American Corrections

Cover
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Part 1: Correctional Context
	Chapter 1: The Corrections System
		The Purpose of Corrections
		A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections
		The Corrections System Today
		Key Issues in Corrections
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 2: The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice
		From the Middle Ages to the American Revolution
		On the Eve of Reform
		The Enlightenment and Correctional Reform
		What Really Motivated Correctional Reform?
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 3: The History of Corrections in America
		The Colonial Period
		The Arrival of the Penitentiary
		The Development of Prisons in the South and the West
		The Reformatory Movement
		The Rise of the Progressives
		The Rise of the Medical Model
		From Medical Model to Community Model
		The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again
		Where Are We Today?
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 4: Contemporary Punishment
		The Purpose of Corrections
		Forms of the Criminal Sanction
		The Sentencing Process
		Unjust Punishment
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 5: The Law of Corrections
		The Foundations of Correctional Law
		Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court
		Constitutional Rights of the Incarcerated
		Alternatives to Litigation
		Law and Community Corrections
		Law and Correctional Personnel
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 6: The Correctional Client
		Selection for the Corrections System
		Types of Clients
		Classifying People in the Corrections System: Key Issues
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
Part 2: Correctional Practices
	Chapter 7: Jails: Detention and Short-Term Incarceration
		The Contemporary Jail: Entrance to the System
		Pretrial Detention
		The Bail Problem and Alternatives
		People Sentenced to Jail
		Issues in Jail Management
		The Future of the Jail
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 8: Probation
		The History and Development of Probation
		The Organization of Probation Today
		The Dual Functions of Probation: Investigation and Supervision
		The Effectiveness of Supervision
		Revocation and Termination of Probation
		Probation in the Coming Decade
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 9: Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections
		Intermediate Sanctions in Corrections
		The Case for Intermediate Sanctions
		Continuum of Sanctions
		Problems with Intermediate Sanctions
		Varieties of Intermediate Sanctions
		Making Intermediate Sanctions Work
		Using Surveillance and Control in Community Corrections
		The New Correctional Professional
		Community Corrections Legislation
		The Future of Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 10: Incarceration
		Links to the Past
		The Goals of Incarceration
		Organization for Incarceration
		The Design and Classification of Prisons
		Who Is in Prison?
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 11: The Prison Experience
		Prison Society
		The Prison Economy
		Violence in Prison
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 12: The Incarceration of Women
		Women: The Forgotten Offenders
		Historical Perspective
		Women in Prison
		Issues in the Incarceration of Women
		Release to the Community
		Summary
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 13: Institutional Management
		Formal Organization
		Governing Prisons
		Correctional Officers: The Linchpin of Management
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 14: Institutional Programs
		Managing Time
		Classification
		Rehabilitative Programs
		Prison Industry
		Prison Maintenance Programs
		Recreational Programs
		Prison Programming Reconsidered
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 15: Release from Incarceration
		Release from One Part of the System to Another
		Origins of Parole
		Release Mechanisms
		The Organization of Releasing Authorities
		The Decision to Release
		Release to the Community
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 16: Making It: Supervision in the Community
		Overview of the Postrelease Function
		The Structure of Community Supervision
		Residential Programs
		The Experience of Postrelease Life
		The Person on Parole as \"Dangerous\"
		The Elements of Successful Reentry
		Postrelease Supervision
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 17: Corrections for Juveniles
		The Problem of Youth Crime
		The History of Juvenile Corrections
		Why Treat Juveniles and Adults Differently?
		The Problem of Serious Delinquency
		Sanctioning Juveniles
		The Special Problem of Gangs
		The Future of Juvenile Justice
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
Part 3: Correctional Issues and Perspectives
	Chapter 18: Incarceration Trends
		Explaining Prison Population Trends
		Dealing with Overcrowded Prisons
		The Impact of Prison Crowding
		Does Incarceration Pay?
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 19: Race, Ethnicity, and Corrections
		Race in the Correctional Context
		The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity
		Visions of Race and Punishment
		Which Is It: Race or Racism?
		The Significance of Race and Punishment
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 20: The Death Penalty
		The Debate over Capital Punishment
		The Death Penalty in America
		The Death Penalty and the Constitution
		Individuals on Death Row
		A Continuing Debate
		Summary
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 21: Immigration and Justice
		Illegal Immigration
		The Immigration Justice System
		Issues in Immigration Justice
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 22: Community Justice
		The Need for a New Approach
		Definition of Community Justice
		How Community Justice Differs from Criminal Justice
		Arguments for Community Justice
		Problems of Community Justice
		The Future of Community Justice
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
	Chapter 23: American Corrections: Looking Forward
		American Corrections Today
		Five Correctional Dilemmas
		Four Current Trends in the U.S. Corrections System
		Three Challenges for the Future of Corrections
		Changing Corrections: A Final View
		Summary
		Key Terms
		For Discussion
		For Further Reading
		Notes
Glossary
Index