American Civilization Portrayed in Ancient Confucianism

Preface and Acknowledgements......Page 12
I. The American Civilization and Ancient Confucianism in An Open Society......Page 16
The American Civilization in Modern Times......Page 18
Ancient Confucianism Created in Open Society......Page 21
The Newtonian Vision Versus the I-Ching Vision......Page 27
The I Ching Perceived by Nonlinear Science......Page 31
The I Ching and Ancient Confucianism......Page 38
II. “All Men Are Created Equal” Versus “All Men Are Born Equal”......Page 44
“All Men Are Created Equal” in American Civilization......Page 45
All Men Are Born Equal in Confucianism......Page 47
Separation between Church and State in the United States......Page 50
Multiculturalism in the United States......Page 53
To Follow the Way in Confucianism......Page 59
The American Individualistic Clubism......Page 61
Symmetry Relations as Fair Reciprocity in Confucianism......Page 65
III. Democracy and Law......Page 68
The Sovereignty of the People and Separation of Power in the United States......Page 69
The People’s Welfare as the Sole Purpose of the State in Confu cianism......Page 70
Trust in Law, in the United States......Page 73
Trust in Law, in the West, and Rituals and Self-Cultivation in Confucianism......Page 78
Democratic Voting versus Confucian Examination......Page 83
Adam Smith’s Rules of Justice and Confucius’ Rules of Propriety......Page 86
Ritual-Based Japan Versus Law-Based America......Page 90
The Democratization and Americanization of Taiwan after the War......Page 96
IV. Education and Knowledge......Page 112
Education in the United States......Page 113
Learning in Confucianism......Page 116
Knowledge and Equal Opportunity in the United States......Page 121
Smith’s and Confucius’ Ideal Man......Page 124
Economic Conditions and Ways of Learning......Page 130
V. Economic Freedom and Development......Page 138
Economic Freedom in the United States......Page 140
Minimum Government Intervention in Confucianism......Page 143
Economic Doctrines by Adam Smith and Confucianism......Page 147
Adam Smith and Confucius’ Attitudes Toward the Great and the Rich......Page 151
Economic Growth and Consumption in the United States......Page 155
Japan and China - Contrasting Paths to the Modernization of Confucian Manifestations......Page 159
Income Inequalities in the United States......Page 168
Economic Consequences of Social Welfare......Page 176
VI. American Universalism and Rational Civili zations in the Future......Page 182
The End of Rational Simplicity......Page 185
Freedom in the United States......Page 193
Human Rights in Confucianism......Page 198
Harmony of Rational Civilizations in Confucian Perspectives......Page 203
References......Page 216