Alzheimer's disease and related disorders annual. / 2004

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Which lesion occurs first? Which lesion causes symptoms?......Page 12
Hypotheses to explain the area selectivity of neurofibrillary pathology......Page 13
Studying connectivity of the senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease......Page 14
Neuroanatomical tracing......Page 15
Alzheimer’s disease and connections: Animal models......Page 17
Methodology......Page 18
Corticocortical connections are disrupted......Page 19
Subcorticocortical connections are relatively preserved......Page 20
Discussion......Page 22
Deciphering the impact of Alzheimer’s disease on brain connectivity: What is the relation between dystrophic neurites and A b......Page 23
References......Page 25
Neuropathology......Page 32
Clinical diagnosis......Page 34
Hypertension......Page 35
Treatment of hypertension......Page 37
Apolipoprotein E......Page 38
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia......Page 39
Diabetes mellitus......Page 40
Coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis......Page 41
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction......Page 42
Lifestyle and psychological stress......Page 43
Conclusion......Page 44
References......Page 45
Do white-matter lesions cause or contribute to the occurrence of dementia?......Page 59
What are the contributions of white-matter lesions in specific types of mental impairment such as Alzheimer’s disease and vas......Page 61
Is there a role for white-matter lesions in mild cognitive impairment and in predicting dementia onset?......Page 62
Can white-matter lesions be considered a surrogate marker of a specific form of dementia or cognitive impairment?......Page 63
Location and extension of white-matter lesions......Page 64
Role of concurrent brain lesions......Page 65
Role of new magnetic resonance techniques......Page 66
References......Page 67
Mild cognitive impairment in population-based epidemiologic studies......Page 73
Mild cognitive impairment in randomized clinical trials......Page 75
Mild cognitive impairment at higher risk of progression to dementia......Page 76
Mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice......Page 77
References......Page 79
5 Neuropsychiatric symptoms of mild cognitive impairment......Page 83
Different definitions of mild cognitive impairment......Page 84
Neuropsychiatric symptoms of mild cognitive impairment......Page 85
Mood abnormalities......Page 87
Apathy......Page 88
Discussion......Page 89
References......Page 90
6 Cognitive rehabilitation in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease......Page 93
Mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease......Page 94
Neurppsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease......Page 96
Cognitive interventions in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease......Page 99
Conclusion......Page 105
References......Page 106
Definition of clinical trials population......Page 110
Cognitive outcome measures......Page 113
Global outcome measures......Page 114
Other outcome measures......Page 115
Cross-cultural outcome measures......Page 117
Centralized scoring of subjective neuropsychological tests......Page 118
Trial design in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease......Page 119
Withdrawal designs......Page 120
Delayed-start designs......Page 123
Complete two-period designs......Page 125
Mild cognitive impairment—another target of disease-modifying therapies......Page 126
Surrogate endpoints/biological markers in disease-modification trials......Page 128
References......Page 130
8 Ethics of research in dementia......Page 137
Decision-making capacity assessment......Page 138
Respect for patient assent and dissent......Page 141
Proxy consent......Page 142
Risk-benefit assessment......Page 143
Evidence of patients’ preferences and interests......Page 146
References......Page 147
The Benefit and Efficacy in Severely Demented Patients During Treatment with Memantine (M-BEST) study......Page 152
A randomized, placebo-controlled study of memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA antagonist, in patients with moderate to severe Al......Page 155
Conclusions......Page 157
References......Page 158
Introduction......Page 160
Problems with hearing and vision......Page 161
Foot problems......Page 162
Nutrition, feeding problems, and weight loss......Page 163
Urinary incontinence......Page 164
Fecal incontinence and constipation......Page 165
Falls and fractures......Page 166
Management of pain......Page 167
Terminal care......Page 169
Diabetes mellitus......Page 170
Atrial fibrillation......Page 171
Acknowledgments......Page 172
References......Page 173
A continuum......Page 177
Oxidative stress, calorie intake, and fatty acids......Page 179
Oxidative stress and vitamins......Page 181
Oxidative stress and alcohol......Page 182
Cholesterol and Alzheimer’s disease......Page 183
Group B vitamins and homocysteine......Page 184
References......Page 186
Index......Page 188