Alternative Materials for the Reinforcement and Prestressing of Concrete

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
Contributors......Page 7
Contents......Page 8
1.1.1 The mechanism of corrosion......Page 16
1.1.3 Chloride ingress......Page 18
1.2 Avoiding corrosion......Page 19
1.3.1 Requirements in codes and standards......Page 20
1.3.2 Reduction in permeability......Page 23
1.3.3 Corrosion inhibitors......Page 24
1.3.4 Surface treatments......Page 25
1.3.5 Grouting of prestressing tendons......Page 26
1.4.2 Provision of anodes......Page 27
1.4.5 Removing chlorides from the concrete......Page 29
1.5.2 Production......Page 30
1.5.4 Design implications......Page 31
1.5.5 Applications......Page 32
1.5.8 Post fabrication coating......Page 33
1.6.1 Introduction......Page 34
1.6.4 Applications......Page 35
1.7.1 Introduction......Page 36
1.7.3 Durability......Page 37
1.7.5 Costs......Page 38
1.8.1 Artificial fibres......Page 39
1.8.2 Manufacturing process for fibre composites......Page 40
1.9.1 Introduction......Page 41
1.9.4 Shear and torsion......Page 42
1.9.6 Deflections and cracking......Page 43
1.9.8 Detailing......Page 44
References......Page 45
Appendix......Page 47
2.1 Introduction......Page 49
2.2.1 Introduction......Page 50
2.2.2 Pultrusion process......Page 51
2.2.4 Available shapes......Page 52
2.3 Mechanical properties......Page 53
2.3.1 Tensile strength......Page 54
2.3.4 Compressive modulus of elasticity......Page 55
2.3.6 Factors affecting mechanical properties......Page 56
2.4 Structural behavior......Page 58
2.4.1 Flexural behavior......Page 59
2.4.2 Shear behavior......Page 60
2.4.3 Bond behavior......Page 61
2.4.5 Ductility......Page 63
2.6 Field applications......Page 64
2.7 Design example......Page 66
2.8 Summary and conclusions......Page 67
References......Page 68
3.3 Survey of development......Page 70
3.4.1 Tensile and compressive properties......Page 73
3.4.2 Durability of NEFMAC......Page 75
3.5.1 Flexural behaviour......Page 85
3.5.2 Shear behaviour......Page 88
3.6 Applications......Page 89
References......Page 96
4.2 Properties of oriented polymer grids......Page 97
4.3 Method of production......Page 98
4.4.1 Static loading......Page 99
4.4.2 Dynamic loading......Page 102
4.5 Practical applications of oriented polymer geogrids......Page 106
4.5.2 External insulation of property......Page 107
4.5.3 Repair of structures......Page 110
4.5.4 Use of oriented polymer grids in tunnels......Page 111
4.5.5 Ground supported slabs......Page 112
References......Page 114
5.2 Description......Page 116
5.3 Termination system......Page 117
5.4 Development of ropes......Page 119
5.5.2 Creep, relaxation and loss of prestress......Page 121
5.5.3 Stress rupture......Page 124
5.5.4 Durability......Page 126
5.6.1 Bicentennial tent......Page 127
5.6.4 Aberfeldy bridge, Scotland......Page 128
5.7.2 Beam tests at Imperial College......Page 130
5.7.3 Load-deflection behaviour......Page 132
5.7.4 Reasons for not bonding to concrete......Page 135
5.8 Link with VSL International......Page 136
5.9 Predictions for future prestressing systems......Page 137
Bibliography......Page 138
6.2.1 Available dimensions and strengths......Page 140
6.2.3 Dynamic behaviour......Page 143
6.2.4 Influence of temperature......Page 144
6.2.5 Behaviour under the effects of aggressive media......Page 145
6.3 The prestressing tendon and its anchorage......Page 146
6.4.2 Ulenbergstrasse bridge......Page 148
6.4.3 Pedestrian bridge at Berlin-Marienfelde......Page 149
6.4.7 Mairie d’Ivry metro station (Paris)......Page 151
6.4.8 Heydau monastery......Page 153
6.5.2 The crack width sensor......Page 155
6.5.4 Corrosion monitoring system......Page 156
6.5.5 Data processing......Page 157
6.6.2 Marienfelde bridge, Berlin......Page 158
6.6.3 Schiessbergstrasse bridge, Leverkusen......Page 159
6.7 Conclusion......Page 161
References......Page 164
7.1.1 Formulation of the problem......Page 166
7.1.2 Reasons for replacing steel by advanced composites......Page 167
7.1.3 Optimal fibre for the strengthening task......Page 168
7.1.4 Scope of the R&D work at the EMPA......Page 169
7.2 Strengthening with non-pretensioned CFRP sheets......Page 170
7.3 Strengthening with pretensioned CFRP sheets and shear strengthening......Page 175
7.4.1 The Kattenbusch bridge in Germany......Page 177
7.4.2 The Ibach bridge near Lucerne in Switzerland......Page 178
7.4.3 The historic wooden bridge near Sins in Switzerland......Page 179
7.5 Outlook......Page 182
References......Page 183
8.1.1 General remarks......Page 185
8.1.2 Material development......Page 188
8.2.1 Aramid......Page 191
8.2.2 Arapree......Page 192
8.2.3 Fibra-rod......Page 193
8.3 Structural criteria......Page 194
8.4.1 General......Page 195
8.4.2 Physical properties......Page 196
8.4.3 Mechanical properties......Page 197
8.4.4 Technological properties......Page 198
8.4.5 Durability in the environment......Page 205
8.5.2 Methods of anchorage......Page 209
8.6.1 Noise barrier posts......Page 210
8.7 Conclusions......Page 211
References......Page 212
Index......Page 214