Alternative Iron Ages: Social Theory from Archaeological Analysis

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
Figures
Tables
Contributors
Preface
Introduction
	References
Part I Theory from and for the field
	1 Reconsidering egalitarianism for archaeological interpretation
		Introduction
		Essential versus assertive egalitarianism
		Egalitarianism as political and economic dominance: Looking back at Leach
		Peasants in Prehistory: Organisation of production against social exploitation
		Iron Age European societies: Egalitarian villages and households
		Acknowledgement
		References
	2 Interpreting the dialectic of sociopolitical tensions in the archaeological past: Implications of an anarchist ...
		Dialectical analyses in history and archaeology
		Anarchists and dialectics: Some background
		Dialectics concerning the interrelation between various principles of anarchism
			Considering scales of application
		Dialectics of domination not restricted to material economy
		Potential for interpreting the Iron Age
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	3 Egalitarianism as an active process: Legitimacy and distributed power in Iron Age West Africa
		Non-centralisation in contemporary scholarship (Is distributed power alternative in human history?)
		Decentralisation in the Voltaic region
		Archaeology and the origins of non-centralised complexity at Kirikongo
			Kirikongo as a single homestead
			Kirikongo as a community of independent Houses
			Kirikongo under centralised control
			Kirikongo as a complex decentralised community
			Accumulated nodes of power, political choice, and active egalitarianism
		Discussion
			Hereditary occupation groups
			House and kinship
			Collective activities
		Towards an archaeology of dispersed articulations of power and authority
		Acknowledgements
		References
	4 Anarchy in the Bronze Age?: Social organisation and complexity in Sardinia
		Background
		The interpretation of Sardinian LBA-EIA society: A dilemma
		Culture, intercultural communications and prehistoric elites
		Villages: Face-to-face communities
		Funerary records
		The bronzetti
		Building a monument by cooperation
		Meeting huts
		Individual autonomy
		Networks and intercultural communications
		Anarchic leadership
		Warriors refuse centralisation
		Anarchic society
		Epilogue: The Iron Age alternative
		Acknowledgements
		References
	5 Reconstructing Iron Age societies: What went wrong
		Social evolution and the Culture History paradigm: Late nineteenth–early twentieth centuries
		Danebury and Celtic society
		The social organisation of Danebury
		Social evolution in Wessex
		Celtic societies
		References
	6 Egalitarianism in the southern British Iron Age: An “archaeology” of knowledge
		An Iron Age spirit?
		The origins of the subversive and dominant accounts
		“Living in the Iron Age”
		The modern world
		Acknowledgements
		Notes
		References
	7 Segmentary societies: A theoretical approach from European Iron Age archaeology
		Segmentarity and its theoretical fundamentals
		The segmentary lineage system
		Rise, fall and revival of the segmentary model
		Redefinition from the perspective of archaeology
			Political segmentarity
			Social segmentarity
		Segmentary landscapes in Northwest Iberia: A model for a decentralised and non-hierarchised Iron Age
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
Part II The different Iron Ages
	8 All together now (or not): Change, resistance and resilience in the NW Iberian Peninsula in the Bronze Age–Iron Age transition
		Introduction: Re-rethinking the Iron Age in the NW Iberian Peninsula
		The picture: Bronze Age–Iron Age transition in NW Iberia
			The Late Bronze Age
			The Early Iron Age
		Interpreting the archaeological record: Linking space and time
			The emergence of settlement fortification
			Settlements and “special places” in the landscape
			Circulation and deposition of metalwork
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		Note
		References
	9 Characterising “communities” in the Early Iron Age of southern Britain
		All Cannings Cross
		Stanton St Bernard
		Other “dark earth” sites
		What are the midden sites?
		Acknowledgements
		References
	10 Hierarchy to anarchy and back again: Social transformations from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman Iron Age in Lowland ...
		Introduction
		East Lothian in the Late Bronze Age: A classic hierarchy?
			Traprain Law in the Late Bronze Age
			Late Bronze Age settlement on the coastal plain
			A “triangular” society
		Broxmouth hillfort and the anarchic Iron Age
			A profusion of enclosures
			The Broxmouth sequence
			Broxmouth in context
			An anarchic Iron Age
			Assembly and decision-making in a non-hierarchical society
		Traprain rises again: Hierarchy and crisis?
			The emptying of the landscape
			The resurgence of Traprain Law
			The re-emergence of hierarchy
		Discussion
		Acknowledgements
		References
	11 Confusing Iron Ages: Communities of the middle Danube region between “tribal hierarchy” and heterarchy
		Settlement pattern: Were there the central places?
		Reconsidering the hierarchy in funerary evidence
		Heterarchy and troubles in “heterarchical paradise”
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	12 A bit of anarchy in the Iron Age: New perspectives on social structure in the Dutch coastal area of North-Holland
		Introduction
		Modelling anarchy
		The Oer–IJ area during the Iron Age
			Economy
			Burial practice and ritual depositions
			Architecture
		Conclusion
		References
	13 Iron Age religions beyond warrior ideologies
		Rethinking religion in the Iron Age
			Religion, power identity
			Warlike religions?
			Confronting castros
			Castros against war
			Castros against Clastres
		Violence in castro religions
		Anarchist religions
		Notes
		References
	14 Monumentalising the domestic: House societies in Atlantic Scotland
		Introduction
		Archaeological approaches
		Definitions
		Atlantic Scotland
			Occupation
			Communities
			Hierarchies
			Long term histories
			Ancestors
		Conclusion
		References
Part III From the core of the state
	15 Social theory and the Greek Iron Age
		Phases of the Final Bronze Age–Early Iron Age and later periods in Greece
		References
	16 The peasantry as a social theory, and its application to Celtiberian society
		Introduction
		Archaeology and a social analysis of the peasantry
		The origin of the peasantry
		Conflict as the origin of the peasantry in the central Iberian System
		A new model of peasant society: “Settlements with a central street”
		The appearance of inequality
		The appearance of the state
		The survival of the settlement with a central street
		An overview of the political structure of Celtiberian city states
		Kinship and Celtiberian social structure
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
		References
	17 Social dynamics in Eastern Iberia Iron Age: Between inclusive and exclusionary strategies
		Introduction
		Non-hierarchical social models in Iberian archaeology
		Settlement patterns, landscapes and social dynamics
			Local power landscapes: Fifth and fourth centuries bc
			Regional landscapes during the third century bc
			Summary: Territorial hierarchisation or corporate coalitions?
		Iberian power strategies: From the networks of the fourth century to the corporations of the third century bce
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgement
		References
Index