Aircraft digital electronic and computer systems

Cover
Half Title
Frontispiece
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1 Flight Instruments
		1.1.1 Basic flight instruments
		1.1.2 Acronyms
		1.1.3 Electronic flight instruments
			1.1.3.1 Electronic attitude and direction indicator
			1.1.3.2 Electronic horizontal situation indicator
		1.1.4 Flight director systems
		1.1.5 Electronic flight instrument systems
			1.1.5.1 EFIS primary flight display
			1.1.5.2 EFIS navigation display
			1.1.5.3 Display select panel
			1.1.5.4 Display processor unit
			1.1.5.5 Weather radar panel
			1.1.5.6 Multifunction display
			1.1.5.7 Multifunction processor unit
		1.1.6 Electronic centralised aircraft monitor
		1.1.7 Engine indicating and crew alerting system
		1.1.8 Flight management system
	1.2 Cockpit Layouts
	1.3 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 2: Number Systems
	2.1 Decimal (Denary) Numbers
	2.2 Binary Numbers
		2.2.1 Binary to decimal conversion
		2.2.2 Decimal to binary conversion
		2.2.3 Binary coded decimal
		2.2.4 One’s complement
		2.2.5 Two’s complement
	2.3 Octal Numbers
		2.3.1 Octal to decimal conversion
		2.3.2 Decimal to octal conversion
		2.3.3 Octal to binary conversion
		2.3.4 Binary to octal conversion
	2.4 Hexadecimal Numbers
		2.4.1 Hexadecimal to decimal conversion
		2.4.2 Decimal to hexadecimal to conversion
		2.4.3 Hexadecimal to binary conversion
		2.4.4 Binary to hexadecimal conversion
	2.5 American Standard Code for Information Interchange
	2.6 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 3: Data Conversion
	3.1 Analogue and Digital Signals
	3.2 Digital to Analogue Conversion
		3.2.1 Resolution and accuracy
		3.2.2 Filters
	3.3 Analogue to Digital Conversion
	3.4 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 4: Data Buses
	4.1 Introducing Bus Systems
		4.1.1 Bus terminology
		4.1.2 Bus protocols
		4.1.3 Bus architecture
		4.1.4 Serial bus principles
	4.2 ARINC 429
		4.2.1 Electrical characteristics
		4.2.2 Protocol
		4.2.3 Bit timing and slew rate
		4.2.4 ARINC 429 data word format
	4.3 Other Bus Standards
		4.3.1 ARINC 419
		4.3.2 ARINC 561
		4.3.3 ARINC 573
		4.3.4 ARINC 575
		4.3.5 ARINC 615
		4.3.6 ARINC 629
		4.3.7 ARINC 708
		4.3.8 MIL-STD-1553B/1773B
		4.3.9 CSDB and ASCB
		4.3.10 FDDI
	4.4 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 5: Logic Circuits
	5.1 Introducing Logic
	5.2 Logic Circuits
		5.2.1 Buffers
		5.2.2 Inverters
		5.2.3 AND gates
		5.2.4 OR gates
		5.2.5 NAND gates
		5.2.6 NOR gates
		5.2.7 Exclusive-OR gates
		5.2.8 Exclusive-NOR gates
		5.2.9 Inverted outputs and inputs
	5.3 Boolean Algebra
		5.3.1 De Morgan’s Theorem
	5.4 Combinational Logic
	5.5 Tri-State Logic
	5.6 Monostables
	5.7 Bistables
		5.7.1 Binary counters
		5.7.2 Shift registers
	5.8 Logic Families
		5.8.1 TTL logic
		5.8.2 CMOS logic
		5.8.3 Logic levels and noise margin
	5.9 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 6: Computers
	6.1 Computer Systems
	6.2 Data Representation
	6.3 Data Storage
		6.3.1 Random access memory
		6.3.2 Read only memory
	6.4 Programs and Software
		6.4.1 Instruction sets
		6.4.2 Mnemonics
		6.4.3 Instructions
	6.5 Backplane Bus Systems
		6.5.1 The VME bus
	6.6 Some Examples of Aircraft Computer Systems
		6.6.1 Clock computer
		6.6.2 Aircraft integrated data system
	6.7 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 7: The CPU
	7.1 Internal Architecture
		7.1.1 Accumulator
		7.1.2 Instruction register
		7.1.3 Data bus (D0 to D7)
		7.1.4 Data bus buffer
		7.1.5 Internal data bus
		7.1.6 General purpose registers
		7.1.7 Stack pointer
		7.1.8 Instruction pointer
		7.1.9 Address bus buffer
		7.1.10 Control bus
		7.1.11 Address bus (A0 to A15)
		7.1.12 Instruction decoder
		7.1.13 Control unit
		7.1.14 Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
		7.1.15 Status register
		7.1.16 Clocks
	7.2 Microprocessor Operation
		7.2.1 ALU operation
	7.3 Intel X86 Family
		7.3.1 Addressing
		7.3.2 80286, 80386 and 80486
		7.3.3 Interrupt handling
	7.4 The Intel Pentium Family
	7.5 AMD 29050
	7.6 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 8: Integrated Circuits
	8.1 Scale of Integration
	8.2 Fabrication Technology
	8.3 Packaging and Pin Numbering
	8.4 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 9: MSI Logic
	9.1 Fan-In and Fan-Out
	9.2 Coding Systems
		9.2.1 Gillham code
	9.3 Decoders
	9.4 Encoders
	9.5 Multiplexers
	9.6 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 10: Fibre Optics
	10.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
	10.2 Propagation in Optical Fibres
		10.2.1 Launching
		10.2.2 Attenuation
	10.3 Dispersion and Bandwidth
	10.4 Practical Optical Networks
		10.4.1 Fibre-optic cable construction
		10.4.2 Fibre-optic connectors
	10.5 Optical Network Components
	10.6 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 11: Displays
	11.1 CRT Displays
		11.1.1 The CRT
		11.1.2 Deflection
		11.1.3 Scanning
		11.1.4 Colour displays
		11.1.5 CRT control
	11.2 Light Emitting Diodes
		11.2.1 Spectral response
		11.2.2 Seven-segment displays
	11.3 Liquid Crystal Displays
		11.3.1 Types of LCD
		11.3.2 Passive matrix displays
		11.3.3 Active matrix displays
	11.4 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 12: ESD
	12.1 Static Electricity
		12.1.1 The triboelectric series
	12.2 Static-Sensitive Devices
	12.3 ESD Warnings
	12.4 Handling and Transporting ESDs
	12.5 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 13: Software
	13.1 Software Classification
	13.2 Software Certification
	13.3 Software Upgrading
		13.3.1 Field loadable software
			13.3.1.1 Loadable software aircraft parts
			13.3.1.2 User modifiable software
			13.3.1.3 Option selectable software
		13.3.2 Database field loadable data
		13.3.3 Distribution methods
	13.4 Data Verification
	13.5 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 14: EMC
	14.1 EMI Generation
		14.1.1 Harmonics
		14.1.2 Frequency spectrum of a pulse
	14.2 EMC and Avionic Equipment
	14.3 Spectrum Analysis
		14.3.1 Frequency bands
	14.4 Effects and Causes of EMI
		14.4.1 Sources of EMI
		14.4.2 Types of interference
		14.4.3 EMI reduction
	14.5 Aircraft Wiring and Cabling
	14.6 Grounding and Bonding
		14.6.1 Grounding
		14.6.2 Bonding
		14.6.3 Data cables
	14.7 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 15: Avionic Systems
	15.1 Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System
	15.2 EFIS
		15.2.1 EFIS displays
		15.2.2 EFIS operation
	15.3 Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System
	15.4 Fly-by-Wire
	15.5 Flight Management System
	15.6 Global Positioning System
		15.6.1 Space segment
		15.6.2 User segment
		15.6.3 Control segment
		15.6.4 GPS frequencies
	15.7 Inertial Reference System
		15.7.1 Gimballed systems
		15.7.2 Strap-down systems
	15.8 Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System
	15.9 Automatic Test Equipment
	15.10 Built-in Test Equipment
	15.11 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 16: Aircraft Data Networks and AFDX
	16.1 Integrated Modular Avionics
	16.2 Local Area Networks
	16.3 LAN Topology
	16.4 Ethernet
	16.5 Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Networks
	16.6 Determinism and Quality of Service
	16.7 Virtual Links
	16.8 Bandwidth Allocation
	16.9 AFDX Frame Format
	16.10 Redundancy, Reliability and Integrity Checking
	16.11 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 17: Large-scale Logic Systems and VHDL
	17.1 The Need for Hardware Description Languages
	17.2 Entities and Entity Declarations
	17.3 Behavioural Declarations
	17.4 VHDL Design Flow
	17.5 VHDL Program Structure
	17.6 VHDL Signal Modes and Types
	17.7 VHDL Operators
	17.8 Logic Decisions and Program Flow
	17.9 Simulation and the Test Bench
	17.10 Timing
	17.11 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 18: Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA)
	18.1 Why IMA?
	18.2 What is IMA?
		18.2.1 Open versus closed IMA
	18.3 IMA Architecture
		18.3.1 IMA modules
	18.4 The IMA Platform
	18.5 An IMA Example
	18.6 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 19: Cabin Systems
	19.1 Cabin Functions and Services
	19.2 Cabin Network Server Systems
		19.2.1 ARINC 628
	19.3 The IFE Subsystem
		19.3.1 Flight attendant panels
		19.3.2 Passenger announcements
		19.3.3 Interphone services
		19.3.4 IFE configuration
		19.3.5 Crew reporting and alerting
		19.3.6 Maintenance
	19.4 Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 20: Aircraft Information Systems
	20.1 Information Systems
		20.1.1 G-EZWE case study – 1
	20.2 Electronic Flight Bags
		20.2.1 Classes of EFB
			20.2.1.1 Class 1
			20.2.1.2 Class 2
			20.2.1.3 Class 3
		20.2.2 Portable EFB
		20.2.3 Installed EFB
		20.2.4 EFB software classification
			20.2.4.1 Type A
			20.2.4.2 Type B
		20.2.5 G-EZWE case study – 2
		20.2.6 EFB compliance
		20.2.7 Hardware configuration
		20.2.8 Software options
	20.3 Integrated Aircraft Information Systems
	20.4 Multiple-Choice Questions
Appendix 1: Abbreviations and Acronyms
Appendix 2: Revision Papers
	A Revision Paper 1
	B Revision Paper 2
	C Revision Paper 3
	D Revision Paper 4
	E Revision Paper 5
	F Revision Paper 6
	G Revision Paper 7
	H Revision Paper 8
Appendix 3: Answers
	A Answers to Review Questions
		A.1 Chapter 1
		A.2 Chapter 2
		A.3 Chapter 3
		A.4 Chapter 4
		A.5 Chapter 5
		A.6 Chapter 6
		A.7 Chapter 7
		A.8 Chapter 8
		A.9 Chapter 9
		A.10 Chapter 10
		A.11 Chapter 11
		A.12 Chapter 12
		A.13 Chapter 13
		A.14 Chapter 14
		A.15 Chapter 15
		A.16 Chapter 16
		A.17 Chapter 17
		A.18 Chapter 18
		A.19 Chapter 19
		A.20 Chapter 20
	B Answers to Revision Papers
		B.1 Revision paper 1
		B.2 Revision paper 2
		B.3 Revision paper 3
		B.4 Revision paper 4
		B.5 Revision paper 5
		B.6 Revision paper 6
		B.7 Revision paper 7
		B.8 Revision paper 8
Appendix 4: Serial Data Communications: RS-232
	The RS-232 Standard
	Data (e.g. TXD, RXD)
	Handshake Control (e.g. RTS, CTS)
	Timing (e.g. TC, RC)
	RS-232 Connectors
	RS-232 Data Representation
	RS-232 Voltage Levels
	Troubleshooting RS-232
Appendix 5: Decimal, Octal, Hexadecimal, Binary and ASCII Values
Index