AI Models for Blockchain-Based Intelligent Networks in IoT Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
From Smart Devices to Smarter Systems: The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) with Characteristics, Architecture, Use Cases and Challenges
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Importance of AI
		1.2 Importance of IoT
	2 Evolution of AIoT
	3 Characteristics of AIoT
	4 Architecture of AIoT
		4.1 Things Tier
		4.2 Inference Tier
		4.3 Platform Tier
	5 Use Cases of AIoT
		5.1 Increases Productivity in the Workplace
		5.2 Easy Real-Time Monitoring
		5.3 Risk Management
		5.4 Reduces Costs
		5.5 Potential of AIoT in Manufacturing
		5.6 AIoT in Retail
		5.7 AIoT in Agriculture
		5.8 AIoT in Energy
		5.9 AIoT in Environmental Monitoring
		5.10 Home Automation with AIoT
		5.11 AIoT in Disaster Management
		5.12 AIoT in Smart Building
		5.13 AIoT in Supply Chain
		5.14 AIoT in Healthcare
		5.15 AIoT for Cybersecurity
		5.16 AIoT in Smart Transportation
		5.17 AIoT in Industrial Automation
		5.18 AIoT in Smart City
		5.19 AIoT in Predictive Maintenance
	6 Technical Challenges of AIoT
		6.1 Data Processing and Management
		6.2 Real-Time Processing
		6.3 Network Latency
		6.4 Limited Computing Resources
		6.5 Security and Privacy
		6.6 Scalability
		6.7 Interoperability
		6.8 Explainability
	7 Ethical and Societal Implications of AIoT
	8 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
	References
AI Enabled Human and Machine Activity Monitoring in Industrial IoT Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Human Activity Monitoring in IIoT
	3 Machine Activity Monitoring in IIoT
	4 Application of ML in IIoT
	5 Application of Deep Learning in IIoT
	6 Implementation of HAR—A Sample Case Study
		6.1 Description of the Dataset
		6.2 Machine Learning Models Applied on Collected Dataset
		6.3 Deep Learning Models Applied on Collected Dataset
	7 Security Approaches in IIoT
		7.1 Layer wise Attack in IIoT
		7.2 Secure Human Activity and Machinery Activity Monitoring
	8 Open Research Issues
	9 Conclusion
	References
AI Model for Blockchain Based Industrial IoT and Big Data
	1 Introduction
	2 IIoT Framework
	3 Challenges for IIoT
	4 Smart Contracts
	5 Significance of Smart Contracts in IIoT
	6 Application of Smart Contracts in Block Chain Technology
	7 Domain-Specific Use of Blockchain Technology
	8 Big Data Analytics
	9 Big Data Applications
	10 Big Data Challenges
	11 Integrating AI, Big Data and Blockchain Technologies
	12 Conclusion
	References
SIMDPS: Smart Industrial Monitoring and Disaster Prevention System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 SIMDPS: Detailed Architecture
		4.1 Gas Sensors
		4.2 Ambient Sensors
		4.3 Disaster Detection
		4.4 Data Transmission and Alerting
		4.5 Disaster Prediction
	5 System Description
		5.1 Pin Configuration
		5.2 Hazardous Gas Detection Module
		5.3 Ambient Monitoring Module
		5.4 Emergency Event Module
		5.5 Data Transmission Module
		5.6 Disaster Prediction Module
	6 Results and Discussions
		6.1 Implementation
		6.2 Testing the Accuracy of the Machine Learning Model
		6.3 Testing the Accuracy of the Temperature Sensor
		6.4 Testing the Accuracy of the Humidity Sensor
		6.5 Testing the Carbon Monoxide Sensor
	7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
An Artificial Intelligence Based Sustainable Approaches—IoT Systems for Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Model
		3.1 Blockchain Based Security Management
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Calculation of Service Recognition (SR)
		4.2 Calculation of Service Rejection (SRN)
		4.3 Calculation of Service Accuracy (SA)
		4.4 Calculation of Service Precision (SP)
		4.5 Calculation of Service Recall (SR)
		4.6 Calculation of Service F1-Score (SF1-Score)
	5 Conclusion
	References
Empowering Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Toward Smart Healthcare Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Artificial Intelligence
	3 Internet of Things
		3.1 Use Cases of IoT
	4 Combination of AI and IoT
		4.1 Limitations
		4.2 Perspectives
		4.3 Use Cases of AIoT
	5 AIoT for Healthcare
		5.1 Cutting-Edge Works
		5.2 Limitations and Perspectives
	6 Conclusion
	References
AI Enabled Internet of Medical Things in Smart Healthcare
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Need for Artificial Intelligence (AI)
		1.2 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Healthcare
	2 Smart Healthcare Services Through Sensors
		2.1 Smart Patient Monitoring and Tracking
		2.2 Emotional Telemedicine
		2.3 Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
		2.4 Smart Treatment Reminders, Compliance, and Adherence
	3 Internet of Medical Things (IOMT)
		3.1 Technologies of IOMT
		3.2 Applications of IOMT
		3.3 Platforms and Tools for IoMT
	4 AI Augmentation for Smart Healthcare
		4.1 Artificial Intelligence in Data Extraction
		4.2 Healthcare Disease Predictions
		4.3 Heart Disease Diagnosis
	5 Challenges and Future Directions
	6 Conclusion
	References
AI Model for Blockchain Based Industrial Application in Healthcare IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 AI and Healthcare Industry
		2.1 Advantages of AI in Healthcare Industries
		2.2 Challenges of AI in Healthcare Industries
		2.3 Risks of AI in Healthcare Industries
	3 Blockchain and Its Distributed Ledger Features
		3.1 Blockchain Structure
		3.2 Blockchain and Cryptographic Perspectives
		3.3 Blockchain and Network Nodes
		3.4 Blockchain Transaction Process
	4 Industrial Healthcare IoT
		4.1 IoT Application Perspective in Industrial Healthcare
		4.2 Smart Health Emergency System Based on IoT
		4.3 IoT and Industrial Healthcare Challenges
	5 AI Model for Blockchain-Based Industrial Healthcare IoT
		5.1 Algorithm for AI Model for Blockchain-Based Industrial Application in Healthcare IoT
		5.2 AI Model for Blockchain
		5.3 Communication Model of the Healthcare Industry
		5.4 Result Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Formation of a Recurrent Neural Network for the Description of IoMT Processes in Restorative Medicine for Post-stroke Patients
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Recent Publications and Identification of Unsolved Problems
	3 Features of Describing the Activities of Recovery Procedures by Markov Chains Using a Recurrent Neural Network
		3.1 Analysis of Features of the Applicability of Markov Chains for Describing the Activity of Restorative Procedures
		3.2 Analytical Presentation of a Recurrent Neural Network for the Description of the Course of Procedures in Recovery Devices That Implement the IoMT Principle Without an Operator
	4 Modeling and Formation of a Probabilistic Model of the Patient of Markov Chains Using a Recurrent Neural Network
	5 Simulation Results
	6 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
AI and Blockchain for Cyber Security in Cyber-Physical System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Security for Cyberspace
		3.1 Cyber Security Components
		3.2 Threat to Cybersecurity on a Large Scale
		3.3 Cybersecurity Challenges
		3.4 Cyber Security Applications
		3.5 Barriers in Cybersecurity Technologies
	4 Blockchain Technology
		4.1 Blockchain Technology Process
		4.2 Broker with Blockchain
	5 Artificial Intelligence
		5.1 Role of AI in Cybersecurity
	6 Convergence of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence
		6.1 Conceptual Model
		6.2 Blockchain and AI Convergence Use Cases
		6.3 Electoral Process
		6.4 Cybersecurity Recommendations
	7 Conclusion
	References
Scalable Blockchain Architecture of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for Indian Smart Healthcare System
	1 Introduction
	2 Indian Healthcare System
		2.1 Organisation and Governance
		2.2 Health Status
		2.3 Information Technology
	3 Blockchain
		3.1 Key Characteristics
		3.2 Types of Blockchain
		3.3 Emergence of Blockchain
		3.4 Blockchain in the Healthcare Ecosystem
	4 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
	5 Scalable Blockchain
		5.1 Horizontal Scalability
		5.2 Vertical Scalability
	6 Related Work
	7 Blockchain Based IoMT Architecture
	8 Conclusion
	References
Higher Education: AI Applications for Blockchain-Based IoT Technology and Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Higher Education and Digitalization
	3 Smart Contract Automation
		3.1 Industry and Education (4.0)
	4 Digitisation Initiatives in NEP-2020
		4.1 NETF's Functions Include
	5 A.I., Blockchain-Based IoT Applications University Reform
		5.1 What About Blockchain Technology?
		5.2 What Is IoT?
		5.3 Creating Trust with Blockchain Technology
		5.4 Identity, Blockchain, and Academic Transparency
	6 A Case Study
		6.1 Blockchain and the New Pedagogy
		6.2 Costs and Blockchain (Student Debt)
		6.3 Blockchain and the Meta-University
		6.4 Incentives to Change
		6.5 Lives Technology Integration in Higher Education in Indian Education
		6.6 Below Are Some of the Policy's Vital Technological Features
	7 Digital India
		7.1 Priorities
		7.2 Technological Innovations in Education
		7.3 Technology Integration Model
	8 Conclusion
	References
Data Protection and Security Enhancement in Cyber-Physical Systems Using AI and Blockchain
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Problems While Building an IoT Network
		2.2 Challenges of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
	3 Security and Privacy in CPS
		3.1 Physical Attacks
		3.2 Cryptanalysis Attacks
		3.3 Software Attacks
		3.4 Network Attacks
		3.5 Data Attacks
	4 Potential Threats to CPS Security
		4.1 FDI Attack Model
		4.2 AFDI Attack Model
	5 Securing CPS by Means of AI Algorithms
		5.1 AI Based Security in CPS
		5.2 Mechanisms Based on AI and Blockchain for Reliable CPS
		5.3 Data Interoperability and Integration
		5.4 Digital Twins
		5.5 Using Threat Intelligence and Digital Twins Together
	6 Cyber-Security/Cyber-Physical Systems Blockchain Models
		6.1 Technology Behind Blockchain
		6.2 Blockchain Categories
		6.3 ML-Based Real-Time Attack Detection
		6.4 Design of a Resilient Cyber-Physical System
		6.5 SPI’s Secure Encryption Algorithm
	7 Experimental Results and Analysis
		7.1 Secure Encryption Algorithm for SPI
		7.2 Examination of Experimental Findings
	8 Future Research Directions
	9 Conclusion
	References
A Study of Smart Evolution on AI-Based Cyber-Physical System Using Blockchain Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Cyber Physical System Background
		2.1 What is Cyber-Physical System
		2.2 Background of Internet of Things Versus Cyber-Physical System
	3 Blockchain Integration in Cyber-Physical System
	4 Architecture
		4.1 Physical Layer
		4.2 Cyber Layer
		4.3 System Layer
	5 Implementation
		5.1 CPS-Based Smart Manufacturing
	6 Security Discussion of CPS
		6.1 Security Requirements
	7 Cyber-Physical System Challenges
		7.1 Diversity
		7.2 Security
		7.3 Trusts
		7.4 Range
		7.5 Latency
	8 Maintenance Support of CPS
	9 Future Direction
	10 Conclusion
	References
Integration of AI, Blockchain, and IoT Technologies for Sustainable and Secured Indian Public Distribution System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Fusion of Blockchain and Big Data in IoT Applications
		2.2 AI in IoT Applications
		2.3 Green IoT Solutions
		2.4 Public Distribution System
	3 Proposed PDS Framework
		3.1 Modular Description
		3.2 Food Grains Traceability
		3.3 Distribution and Delivery Mechanism
		3.4 Blockchain Transactions of PDS Supply Chain
	4 Performance Analysis
		4.1 Analysis of Blockchain Technology in the PDS System
		4.2 TinyML-Based Food Quality Monitoring Mechanism
	5 Practical Inferences
	6 Conclusion, Limitations, and Future Work
	References
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT): Application in Detecting and Containing the Spread of COVID-19
	1 Introduction to IoT and AI in Healthcare
	2 A Brief Introduction to COVID-19
	3 Motivations Behind Using IoT and AI to Fight COVID-19
	4 Methods and Materials
	5 AI-IoT Architecture for Controlling and Containing COVID-19
	6 AI and IoT Use Cases for Containing COVID-19
		6.1 AI Use Cases
		6.2 IoT Use Cases
	7 Challenges and Future Directions
		7.1 Challenges
		7.2 Future Directions
	8 Conclusion
	References