AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing: 10th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, Rome, Italy, September 10-13, 2007. Proceedings

Front matter......Page 1
Learning to Select Team Strategies inFinite-Timed Zero-Sum Games......Page 17
Expressive Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence, Games and New Media......Page 18
Introduction......Page 19
Writing Ontology? Terminology and Ontological Commitments of Ontologists......Page 21
A Text-Informed Method for Building Thesauri......Page 25
Nuclear Physics......Page 29
Linguistics......Page 32
Cell Biology: Commitments in Mammalian and Bacterial Cell Biology......Page 35
Anthropology......Page 36
Afterword......Page 37
References......Page 38
Introduction......Page 40
The Diagnosis Approach......Page 42
Discriminability Analysis......Page 43
Example......Page 47
Conclusions and Related Work......Page 50
Introduction......Page 52
Description Logics......Page 54
Formalizing $UML$ Class Diagrams in DLs......Page 56
Finite Model Reasoning on UML Class Diagr.CSP......Page 57
Implementation......Page 61
Conclusions......Page 63
Introduction......Page 64
Model Checking......Page 65
Composition of Transition Systems......Page 66
Complexity and Compilability......Page 67
Planning......Page 68
Results......Page 69
Conclusions......Page 73
Introduction......Page 76
Cognitive Naturalism and Heuristics......Page 77
The Mesoscopic Functionalism......Page 78
Intractability and Functionalism......Page 79
The Mesoscopic Level of Functionalism......Page 80
Unifying Cognitive Artificial Intelligence......Page 82
Cognitive Plausibility of Models......Page 83
Underdetermination and Scientific Pluralism......Page 84
References......Page 85
Introduction......Page 88
Technical Background......Page 89
Subsymbolic Layer......Page 91
Conceptual Layer......Page 92
Wildfire Detection: A Case Study......Page 93
Conclusion and Ongoing Work......Page 98
Introduction......Page 100
KLM Preferential Logic P......Page 101
A Labelled Tableau Calculus for Preferential Logic P......Page 102
Design of FreeP 1.0......Page 104
A Simple Implementation of $LABP$ (Without Free-Variables)......Page 105
Free-Variables Implementation......Page 107
Performances of FreeP 1.0......Page 111
Introduction......Page 113
QBFEVAL'05......Page 114
State of the Art Aggregation Procedures......Page 115
YASM: Yet Another Scoring Method (Revisited)......Page 117
Fidelity......Page 118
RDT-Stability and DTL-Stability......Page 119
SBT-Stability......Page 121
Conclusions......Page 123
Introduction......Page 125
Preliminaries......Page 126
The Top Down Interpreter for ProbLog......Page 127
A Top Down Interpreter for LPAD and CP-Logic......Page 128
Experiments......Page 133
Conclusions......Page 135
Introduction......Page 137
A General Agent Model......Page 138
About Beliefs......Page 139
Concrete Agent and Agent Evolution......Page 140
Instances......Page 142
Enhancing the Agent Model......Page 143
Detecting Anomalies, Checking and Enforcing Properties......Page 144
Parallel Plans......Page 146
Conclusions......Page 147
Introduction......Page 149
Preliminaries......Page 150
Relevance Relation Among Beliefs w.r.t. a Desire......Page 151
Mental State Representation......Page 153
Changes in the Mental State of an Agent......Page 156
Changes Caused by a New Belief......Page 157
Changes Caused by a New Desire......Page 158
Conclusion......Page 159
Introduction......Page 161
Protocol Specification......Page 162
Conformance......Page 165
Reasoning About Protocols Using Automata......Page 167
An Automata-Based Verification Algorithm......Page 169
Conclusions and Related Work......Page 170
Introduction......Page 173
The TOE Module......Page 174
Tables’ Structure and Ontological Types......Page 175
The Relation Extraction Module......Page 180
Module Components and Algorithm......Page 182
Conclusions......Page 184
References......Page 185
Introduction......Page 186
Preliminaries......Page 188
Analysis of Questions Asked by Users......Page 191
Answering Natural Language Questions over Ontologies......Page 193
Translation......Page 194
Semantic Weakening......Page 195
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 196
Introduction......Page 198
Multilinguality......Page 199
Semantic Knowledge......Page 202
Semantic Interpretation......Page 204
Translation into Attributes......Page 206
Conclusions......Page 207
References......Page 208
Introduction......Page 210
Complex Networks......Page 211
The Algorithm......Page 212
The Evolutionary Environment......Page 214
The Benchmark Model......Page 215
Experimental Results......Page 218
Conclusion......Page 219
References......Page 220
Introduction......Page 222
Related Works......Page 223
Problem Definition......Page 224
Relational EPs Discovery......Page 227
Experimental Results......Page 230
Conclusions......Page 232
Introduction......Page 234
Definition of the Protein Active Site Classification Task......Page 235
The Computational Model......Page 236
Tree Kernels......Page 237
Scalar Features......Page 239
Structural Features......Page 240
Experimental Set-Up......Page 241
Experiment Results......Page 242
Related Work......Page 243
Conclusions......Page 244
Introduction......Page 246
Numerical Control System Synthesis......Page 248
Fuzzy Control Systems......Page 249
GA for Automatic Synthesis of the FCS......Page 251
Implementation......Page 252
Problem Definition......Page 254
Experimental Setting and Results......Page 255
Conclusions......Page 256
Introduction: The SSL Task......Page 258
Review of Past Results......Page 259
Test Domain: Harmony Analysis......Page 260
$CarpeDiem$'s Performance Compared with Viterbi......Page 261
The Growth of Classification Time......Page 262
HMPerceptron Learning Strategy......Page 264
Trends in Vertical and Horizontal Weights......Page 266
Conclusion......Page 268
Introduction......Page 270
A Nearest Neighbor Approach to Instance-Checking......Page 271
The Measure......Page 274
Discussion......Page 275
Experimental Setting......Page 276
Retrieval Employing the New Measure in the NN Procedure......Page 278
Varying the Hypothesis Set......Page 279
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 280
Learning Methods for Concept Languages......Page 282
A Semantic Semi-distance for Individuals......Page 284
Discussion......Page 286
Grouping Individuals by Hierarchical Clustering......Page 287
The Algorithm......Page 288
Discussion......Page 289
Semantic Similarity Measures......Page 290
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 291
Introduction......Page 294
Similarity Formula......Page 295
Object Similarity......Page 296
Structural Similarity......Page 297
Related Works......Page 302
Experiments......Page 303
Conclusions......Page 305
Introduction......Page 306
Structure of a Block......Page 307
Estimating Probabilities in S-HMM......Page 308
S-HMMs Are Locally Trainable......Page 310
Applying S-HMM to Real World Tasks......Page 311
Modeling Duration and Gaps......Page 312
Knowledge Transfer......Page 314
Conclusive Remarks......Page 316
Introduction......Page 318
The Local Hyperplane Approach......Page 320
Defining the Local Hyperplanes......Page 321
Asymptotic Behavior......Page 323
Finite Sample Behavior......Page 325
Experimental Results......Page 326
Conclusions......Page 328
Introduction......Page 330
Related Work......Page 331
$JIGSAW_{nouns}$......Page 332
Keyword-Based and Synset-Based Document Representation......Page 335
Experiments......Page 337
SEMEVAL-1 Task 1 Experiment......Page 338
ITR Experiment......Page 339
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 340
Introduction......Page 342
The REQUIRE Architecture......Page 343
The Dialogue Management in REQUIRE......Page 345
Finite State Technology for Dialogue Management......Page 346
Planning Dialogue Turns......Page 348
Evaluation......Page 349
Experimental Setup......Page 350
Results: Objective Measures......Page 351
Results over Questionnaires......Page 352
Conclusion and Future Works......Page 353
Summary of the Gloss Extraction Algorithm......Page 355
Application of a Stylistic Filter......Page 357
Application of a Domain Filter......Page 359
Evaluation of the Glossary Extraction Algorithm......Page 360
The Web Application......Page 363
Related Work......Page 364
References......Page 365
Introduction......Page 366
System Description......Page 367
Kernel Functions for Semantic Role Labeling......Page 368
Features for Semantic Role Labeling......Page 371
SemEval2007 Evaluation......Page 372
Further Evaluation......Page 373
Final Remarks......Page 375
Introduction......Page 378
System Architecture......Page 379
Person Name Splitter......Page 380
Local Coreference......Page 382
Global Coreference......Page 383
Experiments and Evaluation......Page 385
Conclusion and Further Work......Page 388
References......Page 389
Introduction......Page 390
Are BQ Readings Really Available in NL?......Page 392
Easy Interface with a Dependency Grammar......Page 393
DTS Partial and Full Disambiguations......Page 396
Formalisation: Syntax of DTS......Page 397
Conclusion......Page 399
A Personalized Question Answering System......Page 402
Profile Creation......Page 403
Profile Confirmation, Update and Save......Page 404
Core Question Answering Phase......Page 405
Final Answer Ranking......Page 406
User Modelling as a Form of Implicit Relevance Feedback......Page 407
Evaluating Personalized Question Answering......Page 408
Evaluation Methodology......Page 409
Evaluation Results......Page 410
Conclusions and Further Work......Page 412
Introduction......Page 414
Linguistically Informed IR for QA......Page 415
A Genetic Algorithm for Query Optimization......Page 417
Comparing Selection Strategies......Page 419
Further Experiments......Page 422
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 424
Introduction......Page 426
Preliminaries......Page 427
Methodology and Data......Page 429
Experimental Results......Page 430
Related Work......Page 433
Experimental Comparison to Other Tools......Page 434
Conclusions......Page 435
Introduction......Page 438
Preliminaries......Page 440
 $satplan$^{\prec}$ Implementation......Page 441
 $satplan$^{\prec}$ Command Line and Options......Page 443
Experimental Evaluation......Page 444
Availability of the System and SGPLAN Benchmarks......Page 448
Introduction......Page 450
Setting the Framework......Page 451
The Global Plan and the Local Plans......Page 453
Agent Status and Action Outcome......Page 455
On-Line Supervision of Plan Execution......Page 457
Discussion and Conclusion......Page 461
Introduction......Page 463
The Iterative Flattening Schema......Page 464
Extensions to Iterative Flattening Search......Page 466
Introducing Partial Order Schedules......Page 467
Meta-heuristics for Fine-Grained Exploration......Page 468
The MCJSSP Scheduling Problem and Test Sets......Page 470
Experimental Results......Page 471
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 473
Introduction......Page 475
Dynamic Constrains......Page 476
Voronoi Diagram......Page 478
Bezier Curves......Page 479
Adjusting Velocities......Page 480
Experimental Results......Page 483
Conclusion......Page 485
Introduction and Motivations......Page 487
Competence, Competency, and Basic Constraints......Page 489
Positive and Negative Relations Among Competences......Page 491
Representing Curricula as Activity Diagrams......Page 493
Verifying Curricula by Means of SPIN Model Checker......Page 494
Conclusions......Page 497
Introduction......Page 499
The Domain and Scope of Symphony: Job and Person Description......Page 501
SymMemory Case Structure and Retrieval......Page 502
SymMemory Architecture......Page 505
SymMemory Application Tier......Page 506
SymMemory Presentation Tier......Page 507
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 508
Goal: A Context-Aware Intelligent Assistant......Page 511
Separate Intelligent Capabilities......Page 512
The Coordination Subproblem......Page 513
Continuous Monitoring of the Assisted Person......Page 515
Managing Assistant/Assisted Interaction......Page 518
From Scheduler Knowledge to Interaction......Page 519
Conclusions......Page 521
Introduction......Page 523
Related Work......Page 524
The VR Filter......Page 525
Test Metrics Definition......Page 528
Algorithm Performance and Statistical Results......Page 529
Some Tests on Generic Images......Page 531
Conclusions and Future Works......Page 533
Introduction......Page 535
Background......Page 536
Architectural View......Page 538
Functional View......Page 540
AI Contributions......Page 541
Hierarchical Recommender of Documents......Page 542
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 545
Introduction......Page 547
Reinforcement Learning and State Aggregation......Page 548
LEAP......Page 550
Adaptive State Space Representation......Page 551
Refining the State Representation......Page 552
Experiments......Page 554
Grid World......Page 555
RoboCup Keepaway......Page 556
Conclusion......Page 558
Introduction......Page 559
Behaviors......Page 560
Search and Exploration......Page 562
Environment Knowledge......Page 564
Process Context......Page 565
Perception......Page 566
Conclusions......Page 568
Introduction......Page 571
An Approach to Visually-Guided Navigation......Page 572
Detecting Salient Regions......Page 573
Landmark Characterization......Page 577
Landmark Identification......Page 579
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 581
Introduction and Related Work......Page 583
Superellipses......Page 584
Measures for Assesting Grasp Quality......Page 585
Robotic Arm and Hand Assumptions......Page 588
How Does the Genome Encode the Contact Points?......Page 589
Fitness Computation......Page 590
Neural Networks for Grasping......Page 591
Experimental Results......Page 592
Introduction......Page 595
An Overview of the Proposed Architecture......Page 596
The Topological Map......Page 597
The Landmark......Page 599
Controlling the Robot......Page 602
Experiments and Results......Page 603
Conclusions......Page 605
Introduction......Page 607
A Forward Dynamics Approach......Page 608
Muscle Force......Page 609
Modeling the Human Lower Extremity......Page 610
The Virtual Walls......Page 611
The First Test......Page 613
Medical Problems......Page 614
Discussion and Future Work......Page 615
Conclusions......Page 616
Introduction......Page 618
Background Theories......Page 619
Corpus 1: ‘Common Sense’ Persuasion Messages......Page 620
Corpus 2: WoZ Dialogues......Page 621
Generating a Persuasion Attempt......Page 622
Observing the User’s Reaction......Page 623
Detecting Signs of Social Attitude......Page 625
Conclusion......Page 627
Introduction......Page 630
An Experiment to Embed Expressive Knowledge......Page 631
Our Approach and Domains......Page 632
Audio Cues Extraction......Page 633
Features for General and Specific Description......Page 635
Description of the Joint Space......Page 637
Conclusions......Page 640
Introduction......Page 642
Game Design as a Problem-Solving Activity......Page 643
Common-Sense Thematic Content......Page 646
Decomposing $WarioWare$......Page 647
Common-Sense $WarioWare$ Generation......Page 648
Related Work......Page 650
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 652
Introduction......Page 654
Tonal Harmony Analysis Problem......Page 655
HMPerceptron Algorithm Grounded on $CarpeDiem$......Page 656
Features Design......Page 657
Learning Strategy......Page 658
$CarpeDiem$ Algorithm......Page 659
Experimentation......Page 660
Conclusions......Page 664
Advertising Messages and Optimal Innovation......Page 666
Familiar Expression Variation......Page 667
Affective Semantic Similarity......Page 668
Assonance Tool......Page 670
Kinetic Typography Scripting Language......Page 671
Algorithm......Page 673
Examples......Page 674
Discussion......Page 675
Introduction......Page 678
Disclosure of Relationships Among Manuscripts......Page 679
Dynamic Records and Intellectual Rights......Page 680
Collaborative Environment......Page 681
A Formal Model of Annotations of Digital Content......Page 682
Suggestions of Possible Inconsistencies......Page 687
Suggestions of New Relationships......Page 688
Conclusions......Page 689
Introduction......Page 690
Extracting Multimedia Features in the Web......Page 691
Mining the Visual and Textual Features......Page 693
An Architecture for Multimedia Semantic Retrieval and Classification......Page 694
Evaluation......Page 697
Experiment 2: Evaluating the Classification Accuracy......Page 698
Conclusions......Page 701
Introduction......Page 702
Semantic Image Classification......Page 703
Outdoor Image Annotation......Page 704
Indoor and Close-Ups Image Annotation by Skin Detection......Page 705
Saliency Regions Detection......Page 706
Image Dominant Color Detection and Classification......Page 707
Color Balancing......Page 708
Local Contrast Enhancement......Page 709
Adaptive Image Cropping......Page 710
Conclusions......Page 712
Introduction......Page 714
Human Motion Taxonomy......Page 715
Extraction of Visual Information......Page 717
Abstraction and Conceptual Manipulation......Page 718
Behavioral Analysis......Page 720
Experimental Results......Page 722
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 724
References......Page 725
Introduction......Page 726
Authoring a Museum Hyper-guide......Page 727
A Hypermedia Representation Ontology......Page 728
The Hypermedia Composition Graph......Page 730
Operation of HyperJessSyn......Page 731
Reasoning on the CompositionGraph......Page 732
References......Page 734
Introduction......Page 736
Text Representation......Page 737
Sextant Language......Page 739
NaviLire, Application in Text Linguistics......Page 741
Navigation as an Alternative to Automatic Summarization......Page 742
Conclusion......Page 744
Introduction......Page 746
Proposed Feature Sets......Page 747
The Structural Pattern Vector Component......Page 748
Video Genre Classification......Page 749
Experimental Settings......Page 752
Comparisons with Other Works......Page 753
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 755
Introduction......Page 758
The Proposed Approach......Page 759
Theoretical Issues......Page 760
Experimental Results......Page 761
Conclusions and Future Work......Page 763
Introduction......Page 765
Non-linear-LSI Implementation......Page 766
OnLine Hyperplane......Page 768
Experiments......Page 769
WebKB......Page 770
Conclusion......Page 771
Introduction......Page 773
Functionalities of NavEditOW......Page 775
Prototypal Application......Page 777
Conclusions and Future Developments......Page 780
Introduction......Page 781
Segmentation and Annotation of Filmic Events......Page 782
Temporal Plot-Fabula Diagrams......Page 783
Relations of Order on the Events of Stories......Page 785
Forward, Flashback, Repetition and Temporal Anchorage......Page 786
An Aid System for Interactive Analysis of Film Stories......Page 787
References......Page 788
Introduction......Page 789
State of the Art......Page 790
Our KDD Workflow Model......Page 791
Medical Experimental Research Specification......Page 792
System Functionalities......Page 793
System Architecture......Page 794
Conclusion and Future Works......Page 795
Introduction......Page 797
Intelligent Spaces......Page 798
Knowledge Ecosystems......Page 799
Symbolic Data Fusion......Page 800
Planning and Execution......Page 801
Implementation and Experimental Results......Page 802
Conclusion......Page 804
Introduction......Page 805
The RoboNet Framework......Page 806
The Intermediate Layer......Page 807
The Application Layer......Page 809
An Application Scenario......Page 810
Introduction......Page 813
Related Work......Page 814
PASSI Methodology......Page 815
Agent Identification (A.Id.)......Page 816
Roles Identification (R.Id.)......Page 818
Conclusions......Page 819
Introduction......Page 821
The Environment Majordomo Architecture......Page 822
Triggering High-Level Goals......Page 823
Deciding the Most Appropriate Plan to Execute......Page 824
Testing the Approach......Page 825
References......Page 828
Introduction......Page 829
Related Works......Page 830
Abstractions......Page 831
Basic and Compound Abstraction Functions......Page 832
Abstraction Hierarchy......Page 834
Conclusions......Page 835
Introduction and Methodology......Page 838
Extracting Characteristic Information......Page 839
Tagging Attributes......Page 841
Rule Learning......Page 842
Chinese PN Recognition......Page 843
Experiments and Discussion......Page 844
References......Page 845
Introduction......Page 847
Image-Based Localization for ERS-7 AIBO......Page 848
Discrete Wavelet Transform Image Signature......Page 849
The Proposed Signature......Page 850
Experiments......Page 852
Conclusion and Future Works......Page 853
Introduction......Page 855
LT4eL Methodology......Page 856
Mapping of the Lexicons onto the Ontology......Page 858
Crosslingual Search and Integration in the Learning Management System......Page 860
Conclusions and Further Work......Page 862
Introduction......Page 864
Constraints Definition......Page 865
Background of Standard GA......Page 866
Initialization......Page 867
Genetic Operators......Page 868
Experiments and Results......Page 869
References......Page 871
Back matter......Page 872