Agricultural Value Chains in India. Ensuring Competitiveness, Inclusiveness, Sustainability, Scalability, and Improved Finance

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Disclaimer
Contents
Editors and Contributors
	About the Editors
	Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	1.1 Background and Scope of the Study
	1.2 Methodological Framework
	1.3 Organization of the Book
	References
2 Evaluating Agricultural Value Chains on CISS-F Framework
	2.1 Technology, Institutions and Markets Driving Value Chains
		2.1.1 Technology
		2.1.2 Institutions
		2.1.3 Markets
	2.2 Competitiveness of Value Chains
		2.2.1 Domestic Competitiveness
		2.2.2 Global Competitiveness
	2.3 Inclusiveness of Value Chains
	2.4 Sustainability of Value Chains
	2.5 Scalability of Value Chains
	2.6 Access to Finance in the Value Chain
	2.7 Conclusion
	References
3 Tomato, Onion and Potato (TOP) Value Chains
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Competitiveness
		3.2.1 International Competitiveness
		3.2.2 Domestic Price Formation (Efficiency)
	3.3 Inclusiveness
		3.3.1 Inclusiveness in Production
		3.3.2 Inclusiveness in Marketing
		3.3.3 Inclusiveness in Post-harvest Management
		3.3.4 Inclusiveness in Contract Farming
	3.4 Sustainability
		3.4.1 Financial Sustainability
		3.4.2 Environmental Sustainability
	3.5 Scalability
		3.5.1 Scalability of Area and Production
		3.5.2 Scalability of Exports
	3.6 Access to Finance
		3.6.1 Financing of Farmers
		3.6.2 Financing of Infrastructure
		3.6.3 Financing of Processors
	3.7 Conclusion and Policy Recommendation
	Annexures
		Annexure 3.1: Estimated Cost of Cultivation of Processing Variety Potato for McCain (Based on Discussions with McCain Officials and Contract Farmers)
		Annexure 3.2: Markups Provided by MDFVPL for SAFAL Fruits and Vegetables
		Annexure 3.3: Cost of Production of Onion in Maharashtra provided by NHRDF
		Annexure 3.4: Item-Wise Cost of Production of Potato in Uttar Pradesh, 2016–17, Given by NHRDF (Adjusted for Yield)
	References
4 Banana and Mango Value Chains
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Overview of Banana and Mango Economy
		4.2.1 Banana
		4.2.2 Mango
	4.3 Competitiveness
		4.3.1 International Competitiveness
		4.3.2 Domestic Price Formation
	4.4 Inclusiveness
		4.4.1 Inclusiveness in Production
		4.4.2 Inclusiveness in Marketing
		4.4.3 Promotion of Small Scale Industries
	4.5 Sustainability
		4.5.1 Financial Sustainability
		4.5.2 Environmental Sustainability
	4.6 Scalability
		4.6.1 Scalability in Area and Production
		4.6.2 Scalability in Exports
	4.7 Access to Finance
		4.7.1 Financing Mechanism for Farmers
		4.7.2 Government Schemes for Horticulture Sector Development, and Processing
		4.7.3 Development of Export Infrastructure
	4.8 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		4.8.1 Generic Policy Recommendations for Fruit Crops
		4.8.2 Banana Value Chain
		4.8.3 Mango Value Chain
	Annexures
		Annexure 4.1: Banana Value Chain Markups
		Annexure 4.2: Mango Value Chain Markups
	References
5 Grapes and Pomegranate Value Chains
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Overview of Grape and Pomegranate Economy
		5.2.1 Grape
		5.2.2 Pomegranate
	5.3 Competitiveness
		5.3.1 International Competitiveness
		5.3.2 Domestic Price Formation
	5.4 Inclusiveness
		5.4.1 Inclusiveness of Small Farmers in Production and Marketing
		5.4.2 Inclusiveness in Post-harvest Management
	5.5 Sustainability
		5.5.1 Financial Sustainability
		5.5.2 Environmental Sustainability
	5.6 Scalability
		5.6.1 Scalability Within GVC
		5.6.2 Scalability Within PVC
		5.6.3 Scalability and Product Diversification: Experiments with Raisins and Arils
	5.7 Access to Finance
		5.7.1 Farmers’ Access to Finance
		5.7.2 Financial Risk Mitigation for Grape and Pomegranate Growers
		5.7.3 Access to Finance for Intermediaries
		5.7.4 Access to Finance for FPOs/FPCs
	5.8 Policy Recommendations
	Annexures
		Annexure 5.1: Calculation of NPC for Indian Grape Exports
		Annexure 5.2: Calculation of NPCs for Indian Pomegranate Exports
		Annexure 5.3: Business as Usual Scenario and Sensitivity Analysis for Grapes
		Annexure 5.4: Business as Usual Scenario and Sensitivity Analysis for Pomegranate
	References
6 Dairy Value Chain
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Overview of the Dairy Sector
		6.2.1 Global Dairy Sector
		6.2.2 Domestic Dairy Sector
		6.2.3 Milk Procurement and Processing
	6.3 Competitiveness
		6.3.1 International Competitiveness
		6.3.2 Domestic Competitiveness
	6.4 Inclusiveness
		6.4.1 Inclusiveness in Dairy Co-operatives
		6.4.2 Inclusiveness in Private and MNC Dairies
	6.5 Sustainability
		6.5.1 Financial Sustainability
		6.5.2 Environmental Sustainability
	6.6 Scalability
	6.7 Access to Finance
		6.7.1 Existing Financial Channels
		6.7.2 Key Financing Sources for Dairy Co-operatives
		6.7.3 Anticipated Investments in Dairy Sector
		6.7.4 Need for Finance at Reasonable Rate for Dairy Farmers
	6.8 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
	References
7 Poultry Value Chain
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Overview of the Poultry Sector
		7.2.1 Global Overview
		7.2.2 Domestic Overview
	7.3 Competitiveness
		7.3.1 International Competitiveness
		7.3.2 Domestic Price Formation
	7.4 Inclusiveness
	7.5 Sustainability
		7.5.1 Financial Sustainability
		7.5.2 Environmental and Epidemiological Implications
	7.6 Scalability
		7.6.1 Vertically Integrated Production Systems and Inflow of Technology
		7.6.2 Availability of Low-Priced and High-Quality Animal Feed in Southern and Western India
	7.7 Access to Finance
	7.8 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
	References
8 Pulses Value Chain- Pigeon Pea and Gram
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Significance of Pulses in India
		8.1.2 Major trends in Consumption and Production of Pulses
		8.1.3 Study Objective
		8.1.4 Study Approach and Methodology
	8.2 Competitiveness of Pulses Value Chain
		8.2.1 Domestic Competitiveness of Pulses Value Chain
		8.2.2 Global Competitiveness of Pulses Value Chain
	8.3 Inclusiveness of Pulses Value Chain
		8.3.1 Irrigated Area under Pulses
		8.3.2 Inclusiveness in Marketing
		8.3.3 Inclusiveness in Access to Risk Mitigation and Financing
		8.3.4 Inclusiveness in Access to Storage and Warehouse Facilities
	8.4 Sustainability of Pulses Value Chain
		8.4.1 Environmental Sustainability
		8.4.2 Financial Sustainability of Pulses
	8.5 Scalability of Pulses Value Chains
		8.5.1 Scope for Diversification in Pulses Production
		8.5.2 Scope for Scaling up Production across States
	8.6 Access to Finance and Risk Mitigation
	8.7 Key Policy Suggestions and Way Forward
	References
9 Further Strengthening Agri-Value Chains in India—Way Forward
	9.1 Technology
	9.2 Markets
	9.3 Institutions
	9.4 Finance
	9.5 Summing Up
	References