Agricultural Nanobiotechnology: Biogenic Nanoparticles, Nanofertilizers and Nanoscale Biocontrol Agents

Front Matter
Copyright
Contributors
Nanobiotechnology: Emerging trends, prospects, and challenges
	Introduction
	Nanobiotechnology and agriculture
		Nanotools in agriculture
		Biomass waste-based nanomaterials and their efficacy
		Nanofertilizers (NFs)
		Nanobiosensors
		Nanopesticides and nanoherbicides
		Nanophoto-semiconductors
		Nanomaterials in drought- and salinity-resistant crop production
		Nanofabrication in agriculture
	Nanomaterials for food and nutrition management
	Delivery of DNA in plants through encapsulated nanomaterials
	Nanomaterials and environmental hazards
		Nanotoxicity
		Nanoremediation
		Nanomaterials and biosafety issues
		Biosynthesis of nanoparticles for green economy
	Challenges in application of nanobiotechnology in agriculture
	Conclusion and future perspectives
	Conflict of interest
	References
Crop-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles and their applications
	Introduction
	Cereals
	Pulses
	Vegetables
	Spices
	Other crops
	Conclusions and future perspectives
	References
Algae-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles and their applications
	Introduction
	Biological synthesis of nanoparticles using algae
		Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)
		Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
		Others
	Agriculture and water management
	Other applications and future prospects
		Antimicrobial activity
		Novel drug delivery systems
		Cancer treatment
	Conclusion
	References
Biogenic nanoparticles from cyanobacteria and their applications
	Introduction
	Screening of cyanobacteria for synthesis of NPs
	Mechanism of cyanobacteria-mediated synthesis of NPs
		Intracellular NP synthesis
		Extracellular NP synthesis
			Biomolecule-mediated synthesis of NP
				Pigments
				Proteins
				Enzymes
				Polysaccharides
			Filtrate of cell biomass
			Media devoid of cells
	Types of NPs synthesized by cyanobacteria
		AuNPs
		AgNPs
		Metal oxide NPs
		Bimetallic NPs
	Characterization of cyanobacteria-mediated NPs
	Applications of cyanobacteria-mediated NPs
		Antimicrobial effects
			Antibacterial effects
			Antifungal effects
			Antialgal effects
		Antitumor effects
		Antioxidation activity
		Photocatalytic effects
		Other uses
	Conclusion and future perspectives
	References
Nanobiotechnology of endophytes
	Introduction
	Endophytes
	Ubiquity of endophytes
	Role of endophytes in plant growth promotion
		Helps in phytostimulation
		Good source of novel and bioactive components
		Antimicrobial property
	Mechanism of plant growth promotion by endophytes
		Indirect mechanisms
			Bioremediation mechanism
			Biocontrol mechanism
			Phytoremediation mechanism
			Plant stress tolerance mechanism
		Direct mechanisms
			Nitrogen fixation mechanisms
			Phosphate solubilization mechanism
			Phytohormone production mechanism
			Siderophore production mechanism
	Nanobiotechnology
	Nanobiotechnology enhancing plant resistance
	Synthesis of nanoparticles by endophytes
	Mechanisms of nanoparticle synthesis using endophytes
	Applications of nanoparticles synthesized by endophytes
		NPs antimicrobial mechanism in phytopathology
		NPs antifungal mechanism in phytopathology
		NPs as nanopesticides
		NPs improving plant resistance
	Conclusions and future perspectives
	Acknowledgment
	References
Metal stress removal and nanotechnology-driven solutions
	Introduction
	Impact of metal stress in plants
	Nanoparticles for metal stress removal
		Cerium
		Titanium dioxide
		Iron
		Zinc oxide
		Sulfur
		Others
	Conclusion and future perspectives
	References
Role of nanoparticles in alleviation of drought stress in plants: Strategy to achieve sustainable agr
	Introduction
	Approaches applied for the mitigation of drought stress
	Application of nanoparticles in drought mitigation
	Uptake, translocation, and accumulation of nanoparticles in plants
	Mitigation of drought stress in plants by nanoparticles
	Nanoparticles-mediated regulation of morphological parameters under drought stress
		Effect on growth parameters
		Effect on pigment content and photosynthesis
		Nanoparticles-mediated mitigation of oxidative stress under drought condition
	Mechanism of action of nanomaterials under abiotic stress
	Conclusion and future perspectives
	Acknowledgments
	References
Nanoparticles for effective management of salinity stress in plants
	Introduction
	Nanostructures for management of salt stress
	Metal nanoparticles
		Copper
		Gold
		Silver
		Titanium
		Others
	Nonmetallic nanoparticles
		Carbon nanotubes and nanohorns
		Graphene and graphene oxide
		Polymeric nanoparticles
		Others
		Conclusions and future perspectives
	References
An overview of application of carbon nanotubes in various agricultural practices
	Introduction
	Overview of the application of nanomaterials in agriculture and food sector
		Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles
		Liposomes
		Dendrimers
		Carbon-related nanomaterials
	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs): Types and structure
	Modification approaches for CNTs using biological molecules
	Agriculture and environmental applications of CNTs
		Effect of CNTs in plant growth and development
		Effect of CNTs in plant-associated soil microbes
		Modified CNTs as biosensors
		CNTs in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance
	Conclusions and future perspectives
	Acknowledgments
	References
Quantum dots as promising nanomaterials in agriculture
	Introduction
	Unraveling the potential of quantum dots (QDs)
		Physiochemical properties of QDs
			Optical properties
			Thermal properties
			Electrical properties
			Photocatalytic properties
		Synthesis procedures and surface passivation for different QDs
			Synthesis methods
			Surface passivation
	Types of QDs
		Composition-based QDs
			Carbon QDs
			Graphene QDs
			Silicon QDs
			II to IV semiconductor QDs
		Structure-based QDs
			Core type QDs
			Core/shell type QDs
			Alloyed-type QDs
	Role of QD in agriculture
		Effect of QDs on plant physiology
		QD for determining soil quality
		Diagnosing plant diseases using QD
		QD for detection of pesticides in agricultural products
		Enhancing the sustainability of greenhouses by QDs
	Mechanism of action of QDs in enhancing crop productivity
		QDs in enhancing photosynthesis
		QDs in controlling stress conditions
	Toxicity profile of QD
	Conclusions and future perspectives
	References
Micro- and nanoencapsulation techniques in agriculture
	Introduction
	Application of nanoencapsulation and microencapsulation techniques in agriculture
		Nanofertilizers
		Nanofungicides
		Nanoherbicides
		Nanopesticides
	Conclusions and future perspectives
	References
Plant essential oil-based nanoemulsions: A novel asset in the crop protection arsenal
	Introduction
	Constituents of essential oil
	Characteristics of nanoemulsions
		Types of emulsions
		Composition
			Oleaginous phase
			Aqueous phase
			Emulsifying agent(s)
	Preparation of nanoemulsions
		High-energy techniques
		Low-energy techniques
	Characterizations of nanoemulsions
		Particle size and distribution
		Viscosity, zeta potential, and pH measurement
		Morphology and stability test
		Retention and contact angle measurement
	Application of nanoemulsions in crop protection
		Activities against macropests
		Activities against meso- and micropests
	Current and future perspectives
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Nanofertilizers for sustainable agriculture
	Introduction
	Nanofertilizer formulation
		Types of nano-fertilizers and release mechanism
		Methods of synthesis
			Physical (top-down)
			Chemical (bottoms-up)
			Biological (bottoms-up)
	Characterization of nanofertilizers
	Basic forms of nanofertilizers
	Method of application
		Soil
		Foliar
	Effect of nanofertilizer on plant growth
	Summary of few recent studies
	Environmental and human health impacts
	Conclusion and future perspectives
	References
Role of engineered nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture and crop production
	Introduction
	Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)
	Soil quality improvement
	Soil restoration
	Suppression of plant diseases
	Interaction with plants and plant growth promoting bacteria
		Direct impact on plant growth
		Effect on soil and plant microbiome
	Regulatory policies
	Conclusion and future perspectives
	Acknowledgment
	References
Nanopesticides for crop protection
	Introduction
	Nanopesticide and disease management of crops
		Directly processing nanosized fungicides
			Nanofungicides extracted from botanicals
			Nanofungicides extracted from the microbes
		Nanoinsecticides
			Plant-derived NPs as insecticides
			Nanoinsecticides extracted from microbes
		Chitosan nanomaterials as pesticides
		Nanoparticles as a nematicide
		Nanobactericides
		Nanomaterials as antiviral agents
		Nanomolluscicides
	Weed management in the crop field using nanoherbicides
		Polymeric nanoparticles
		Inorganic nanoparticles
		Agro-industrial waste-based nanoparticles
		Other nanomaterials
	Pesticides with nanocarriers in delivery systems
		Controlled release systems (CRS)
	Research gap and the future way forward
	Concluding remarks
	References
Nanoherbicides for field applications
	Introduction
	Polymeric nanomaterials
	Other nanomaterials
	Conclusion and future prospects
	Acknowledgment
	References
Nanosensors in agriculture
	Introduction
	Nanosensors in agriculture
		Major types of nanosensors
			Optical nanosensors
			Electrochemical nanosensors
			Nanobiosensors
	Detection of soil quality
	Detection of water quality
	Detection of pesticide residue
	Detection of nutrient availability
	Detection of plant stresses
	Detection of plant pathogens
		Microneedle patches
		Nanopore sequencing platform
		Plant wearables
		Quantum dots
	Conclusions and future perspectives
	References
Regulatory affairs, commercialization, and economic aspects of nanomaterials used for agriculture
	Introduction
	Toxicological impact of using nanotechnology in agriculture
	Regulation for using nanotechnology in agriculture
	Commercial nanoproducts for agricultural applications
	Economical aspects
	Conclusion and future perspectives
	Acknowledgment
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Z