Aggression and Peacefulness in Humans and Other Primates

Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Contributors......Page 14
Introduction......Page 18
Aggression and Violence......Page 19
Three Other Terminological Issues......Page 29
Dominance Relations and Agonistic Activity......Page 30
Use of Long-Term Data......Page 31
Improved Methodology......Page 32
Dominance Consciousness......Page 35
Polyadic Interactions......Page 37
Pro-social Aggression......Page 38
Nonviolent Tactics......Page 39
War and Peace......Page 41
Summary......Page 47
Notes......Page 49
References......Page 50
Introduction......Page 54
Traditional Emphasis in Biology......Page 55
The Statement's Ideological Nature......Page 56
The Paradox of Constructive Aggression......Page 59
Moralistic Aggression in Chimpanzees......Page 60
Aggressive Socialization in Rhesus Monkeys......Page 62
How Relationships Are Maintained......Page 66
Conclusion......Page 69
References......Page 70
3. Dominance Hierarchies as Partial Orders. A New Look at Old Ideas......Page 74
Review......Page 75
Equality......Page 76
Outline of the Procedure......Page 77
The Full Matrix......Page 78
The Old Males......Page 79
The New or "Peripheral" Males......Page 80
The Young Natal Males......Page 81
Matrix Permutation Procedures for Evaluating EQ and SST......Page 82
Conclusion and Prospectus......Page 83
Acknowledgments......Page 84
References......Page 85
Appendix: Dominance Matrices......Page 86
Saimiri: General Adaptations......Page 89
Aggression......Page 90
General Adaptations for Nonaggressive Living......Page 96
Adult Male Aggression......Page 99
Subadult and Young Adult Male Aggression......Page 100
Adult Females and Young......Page 102
Evolutionary Selection and the Costs/Benefits of Aggression......Page 105
Exemplifying the Theory......Page 107
Summary......Page 111
Notes......Page 112
References......Page 113
Introduction......Page 117
Constraints on Aggression......Page 119
Agonistic Behavior......Page 120
Spatial Relations......Page 122
Sexual Behavior......Page 124
Affiliative Relationships......Page 125
Consequences of Nonaggression......Page 127
Summary......Page 129
References......Page 130
Appendix: Research Methodology......Page 132
Introduction......Page 134
Sampling Methods......Page 139
Dominance Relations Among Juveniles......Page 141
Dyadic Relations with Adult Females......Page 142
Support and Aggression Received During Polyadic Interaction......Page 143
Sex-specific Responses to the Challenge of Rank Acquisition......Page 146
Female Determination of Juvenile Rank and Stability of the Adult Hierarchy......Page 147
Taxonomic Differences in Juvenile Male Dominance Relations......Page 151
Future Research......Page 155
Summary......Page 158
Acknowledgments......Page 160
References......Page 161
Introduction......Page 167
Methods......Page 171
Social Activity as a Function of Age......Page 173
Principal Components of Dyadic Activity......Page 174
Development Changes in Social Participation......Page 175
Peer Conflict and Social Dominance Relations......Page 176
Dominance and the Coordination of Affiliative Activity......Page 179
Discussion......Page 182
References......Page 186
Introduction......Page 189
Observational Procedures......Page 191
Results......Page 192
Discussion......Page 200
Summary......Page 203
References......Page 204
Introduction......Page 206
2. Construction of a Model of Waorani Social Relations......Page 207
4. Comparison of Results of Above Operations with Comparable Semai Models Already Derived......Page 208
The Semai......Page 209
The Waorani......Page 210
The Regional Culture of War......Page 213
The Waorani Culture of War......Page 214
Comparative Analysis......Page 215
Differences......Page 216
The End of Warfare......Page 221
Discussion......Page 223
Summary......Page 225
Notes......Page 227
References......Page 228
Topic......Page 231
Definitions of Peaceability......Page 232
Peoples Discussed......Page 236
Introduction......Page 237
"Refuge"......Page 238
Transience of this Adaptation......Page 240
Dualism: Invaders, Refugees, Frontiers......Page 241
Invader Power and Attitudes towards Refugees......Page 242
Refugee Responses: Personal......Page 246
Refugee Responses: Social......Page 252
Origins......Page 254
Destruction of Refuge......Page 257
Destroying the Peace......Page 258
Rise of New Ethnic Identities......Page 259
Cenobites......Page 260
Shared Characteristics......Page 261
Perils of Essentialism......Page 267
The Future of Negative Peaceability......Page 268
Summary......Page 270
Notes......Page 271
References......Page 273
Introduction......Page 288
The Concept of Conflict......Page 289
Measuring Political Violence......Page 290
Hypotheses about Societal Differences in Conflict Behavior......Page 291
Social Structural Hypotheses......Page 292
Psychocultural Hypotheses......Page 294
Analysis......Page 296
Northern Ireland......Page 300
Norway......Page 301
Conclusion......Page 302
Notes......Page 303
References......Page 305
Appendix: Measures and Sources for the Independent Variables......Page 309
Appendix: The Seville Statement on Violence......Page 312
A......Page 316
B......Page 317
D......Page 318
E......Page 319
G......Page 320
M......Page 321
P......Page 322
R......Page 323
S......Page 324
V......Page 325
Z......Page 327