African Development Indicators 2004 (African Development Indicators)

Contents......Page 5
Foreword......Page 23
Acknowledgments......Page 25
Preface......Page 26
Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 27
Introduction......Page 29
1. Selected Background Data......Page 32
1-1. Basic indicators......Page 33
1-2. Population......Page 34
Technical notes......Page 38
2. National Accounts......Page 41
2-1. Gross domestic product, real......Page 43
2-2. Value added in agriculture......Page 44
2-3. Value added in industry......Page 45
2-4. Value added in services......Page 46
2-5. Gross domestic product, nominal......Page 47
2-6. Total consumption......Page 48
2-7. General government consumption......Page 49
2-8. Gross domestic investment......Page 50
2-9. Gross public investment......Page 51
2-10. Gross private investment......Page 52
2-11. Gross domestic savings......Page 53
2-12. Gross national savings......Page 54
2-13. Resource balance......Page 55
2-14. Exports of goods and nonfactor services, nominal......Page 56
2-15. Imports of goods and nonfactor services, nominal......Page 57
2-16. Exports of goods and nonfactor services, real......Page 58
2-17. Imports of goods and nonfactor services, real......Page 59
2-18. GDP growth......Page 60
2-19. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita......Page 61
2-20. Total consumption per capita......Page 62
Technical notes......Page 66
3. Prices and Exchange Rates......Page 69
3-1. GDP deflator (local currency series)......Page 70
3-2. GDP deflator (U.S.dollar series)......Page 71
3-3.  Consumer price index......Page 72
3-4. Official exchange rate......Page 73
3-5. SDR exchange rate index......Page 74
3-6. Currency conversion factor......Page 75
3-7. Parallel market exchange rate......Page 76
3-8. Ratio of parallel market to official exchange rates......Page 77
3-9. Real effective exchange rate index......Page 78
Technical notes......Page 80
4. Money and Banking......Page 83
4-1. Domestic credit......Page 84
4-2. Credit to the private sector......Page 85
4-3. Credit to the government......Page 86
4-4. Net foreign assets......Page 87
4-5. Growth of money supply......Page 88
4-6. Discount rate......Page 89
4-7. Real discount rate......Page 90
4-8. Commercial bank lending rate......Page 91
4-9. Commercial bank deposit rate......Page 92
Technical notes......Page 95
5. External Sector......Page 98
5-1. Merchandise exports, f.o.b.......Page 100
5-2. Merchandise imports, f.o.b.......Page 101
5-3. Exports of total services (nonfactor and factor)......Page 102
5-4. Imports of total services (nonfactor and factor)......Page 103
5-5. Net private transfers......Page 104
5-6. Net official current transfers......Page 105
5-7. Current account balance, excluding net capital grants......Page 106
5-8. Current account balance, excluding net capital grants/GDP......Page 107
5-9. Net capital grants......Page 108
5-10. Net foreign direct investment......Page 109
5-11. Net long-term borrowing......Page 110
5-12. Other capital flows......Page 111
5-13. Use of reserves......Page 112
5-14. Import coverage ratio of reserves......Page 113
5-15. Export unit values......Page 114
5-16. Import unit values......Page 115
5-17. Terms of trade......Page 116
5-18. Forest products exports......Page 117
5-19. Petroleum exports......Page 118
5-20. Copper exports......Page 119
5-21. Iron exports......Page 120
5-22. Phosphates exports......Page 121
5-23. Cocoa exports......Page 122
5-24. Coffee exports......Page 123
5-25. Cotton exports......Page 124
5-26. Groundnut exports......Page 125
5-27. Palm oil products exports......Page 126
5-28. Sisal exports......Page 127
5-29. Tea exports......Page 128
5-30. Sugar exports......Page 129
5-31. Tobacco exports......Page 130
5-32. Meat exports......Page 131
5-33. Manufactured goods exports......Page 132
5-34. Manufactured goods exports, growth......Page 133
5-35. Food imports......Page 134
5-36. Food imports, growth......Page 135
5-37. Nonfood consumer goods imports......Page 136
5-38. Nonfood consumer goods imports, growth......Page 137
5-39. Fuel imports......Page 138
5-40. Fuel imports, growth......Page 139
5-41. Primary intermediate goods imports......Page 140
5-42. Primary intermediate goods imports, growth......Page 141
5-43. Manufactured goods imports......Page 142
5-44. Manufactured goods imports, growth......Page 143
5-45. Capital goods imports......Page 144
5-46. Capital goods imports, growth......Page 145
5-47. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 1992......Page 146
5-48. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 1997......Page 149
5-49. Direction of trade matrix, imports, 2002......Page 152
5-50. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 1992......Page 155
5-51. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 1997......Page 158
5-52. Direction of trade matrix, exports, 2002......Page 161
5-53. Direction of trade matrix, current U.S. dollars, 1992......Page 164
5-54. Direction of trade matrix, current U.S. dollars, 1997......Page 167
5-55 Direction of trade matrix, current U.S. dollars, 2002......Page 170
Technical notes......Page 174
6. External Debt and Related Flows......Page 179
6-1. Gross disbursements: official concessional long-term loans......Page 181
6-2. Gross disbursements: official nonconcessional long-term loans......Page 182
6-3. Gross disbursements: private long-term loans......Page 183
6-4. Disbursements: long-term loans and IMF purchases......Page 184
6-5. Amortization: official concessional long-term loans......Page 185
6-6. Amortization: official nonconcessional long-term loans......Page 186
6-7. Amortization: private long-term loans......Page 187
6-8. Amortization: long-term loans and IMF repurchases......Page 188
6-9. Interest payments: official concessional long-term loans......Page 189
6-10. Interest payments: official nonconcessional long-term loans......Page 190
6-11. Interest payments: private long-term loans......Page 191
6-12. Interest payments: long-term loans and IMF charges......Page 192
6-13. Total external debt service payments: long-term loans and IMF credit......Page 193
6-14. Interest payments: short-term loans......Page 194
6-15. Net flows: long-and short-term loans, including IMF......Page 195
6-16. Net flows: long-term loans, including IMF......Page 196
6-17. Net transfers: long-and short-term loans, including IMF......Page 197
6-18. Net transfers: long-term loans, including IMF......Page 198
6-19. Long-term debt: official concessional......Page 199
6-20. Long-term debt: official nonconcessional......Page 200
6-21. Long-term debt: private......Page 201
6-22. Total external debt......Page 202
6-23. Structure of external debt......Page 203
6-24. Structure of external debt service payments......Page 204
6-25. Average terms of new commitments in 2002......Page 205
6-26. External debt and debt service ratios, 2002......Page 206
Technical notes......Page 209
7. Government Finance......Page 212
7-1. Government deficit/surplus (including grants)......Page 214
7-2. Government deficit/surplus (excluding grants)......Page 215
7-3. Government primary deficit/surplus (–/+)......Page 216
7-4. Government expenditure and lending minus repayments......Page 217
7-5. Government interest payments......Page 218
7-6. Government revenue (excluding grants)......Page 219
7-7. Grants to government......Page 220
7-8. Foreign financing......Page 221
7-9. Taxes on income and profits......Page 222
7-10. Taxes on international trade and transactions......Page 223
7-11. Indirect taxes......Page 224
7-12. Nontax revenue, excluding grants......Page 225
7-13. Government expenditure: wages and salaries......Page 226
7-14. Government expenditure: trends in real wages and salaries......Page 227
7-15. Government expenditure: other goods and services......Page 228
7-16. Government expenditure: interest payments......Page 229
7-17. Government expenditure: subsidies and current transfers......Page 230
7-18. Government expenditure: capital and net lending......Page 231
7-19. Government expenditure: trends in real defense spending......Page 232
7-20. Government expenditure: real per capita education spending......Page 233
Technical notes......Page 235
8. Agriculture......Page 239
8-1. Nominal producer prices......Page 240
8-2. Food price index......Page 246
8-3. Food production index......Page 247
8-4. Nonfood production index......Page 248
8-5. Food production per capita index......Page 249
8-6. Volume of food output, by major food crop......Page 250
8-7. Value of agricultural exports......Page 254
8-8. Cereal production......Page 255
8-9. Crop production index......Page 256
8-10. Fertilizer use......Page 257
8-11. Fertilizer imports......Page 258
8-12. Area under permanent crops......Page 259
8-13. Agricultural yields, by major crop......Page 260
8-14. Incidence of drought......Page 265
Technical notes......Page 271
9. Power, Communications and Transportation......Page 274
9-1. Electric power consumption per capita......Page 275
9-2. Energy production and use......Page 276
9-3. Telephone, radio, and television availability, 1996–2002......Page 277
9-4. Personal computers and Internet use......Page 278
9-5. Vehicle ownership......Page 279
9-6. Road-to-population ratio......Page 280
9-7. Paved primary roads......Page 281
9-8. Rail goods traffic-to-$PPP GDP ratio......Page 282
9-9. Rail load-to-locomotive ratio......Page 283
9-10. Air transport......Page 284
Technical notes......Page 285
10. Privatization of Public Enterprises......Page 288
10-1. Summary of privatization of public enterprises......Page 289
10-2. Divestiture methods employed (to end 2002)......Page 290
10-3. Progress in privatization: ownership and control changes......Page 291
Technical notes......Page 292
11. Labor Force and Employment......Page 295
11-1. Number and gender structure of the labor force......Page 297
11-2. Children under 14 working in the labor force......Page 298
11-3. Unpaid family workers as share of active workers......Page 299
11-4. Industrial structure of the labor force......Page 300
11-5. Industrial structure of economically active population......Page 301
11-6. Wages in agriculture......Page 302
11-7. Wages in manufacturing......Page 303
11-8. Wages in mining and quarrying......Page 304
11-9. Wages in construction......Page 305
11-10. Wages in transport, storage, and communications......Page 306
11-11. Wages in community, social, and personal services......Page 307
Technical notes......Page 308
12.  Aid Flows......Page 312
12-1. Net aid from all donors, nominal......Page 313
12-2. Net aid from DAC donors, nominal......Page 314
12-3. Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors, nominal......Page 315
12-4. Net aid from multilateral donors, nominal......Page 316
12-5. Net aid from all donors, real......Page 317
12-6. Net aid from DAC donors, real......Page 318
12-7. Net aid from non-DAC bilateral donors, real......Page 319
12-8. Net aid from multilateral donors, real......Page 320
12-9. Net aid from all donors as share of recipient GDP......Page 321
12-10. Net aid from DAC donors as share of recipient GDP......Page 322
12-11. Net aid from multilateral donors as share of recipient GDP......Page 323
12-12. Net aid from all donors as share of recipient GDI......Page 324
12-13. Net aid from DAC donors as share of recipient GDI......Page 325
12-14. Net aid from multilateral donors as share of recipient GDI......Page 326
12-15. Net aid per capita from all donors......Page 327
12-16. Net aid per capita from DAC donors......Page 328
12-17. Net aid per capita from multilateral donors......Page 329
Technical notes......Page 332
13. Social Indicators......Page 335
13-1. Age and gender structure of the population......Page 337
13-2. Poverty......Page 338
13-3. Income distribution......Page 339
13-4. Urbanization......Page 340
13-5. Components of population change......Page 341
13-6. Survival prospects......Page 342
13-7 HIV/AIDS estimates and data, end 2001......Page 343
13-8. Immunization and ORT use......Page 344
13-9. Child malnutrition......Page 345
13-10. Access to sanitation facilities......Page 346
13-11. Access to safe water......Page 347
13-12. Health expenditure......Page 348
13-13. Health care......Page 349
13-14. Illiteracy rate......Page 350
13-15. Primary school gross enrollment ratio......Page 351
13-16. Pupil progression......Page 352
13-17. Net primary enrollment ratio......Page 353
13-18. Number of school teachers......Page 354
13-19. Pupil/teacher ratio......Page 355
13-20. Secondary school gross enrollment ratio......Page 356
13-21. Public expenditure on education......Page 357
13-22. Economic opportunities of women......Page 358
13-23. Household and economic participation of women......Page 359
Technical notes......Page 365
14. Environmental Indicators......Page 370
14-1. Forest resources, 1990–2000......Page 372
14-2. Forest ecosystems, 1990–99......Page 373
14-3. Wood production and trade, 1999–2001......Page 374
14-4. Freshwater resources and withdrawals, 1970–2002......Page 375
14-5. Marine and freshwater catches, aquaculture, balance of trade, and fish consumption......Page 376
14-6. Energy production by source......Page 377
14-7. Energy consumption by economic sector......Page 378
14-8. CO2 emissions from industrial processes, 1999......Page 379
14-9. Globally threatened species: mammals, birds, and higher plants, 1992–2002......Page 380
14-10. Globally threatened species: reptiles, amphibians, and fish, 1992–2003......Page 381
14-11. National protection of natural areas, 2003......Page 382
14-12. International protected areas, 2002......Page 383
Technical notes......Page 384
15. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative......Page 390
15-1. HIPC Debt Initiative: flow chart......Page 392
15-2. Grouping of African HIPC countries: status as of July 2003......Page 393
15-3. External debt service for individual African HIPCs that reached decision points, by country, 1998–2005......Page 394
15-4. Committed debt relief and outlook for African HIPCs: status as of July 2003......Page 396
15-5. Poverty-reducing expenditure for African HIPCs that reached decision points......Page 397
Technical notes......Page 400
16. Household Welfare......Page 402
16-1. Burkina Faso......Page 404
16-2. Burundi......Page 405
16-3. Cameroon......Page 406
16-4. Côte d’Ivoire......Page 407
16-5. Ethiopia......Page 408
16-6. Gambia, The......Page 409
16-7. Ghana......Page 410
16-8. Kenya......Page 411
16-9. Madagascar......Page 412
16-10. Malawi......Page 413
16-11. Mozambique......Page 414
16-12. São Tomé and Principe......Page 415
16-13. Uganda......Page 416
16-14. Zambia......Page 417
Technical Notes......Page 418
Bibliography......Page 422
1-1. Development diamonds for all African countries, 2002......Page 35
1-2. Selected basic indicators, 2002......Page 37
2-1. Gross domestic product, 2002......Page 63
2-2. GDP and export growth rates, average 2001–2002......Page 64
2-3. Composition of GDP, 2002......Page 65
3-1. Real effective exchange rate, 2002......Page 79
4-1. Credit to private and public sectors as a share of GDP, 2002......Page 93
4-2. Real discount rate, average 1993 –2002......Page 94
5-1. Terms of trade gains and losses, average 1993–2002......Page 173
6-1. Debt service ratio (ex post), 2002......Page 207
6-2. Debt to GDP ratio, 2002......Page 208
7.1 Government deficit as percentage of GDP, 1993–2002......Page 234
8-1. Food price index, 2001......Page 266
8-2. Food production per capita index, 2002......Page 267
8-3. Food and nonfood production index, 2002......Page 268
8-4. Agricultural exports, 1997......Page 269
8-5. Drought, 1980 –200 3......Page 270
12-1. Total net ODA as a share of recipient GDP, 2002 302......Page 330
12-2. Total net aid per capita, 2002......Page 331
13-1. Life expectancy, 2001......Page 360
13-2. GDP per capita based on PPP, 2002......Page 361
13-3. Urban population as a percentage of total population, 2002......Page 362
13-4. Primary school gross enrollment ratio, 2000......Page 363
13-5. Maternal mortality, 1 999......Page 364
15-1. Nominal debt service relief for African decision point countries......Page 399