Africa's Connection to the Drug Trade (African Political, Economic, and Security Issues)

TITLE PAGE\r......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
1. STATEMENT OF MICHAEL A. BRAUN, BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS - \"CONFRONTING DRUG TRAFFICKING IN WEST AFRICA\"......Page 11
WEST AFRICA ASSUMES AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN  
THE GLOBAL COCAINE TRADE......Page 12
STRATEGIC SECURITY THREATS THAT MAY NOT HAVE 
BEEN CONSIDERED......Page 15
A FEW SUGGESTIONS TO HELP TURN THIS AROUND......Page 17
‘OUT OF AFRICA’......Page 18
2. TESTIMONY OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY   JOHNNIE CARSON, BUREAU OF AFRICAN   AFFAIRS, BEFORE THE SENATE FOREIGN  RELATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS - \"CONFRONTING DRUG   TRAFFICKING IN WEST AFRICA\"......Page 19
A RAPIDLY GROWING PROBLEM......Page 20
USG EFFORTS TO STOP THE DRUG FLOW AND 
OBSTACLES 
......Page 22
3. TESTIMONY OF DOUGLAS FARAH, SENIOR FELLOW, INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY CENTER, BEFORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS -   \"CONFRONTING DRUG TRAFFICKING IN WEST AFRICA\"......Page 27
End Notes......Page 37
OVERVIEW......Page 40
DRUG THREATS IN AFRICA......Page 41
Methamphetamine Precursor Chemicals......Page 42
Narco-terrorism Activity......Page 43
African Investigative Units......Page 44
ONGOING DEA EFFORT TO COUNTER THE AFRICAN 
DRUG THREAT......Page 45
Organizational Attack......Page 46
Financial Attack......Page 47
DEA INVESTIGATIVE SUCCESSES......Page 48
CONCLUSION......Page 51
5. TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM WECHSLER,  \rDEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF  \rDEFENSE, OFFICE OF COUNTERNARCOTICS  \rAND GLOBAL THREATS, BEFORE THE  \rSENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE,  \rSUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS, -  \r\"CONFRONTING DRUG TRAFFICKING IN  \rWEST AFRICA\"......Page 53
SUMMARY......Page 59
INTRODUCTION: THE RISING DRUG TRAFFICKING 
THREAT......Page 61
Confluence of Transnational Drug Syndicates and Other 
Security Threats......Page 63
Potential Links between Drug Trafficking and Terrorist Groups......Page 64
Potential for Narco-Violence?......Page 65
Other Threats to U.S. Foreign Policy Goals......Page 66
Possible Economic Effects......Page 67
Trafficking: Overview......Page 68
REGIONAL VULNERABILITIES......Page 69
Africa......Page 70
Volume......Page 72
Geography of Trafficking......Page 73
Trafficking Patterns and Actors......Page 74
Heroin......Page 76
Cannabis and Cannabis Resin......Page 78
Synthetic Drugs and Precursor Chemicals......Page 83
ILLICIT DRUG USE TRENDS IN AFRICA......Page 85
Push Factors......Page 86
Driving Factors: Two Applied Examples......Page 87
Role of West African Criminal Syndicates......Page 89
U.S. POLICY......Page 91
Interagency Approach......Page 92
Implementation......Page 94
State Department......Page 95
Maritime and Airport Security Assistance......Page 96
Detection, Monitoring, and Interdiction Operation......Page 98
Drug Enforcement Administration Role......Page 99
MULTILATERAL AND REGIONAL EFFORTS TO COMBAT 
DRUG TRAFFICKING IN AFRICA......Page 100
U.N. Office for West Africa......Page 101
International Narcotics Control Board (INCB).......Page 102
European Union  (EU).......Page 103
CONGRESSIONAL ROLE AND POSSIBLE OVERSIGHT 
ISSUES......Page 104
Data Reliability: Implications for Analysis and Policymaking......Page 105
Resource Level and Allocation Considerations......Page 106
Defining Agency Roles and Responsibilities......Page 107
APPENDIX. COCAINE SEIZURES AND AFRICAN 
MEMBERSHIP IN ILLICIT DRUG CONVENTIONS......Page 109
End Notes......Page 117
CHAPTER SOURCES......Page 127
INDEX......Page 129