Aerothermochemistry

Cover......Page 1
Title page......Page 3
Presentación (Spanish)......Page 5
Preface by Th. von Kármán......Page 11
Foreword......Page 13
Contents......Page 16
1.1 Introduction......Page 22
1.2 Thermodynamic functions of an ideal gas......Page 27
1.3 Mixture of gases......Page 32
1.4 Calculation of the thermodynamic functions......Page 37
1.5 Chemical reactions in a mixture of gases......Page 42
1.6 Chemical equilibrium......Page 43
1.7 Case of a mixture of ideal gases......Page 45
1.8 Chemical kinetics......Page 50
References......Page 55
2.1 Introduction......Page 58
2.2 Diffusion......Page 60
2.3 Viscosities......Page 70
2.4 Thermal conductivity......Page 75
References......Page 78
3.1 Introduction......Page 80
3.2 Equation of continuity......Page 82
3.3 Equations of motion......Page 85
3.4 Energy equation......Page 86
3.5 General equations......Page 90
3.6 Entropy variation......Page 91
3.7 One-dimensional motions......Page 93
3.8 Stationary, one-dimensional motions......Page 96
3.9 The case of only two chemical species......Page 98
3.10 Stationary, one-dimensional motion of ideal gases with heat addition......Page 100
3.11 Appendix: Notation and repertoire of vectorial and tensorial formulae......Page 105
References......Page 107
4.1 Detonation and deflagration......Page 110
4.2 Kinds of detonations and deflagrations......Page 112
4.3 Velocity of the burnt gases......Page 115
4.4 Propagation velocity......Page 119
4.5 Applications......Page 121
4.6 Remarks......Page 123
4.7 Indeterminacy of the solution......Page 124
References......Page 125
5.1 Introduction......Page 126
5.2 Wave equations......Page 127
5.3 Characteristic times......Page 131
5.4 Limiting form of the wave equations......Page 132
5.5 Detonations......Page 135
5.6 Deflagrations......Page 144
5.7 Transition from deflagration to detonation......Page 147
References......Page 149
6.1 Introduction......Page 152
6.2 Equation for the combustion wave (two chemical species)......Page 155
6.3 Boundary conditions......Page 156
6.4 Modification of the conditions at the “cold boundary”......Page 158
6.6 Example......Page 161
6.7 Reaction velocity......Page 166
6.8 Flame equations......Page 168
6.9 Solution of the flame equations......Page 169
6.10 Structure of the combustion wave......Page 180
6.11 Ignition temperature......Page 182
6.12 General equations for the combustion wave......Page 183
6.13 Ozone decomposition flame......Page 190
6.14 Hydrazine decomposition flame......Page 197
6.15 Flame propagation in Hydrogen-Bromine mixtures......Page 208
References......Page 224
7.1 Introduction......Page 228
7.2 Turbulent combustion theories......Page 231
7.3 Turbulence generated by the flame......Page 239
References......Page 240
8.1 Introduction......Page 242
8.2 Ignition......Page 243
8.3 Flammability limits......Page 246
References......Page 248
9.2 Conditions that must be satisfied by the jump across a flame front......Page 252
9.3 Normal flame front......Page 256
9.4 Inclined flame front......Page 257
9.5 Entropy jump across the flame front......Page 260
9.6 Vorticity across the flame......Page 263
References......Page 265
10.1 Introduction......Page 266
10.2 Tsien method......Page 271
10.3 Method of Fabri-Siestrunck-Fouré......Page 276
10.4 Cylindrical chambers......Page 279
10.5 Chamber with slowly varying cross-section......Page 280
References......Page 281
11.1 Introduction......Page 282
11.2 Dimensionless parameters of Aerothermochemistry......Page 283
11.3 Scaling of rockets......Page 287
11.4 Scaling of rockets for non-steady conditions......Page 291
11.5 Flame stabilization......Page 295
References......Page 300
12.1 Introduction......Page 302
12.2 General equations for laminar diffusion flames......Page 310
12.3 Boundary conditions on the flame......Page 312
12.4 Simplified equations......Page 313
12.5 Solutions of the simplified system......Page 317
References......Page 319
13.1 Introduction......Page 322
13.2 Atomization......Page 323
13.3 Mixing......Page 325
13.4 Combustion......Page 326
13.5 Notation......Page 328
13.6 Continuity equations......Page 329
13.7 Energy equation......Page 331
13.8 Diffusion equations......Page 334
13.9 Combustion velocity of the droplet......Page 335
13.10 Integration of the equations......Page 337
13.11 Numerical application......Page 340
13.12 Comparison with experimental results and limitations of the theory......Page 343
13.13 Influence of convection......Page 345
13.15 Droplet evaporation......Page 346
13.16 Appendix: Application of Probert’s method......Page 352
References......Page 354
Back-cover......Page 360