Advancing Your Career Concepts of Professional Nursing

Copyright
......Page 5
Preface
......Page 6
Contributors
......Page 8
Reviewers
......Page 9
Acknowledgments
......Page 10
Contents
......Page 12
INTRODUCTION......Page 13
Key Terms
......Page 14
Systematic Theory and Knowledge Base......Page 15
Community Sanction......Page 16
Code of Ethics......Page 17
Professional Culture......Page 18
Educational Background......Page 20
Evidence-Based Practice and Research......Page 21
Collaboration......Page 22
Environmental Health......Page 23
Competing Roles......Page 24
Learning As Empowerment......Page 25
Your Learning Style......Page 26
Taking Examinations......Page 28
YOUR PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING......Page 29
Key Points
......Page 30
References
......Page 31
Bibliography
......Page 32
Online Resources
......Page 33
Key Terms
......Page 34
TERMINOLOGY IN THEORY AND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS......Page 35
THEORY DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION......Page 37
THEORIES FROM OUTSIDE OF NURSING......Page 38
Maslow’s Theory of Human Motivation and Hierarchy of Basic Needs......Page 39
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT......Page 41
MORAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 42
SYSTEMS THEORY......Page 43
THEORETICAL CHALLENGES AND A PARADIGM SHIFT......Page 45
THE IMPACT OF THEORY ON PRACTICE......Page 46
Key Points
......Page 47
References
......Page 48
Online Resources
......Page 49
Key Terms
......Page 50
Conceptual Models of Nursing......Page 51
DOROTHY JOHNSON’S BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL......Page 52
IMOGENE KING’S CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM......Page 53
MYRA LEVINE’S CONSERVATION MODEL......Page 55
BETTY NEUMAN’S SYSTEMS MODEL......Page 56
DOROTHEA OREM’S SELF-CARE FRAMEWORK......Page 58
MARTHA ROGERS’ SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEINGS......Page 60
CALLISTA ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL......Page 61
Nursing Grand Theories......Page 63
MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY......Page 64
MARGARET NEWMAN’S THEORY OF HEALTH AS EXPANDING CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 66
ROSEMARIE PARSE’S THEORY OF HUMANBECOMING......Page 67
Middle-Range Theories......Page 69
ADVANTAGES OF USING FORMAL NURSING KNOWLEDGE......Page 71
SELECTING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OR NURSING GRAND THEORY FOR PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE......Page 72
Key Points
......Page 73
References
......Page 74
Key Terms
......Page 76
Primary Prevention......Page 77
THEORIES OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS......Page 78
Health Belief Model......Page 79
Health Promotion Model......Page 81
Chronic Illness Model......Page 83
Holism......Page 85
CULTURAL INFLUENCE ON HEALTH PERCEPTIONS......Page 87
CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY......Page 89
THE PROCESS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN THE DELIVERY OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES MODEL......Page 90
THE PURNELL MODEL FOR CULTURAL COMPETENCE......Page 91
Example 2......Page 93
Key Points
......Page 94
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 95
References
......Page 96
Bibliography
......Page 97
Online Resources
......Page 98
Key Terms
......Page 99
THE EVOLUTION OF NURSING RESEARCH......Page 100
The Growing Significance of Nursing Research......Page 101
Safety, Health, and Welfare......Page 102
ANA Guidelines......Page 104
The Empirical Method......Page 105
THE ROAD TO EVIDENCEBASED PRACTICE......Page 107
Objective Evaluation......Page 110
Subjective Evaluation: Incorporating Evidence-Based Practice......Page 113
ELIMINATING BARRIERS TO EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING PRACTICE......Page 114
Key Points
......Page 115
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 116
Bibliography
......Page 117
Online Resources
......Page 118
SECTION II: Critical Abilities in Professional Nursing Practice
......Page 119
Key Terms
......Page 120
Shannon-Weaver Model......Page 121
Leary Model......Page 122
RELATIONSHIPS......Page 123
CONTEXTS......Page 124
Verbal Communication......Page 125
CLARITY, TIMING, AND RELEVANCE......Page 126
CULTURAL VARIATIONS......Page 127
KINESICS......Page 128
ACTIVE LISTENING......Page 129
OTHER THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES......Page 130
COMMUNICATION WITH COLLEAGUES......Page 131
Workplace Collaboration......Page 133
Key Points
......Page 134
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 135
Bibliography
......Page 136
Online Resources
......Page 137
Key Terms
......Page 138
CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING......Page 139
Definitions......Page 141
Descriptions......Page 142
DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS......Page 144
THE NURSING PROCESS AND CRITICAL THINKING......Page 145
References
......Page 149
Bibliography
......Page 150
Online Resources
......Page 151
Key Terms
......Page 152
GROUP STRUCTURE......Page 153
Effective Groups......Page 154
EVALUATING EFFECTIVENSS OF GROUPS......Page 155
FORMING......Page 156
ADJOURNING......Page 157
LEADERSHIP TASKS AND SKILLS......Page 158
FUNCTIONAL GROUP ROLES......Page 160
NONFUNCTIONAL GROUP ROLES......Page 161
Interorganizational Versus Intraorganizational Groups......Page 162
Communication in Organizational Groups......Page 163
Virtual Group Meetings......Page 164
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 165
Online Resources
......Page 166
Key Terms
......Page 167
Behaviorism: Classical Conditioning......Page 168
Gestalt Theory......Page 169
HUMANISM......Page 170
Adult Learning Theories......Page 171
Multiple Intelligences Theory......Page 172
TEACHING AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES......Page 173
Learning......Page 174
COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLES......Page 175
READINESS AND LEARNING......Page 176
Applicability and Acceptability......Page 177
COGNITIVE PROCESSES DIMENSION......Page 178
Planning for Learning......Page 180
Teaching Strategies and Methods......Page 181
Evaluation of Outcomes......Page 183
Key Points
......Page 186
References
......Page 187
Online Resources
......Page 188
Key Terms
......Page 189
Intricacies of an Organization......Page 190
Leadership and Management......Page 191
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES......Page 192
Organic Organizations......Page 193
Product Structure......Page 195
Matrix Structure......Page 196
ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS......Page 198
Management Theories......Page 199
Nursing Management......Page 201
Leadership Competencies......Page 202
Leadership in Nursing......Page 204
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE......Page 205
Nursing Leadership......Page 206
Collaboration and Interdisciplinary Relationships......Page 207
COMMUNICATION UNIQUE TO ORGANIZATION......Page 208
Power......Page 209
Negotiation......Page 210
Principles of Delegation......Page 211
Process of Delegation......Page 212
Key Points
......Page 213
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 214
References
......Page 215
Bibliography
......Page 216
Online Resources
......Page 217
Key Terms
......Page 218
Lewin......Page 219
Lippitt......Page 220
ROLE OF CHANGE AGENT......Page 221
ROLE OF CHANGE AGENT......Page 222
UNFREEZING, MOVING, REFREEZING......Page 223
The Transtheoretical Approach......Page 224
THE INDIVIDUAL AS THE CHANGE AGENT......Page 225
Bridges......Page 226
CHANGE AGENTS......Page 227
Moving......Page 228
Resistance to Change......Page 230
HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE......Page 231
Organizational Change Suggestions......Page 234
Key Points
......Page 236
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 237
Online Resources
......Page 238
Key Terms
......Page 239
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES......Page 240
CODE OF ETHICS......Page 241
MAKING ETHICAL DECISIONS......Page 242
Key Points
......Page 249
References
......Page 250
Online Resources
......Page 251
SECTION III: Quality Care for Individual, Families and Groups
......Page 253
Key Terms
......Page 254
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES......Page 255
Deming’s Principles for Transformation......Page 257
THE 14 POINTS FOR MANAGEMENT......Page 258
Juran Trilogy......Page 259
QUALITY CONTROL......Page 260
Monitoring and Evaluation as a Goal of Accreditation......Page 261
Quality as Strategy......Page 262
Transition from Quality Assurance to Continuous Quality Improvement......Page 263
A CALL TO SAFETY......Page 264
Healthcare Safety Initiatives......Page 266
Process Teams......Page 268
TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION......Page 269
DEVELOPING A MEASUREMENT PROGRAM......Page 271
Understanding Variation......Page 272
Ongoing Role for Regulatory Agencies......Page 273
Key Points
......Page 274
References
......Page 275
Bibliography
......Page 276
Online Resources
......Page 277
Key Terms
......Page 278
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000......Page 279
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010......Page 281
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020......Page 284
OUR AGING POPULATION......Page 285
RESIDENTIAL CHANGES......Page 287
MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS OF AGING ADULTS......Page 288
LAY CAREGIVERS......Page 289
ELDER ABUSE......Page 290
Addressing the Disparities......Page 291
RURAL HEALTH......Page 293
RURAL HEALTH CLINICS......Page 294
COMMUNITY NURSING IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTHY PEOPLE......Page 295
Key Points
......Page 297
References
......Page 298
Bibliography
......Page 300
Online Resources
......Page 301
Key Terms
......Page 302
OVERVIEW OF NURSING INFORMATICS......Page 303
TRANSFORMATION OF DATA TO INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE, AND WISDOM......Page 305
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS......Page 306
Standardized Nursing Language......Page 307
Electronic Health Record......Page 309
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS......Page 310
Database Management......Page 311
Telehealth......Page 312
NURSING INFORMATICS: THE SPECIALTY......Page 313
Positions in Healthcare Organizations......Page 314
DOCUMENTING OUTCOMES......Page 315
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 317
References
......Page 318
Online Resources
......Page 319
Key Terms
......Page 321
THE AMERICAN SYSTEM OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY: AN OVERVIEW......Page 322
CONSUMER CONCEPTUALIZATION......Page 323
THE INFLUENCE OF DELIVERY SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ON DEMAND......Page 324
A Hybrid System of Supply and Demand......Page 325
Role of Third-Party Payers......Page 326
Payment Systems......Page 327
CAPITATED SYSTEM......Page 328
FINANCIAL RISKS FOR THE CONSUMER OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES......Page 329
Major Participants of Managed Care......Page 330
HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION......Page 331
POINT-OF-SERVICE PLAN......Page 332
THE COST-QUALITY TRADEOFF......Page 333
Policies to Improve Quality......Page 334
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT......Page 335
HEALTHCARE REFORM......Page 336
THE FEDERAL SCHIP PROGRAM......Page 337
INDIVIDUAL STATE INITIATIVES......Page 338
Policies to Contain Cost......Page 339
HEALTHCARE REFORM PAYMENT INITIATIVES......Page 340
SOCIAL IMPACTS ON HEALTHCARE ECONOMICS......Page 342
Key Points
......Page 343
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 344
References
......Page 345
Online Resources
......Page 346
Key Terms
......Page 347
EXECUTIVE BRANCH......Page 348
State and Local Systems......Page 349
Congressional Committees......Page 350
How a Bill Becomes a Law......Page 351
Impact of Laws......Page 352
Nurse Practice Acts......Page 353
Additional State and Federal Laws Affecting Nursing Practice......Page 354
Professional Organizations......Page 355
GAINING SKILL IN POLITICAL EFFICACY......Page 356
Government......Page 357
Key Points
......Page 359
References
......Page 360
Online Resources
......Page 361
Key Terms
......Page 362
HEALTHCARE POLICY......Page 363
MARKET JUSTICE AND THE BUSINESS OF HEALTHCARE......Page 364
THE PUBLIC/PRIVATE MODEL OF AMERICAN HEALTHCARE......Page 365
Competition and the Regulation of Healthcare......Page 366
Business’ Influence on Healthcare......Page 367
HEALTH DISPARITIES......Page 368
EVOLVING NURSING ROLES......Page 369
Key Points
......Page 371
References
......Page 372
Online Resources
......Page 373
Key Terms
......Page 374
The Institute of Medicine Quality Chasm......Page 375
THE PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT......Page 377
COLLABORATION......Page 380
COMPETENCE......Page 381
TAKING THE LEAD......Page 383
INVOLVEMENT......Page 384
EMBRACING CHANGE......Page 385
Key Points
......Page 386
Thought and Discussion Questions
......Page 387
References
......Page 388
Bibliography
......Page 389
APPENDIX A: Professional Nursing Organizations
......Page 390
APPENDIX B: Nursing Diagnoses Categorized by Major Functional Health Patterns
......Page 394
NURSING INTERVENTIONS CLASSIFICATION (NIC)......Page 397
NURSING OUTCOMES CLASSIFICATION (NOC)......Page 402
Core Outcomes for Nursing Specialty Areas......Page 406
References
......Page 407
Index......Page 408