Advances of Science and Technology: 9th EAI International Conference, ICAST 2021 Hybrid Event, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, August 27–29, 2021 Proceedings, Part II

Preface
Conference Organization
Contents – Part II
Contents – Part I
Civil, Water Resources, and Environmental Engineering
Investigation of Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Coarse Aggregate and Waste Glass Powder
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Material Preparation
		2.2 Chemical Test
		2.3 Mix Proportion of Concrete Mixes
		2.4 Concrete Casting and Curing
		2.5 Compressive Strength Testing
		2.6 Data Analysis of Test Results
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Workability of Concrete Mixes
		3.2 Compressive Strength
	4 Conclusion
	References
Application of Potential Based Cohesive Model for Analysis of Concrete Fracture
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 PPR Implementation in ABAQUS
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Validation of the PPR Model
		3.2 Effect of Shape Parameters
		3.3 Effect of Fracture Energy
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluations of Shallow Groundwater Recharges and Water Use Practices at Robit Watershed
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Research Methods
		2.1 Description of the Study Area
		2.2 Remote Sensing Data Processing
		2.3 River Discharge Data Collection
		2.4 Water Abstraction Survey
		2.5 Determination of Crop Water and Irrigation Water Requirement
		2.6 Descriptions of QSWAT Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Land Use Map of the Study Area
		3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
		3.3 Calibration and Validation QSWAT Model
		3.4 Spatial Variability of Irrigation Water Requirement
		3.5 Estimation of Water Used for Irrigation
		3.6 Estimation of Water Used for Livestock
		3.7 Estimation of Water Used for Domestic Purposes
		3.8 Estimation of Total Water Abstractions for the Watershed
		3.9 Base Flow (Return Flow)
		3.10 Availability of Groundwater Recharge
		3.11 The Interaction of Ground Water Use and Availability
		3.12 Discussions and Comparison of the Current Study with the Other Studies
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Produced from Recycled Fine Aggregate
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Experimental Design
		2.1 Material Preparation and Properties
		2.2 Mix Design
		2.3 Test Methods for Materials
		2.4 Experimental Design
		2.5 Mixing and Testing Methods for Concrete
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Workability of Concrete Produced from Recycled Concrete Aggregate
		3.2 Compressive Strength Test
		3.3 Cost Comparison
	4 Conclusions
	References
Prediction of Irrigation Water Supply Using Supervised Machine Learning Models in Koga Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Description of the Study Area
		2.2 Field Investigation and Data Collection
		2.3 Developing Models
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Model Building and Variable Importance
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Reinforcement Shear Connectors in Load Bearing Capacity of Partially Encased Composite Beams
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Numerical Modeling and Validation
		2.2 Composite Beam Parametric Tests
			2.2.1 Flange Length Effect
			2.2.2 Location of Shear Connector
			2.2.3 Web Height Effect
		2.3 Composite Beam Comparative Tests
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Validation Results
		3.2 Parametric Modeling Results
			3.2.1 Mesh Sensitivity Analysis
			3.2.2 Flange Length of Shear Connectors
			3.2.3 Location of Shear Connector
			3.2.4 Web Height Effect of the Shear Connectors
		3.3 Replacement of Headed Stud Shear Connector
	4 Conclusion
	References
Lake Level Fluctuation Impact on River Morphology Change
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Description of Study Area
		2.2 Data Formatting and Preparation
	3 Results
		3.1 One Dimensional Steady Flow Analysis
		3.2 Back Water Profile Computation
	4 Discussions
		4.1 River Response to Lake Back Water Effect
		4.2 Effect of Dyke Construction on Channel Aggradation
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Analyzing Seasonal Change of Water Quality Characteristics of Finote Selam Town Drinking Water Sources, Amhara, Ethiopia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Study Design
		2.3 Sample Size and Sample Collection
		2.4 Physicochemical Analysis
		2.5 Microbiological Analysis
		2.6 Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources
		3.2 Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water Sources
	4 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics on Stream Flow: A Case of Borkena Watershed, Awash Basin, Ethiopia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Description of the Study Area
		2.2 Method and Material
		2.3 Data Processing and Analysis
		2.4 SWAT Model Set-Up and Simulation
		2.5 Evaluation of Streamflow Variability Due to LULC Change
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Land Use Land Cover Change Analysis
		3.2 Streamflow Modeling
		3.3 Evaluation of Streamflow Due to Land Use Land Covers Change
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	Author Contributions
	References
Application of in Situ Thermal Imaging to Estimate Crop Water Stress and Crop Water Requirements for Wheat in Koga Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Description of the Study Area
		2.2 Description of Irrigation Scheduling Tools
		2.3 Experimental Design and Treatment Setting
		2.4 Data Collection
		2.5 Data Analysis
		2.6 Statistical Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Irrigation Depth Applied Under Different Irrigation Treatments
		3.2 Variation in CWSI Between Irrigation Treatments
		3.3 Relationship Between CWSI, Soil Water Status and Stomatal Conductance
		3.4 Estimated Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc)
		3.5 Irrigation Water Productivity
		3.6 Estimated Gross Irrigation Requirement
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Effect of Glass Fiber on Fracture Energy of Plain Concrete
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Procedures
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effects Observed During the Experimental Periods
	4 Conclusions
	References
Assessment of Flood Hazard Areas Using Remote Sensing and Spatial Information System in Bilate River Basin, Ethiopia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Description of Study Area
		2.2 Source of Data Used
		2.3 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Design Rainfall of 50 Years Return Period
		3.2 Curve Number (CN)
		3.3 The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
		3.4 Topography (Slope)
		3.5 Distance from Drainage Network
		3.6 Population Density (Inhabitants/km2)
		3.7 Result of Weighted Overlay Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Torsional Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete: A Review
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Material and Its Effect on Concrete Structures
		1.2 Research Significance
	2 Failure and Analysis Highlight
	3 Effect of SFRC in Torsional Members
		3.1 Concrete or Matrix Strength
		3.2 Fiber Aspect Ratio
		3.3 Fiber Volume Ratio
		3.4 Steel Fiber as a Reinforcement Option
	4 Conclusion
	References
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Performance Analysis of Cotton Seed Biodiesel in Diesel Vehicle on Chassis Dynamometer
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Biodiesel Production
			2.2.1 Transesterification of Cotton Seed Oil
			2.2.2 Characterization of Cotton Seed Biodiesel
			2.2.3 Experimental Facilities for the Test
			2.2.4 Emission and Performance Test Procedure in Diesel Vehicle
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Oil Content from Extraction
		3.2 Production of Biodiesel
		3.3 Results from Emission Test
		3.4 Vehicle Performance Test
		3.5 Engine Performance Curves for Diesel and Biodiesel Blend
	4 Conclusions
	References
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Spray Process of Resin Over a Laid Up Fiber Stack for the Purpose of Fiber Impregnation and Composite Materials Manufacturing
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 General Model Setup
		2.2 CFD Modeling Setup up for the Spray
		2.3 Mesh Generation and Analysis Mesh Generation and Analysis
		2.4 Governing Equations
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Performance Evaluation of Locally Fabricated Public Water Cooler
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Comparisons of Theoretical and Experimental Results
		3.2 Comparison of Previse Investigation with the New Study
	4 Conclusion
	References
Recycled Polymer for FDM 3D Printing Filament Material: Circular Economy for Sustainability of Additive Manufacturing
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Plastic Solid Wastes and Its Management Techniques
		2.1 Plastic Solid Wastes
		2.2 Plastic Waste Environmental Pollution
		2.3 Plastic Waste Management
	3 Polymers for FDM Additive Manufacturing
		3.1 Commonly Used Polymers for FDM Additive Manufacturing
		3.2 Mechanical Recycling of Waste Plastic for 3D Printing Filament
		3.3 Recycled Plastics for FDM Filament Material – State of the Art
		3.4 Additives for Recycled Filament Manufacturing
		3.5 Degradation of Polymers
	4 Conclusion and Future Outlook
	References
Integrating Sustainability Measures and Practices in the Ethiopian Industrial Parks: From Review to Conceptual Model
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Sustainability and Its Measures
		2.2 Sustainable Practices: Lean and Green
	3 Methodological Approach and Theory Building
		3.1 Methodological Approach
		3.2 Theory Building: Dynamic Capabilities
	4 Sustainability Measures and the Existing Situation in EIP
		4.1 Environmental Measures
		4.2 Social Measures
		4.3 Economic Measures
	5 Proposed Conceptual Model
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Reducing Long-Run Average Planned Maintenance Cost Using Markov Decision Modelling Based on Shifting Paradigm and Penalty Model
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Recent Literatures
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Cause Description and Modeling
		4.1 Discrete Markov Chain as Stochastic Modelling
		4.2 Deterioration Model
		4.3 Decision Model
		4.4 The Paradigm of Shifting
		4.5 Maintenance Policy
	5 Experimentation and Verification
		5.1 Input Data
		5.2 Model Verification
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Development and Performance Testing of Rice Thresher for Fogera Hub Farmers in Ethiopia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Process and Potential Remedies for Its Defects: A Review
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Rationale
		1.2 Method
	2 Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Process
		2.1 Steps of the Metal Injection Molding Process
			2.1.1 Feedstock Preparation
			2.1.2 Injection Molding
			2.1.3 Debinding
			2.1.4 Sintering
		2.2 Materials and Applications of MIM
	3 MIM Defects and Remedies
		3.1 Problem of Feedstock Preparation
		3.2 Molding Defects
		3.3 Debinding Defects
			3.3.1 Thermal Debinding
			3.3.2 Solvent Debinding
			3.3.3 Catalytic Debinding
		3.4 Sintering Defect
	4 Future Works
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Advancement of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Silicon Carbide Particles (Al-6061/SiCp): A Review
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objectives of the Review
		1.2 Basics of Composite Materials
		1.3 Aluminum Matrix
		1.4 Reinforcements
		1.5 Manufacturing Techniques of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Previous Research Works on Al-6061/SiCp Composites
	4 Recommendation and Future Works
	5 Conclusion
	References
Material Science and Engineering
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Ballistic Impact on Sandwich Composite Materials
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Analysis of Composite for Ballistic Effect
		2.2 Finite Element Examination of Composites for Ballistic Impact
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Investigate the Effects of Fiber Surface Chemical Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polyester Resin Composites
	Abstract
	1 Introductions
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Treatment Methods
			2.1.1 NaOH Treatment of Bamboo Fiber
			2.1.2 NaOH (10 Vol%) Plus Corn Starch Soaking Treatment of Bamboo Fiber
		2.2 Experimental Setup for Tensile Test
		2.3 Finite Element (FE) Analysis Using ABAQUS CAE
		2.4 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Experiment
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Tensile Test Experimental Measurements and Results
		3.2 Finite Element (FE) Analysis Results Using ABAQUS CAE
		3.3 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Analysis Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigation of Halide Ion Release Tunnels of Haloalcohol Dehalogenase from Agrobacterium Radiobacter AD1; Computational Study
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Annealing on the Photoluminescence Intensity of Gehlenite:Eu Doped Phosphor Prepared in Different Gas Atmospheres
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedures
		2.1 Preparation of Gehlenite: Eu Doped Glassy Powders
		2.2 Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Energy Science, Engineering and Policy
Investigation of Solar Chimney Power Plant and Experimental Analysis of Energy Yield from Small Size Draft Tube and Solar Collector
	Abstract
	1 Background
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Optimization of Solar Chimney Power Plant for Different Geometrical Size
		3.2 CFD Analysis of Solar Chimney Power Plant with Same Geometrical Size to the Experiment
		3.3 Actual Prototype Experimental Result
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	Competing Interest
	References
Design and Manufacturing of an Institutional Mirt Stove with Waste Heat Recovery System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Model of Waste Heat Recovery System Components
		2.2 Working Principle of the Experimental Model
		2.3 Manufacturing of Stove Model
		2.4 Performance Testing of Improved Stove
		2.5 Economic Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Equivalent Dry Wood Consume
		3.2 Specific Fuel Consumption
		3.3 Cooking Time
		3.4 Baking of Injera on Secondary Mitad
		3.5 Techno-Economic Evaluation of Improved Institutional Mirt Stove
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
Experimental Investigation of Double Exposure Solar Cooker with an Asymmetric Compound Parabolic Concentrator
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Design and Description of the Developed Solar Cooker
			2.1.1 Cooking Load
			2.1.2 Box Casing
			2.1.3 Glazing
			2.1.4 Reflector
		2.2 Experimental Setup
	3 Thermal Performance Parameters
		3.1 First Figure of Merit
		3.2 Second Figure of Merit
		3.3 Cooking Power
		3.4 Thermal Efficiency
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Stagnation Test
		4.2 Load Test (Water Heating Test)
		4.3 Food Cooking Test
		4.4 Thermal Efficiency
	5 Cost and Affordability
	6 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Exergy and Economic Analysis of Modified Mixed Mode Solar Injera Dryer
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Experimental Procedure
		2.3 Energy Analysis of Modified Solar Dryer
		2.4 Exergy Analysis
		2.5 Economic Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Performance of Modified Dryer
		3.2 Energy Performance of the Solar Dryer
		3.3 Embodied Energy
		3.4 Exergy Analysis Result of the Modified Dryer
		3.5 Annualized Cost
		3.6 Life Cycle Savings
		3.7 Payback Period
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Energy Management Control System for Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Sources
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Proposed Hybrid System
	3 Energy Demand
	4 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for the Hybrid System
	5 Simulation Result and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of Thermal and Emissions Performance on Three Stoves for Distilling Areke, A Traditional Ethiopian Beverage
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Description of the Areke Stove
		2.2 Mold Developed for Mirt Areke Stove
		2.3 Firewood Characterization
		2.4 Experimental Setup for Areke Stove
		2.5 Performance Cacluations
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Specific Fuel Consumption
		3.2 Average Brewing/Cooking Time
		3.3 Indoor Air Pollution
	4 Conclusion
	References
Challenges and Prospects of Hydro-Pumps for Small Scale Irrigation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Small Scale Irrigation
		2.2 Pump Power for Irrigation
		2.3 Pumps Suitable for PaT Application
	3 Methods
		3.1 Assessment Areas
		3.2 Sampling Method and Sample Sizes
		3.3 Data Collection Methods
		3.4 Data Analysis
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Assessment Findings
		4.2 Comparative Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical and Experimental Performance Investigation of Vertical-Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Hydrodynamics Model
		2.2 Analytical Performance Predication of Vertical-Axis Hydrokinetic Turbines
		2.3 Experimental Setup and Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 DMST Performance Evaluation
		3.2 Experimental Performance Evaluation
		3.3 Compression of DMST and Experimental Performance with Reference Turbine
	4 Conclusions
	References
Artificial Intelligence Based Security Constrained Economic Dispatch of Ethiopian Renewable Energy Systems: A Comparative Study
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Ethiopian Renewable Energy Systems
		2.1 Generation Capacity
		2.2 Demand Forecast
		2.3 Power Mismatch
	3 SCED Mathematical Formulation
		3.1 Objective Functions
		3.2 Constraint Functions
	4 Artificial Intelligence Methods
		4.1 Hopfield Neural Networks (HNN)
		4.2 Efficient Parallel Genetic Algorithm(EPGA)
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Facile Preparation and Electrochemical Investigations of Copper-Ion Doped α-MnO2 Nanoparticles
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Chemicals
		2.2 Preparation of α-MnO2 Electrocatalysts
		2.3 Characterization Techniques
		2.4 Electrochemical Measurements
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Structural Analysis
		3.2 Functional Group Study
		3.3 Thermal Properties
		3.4 Electrochemical Property Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	Conflicts of Interest
	References
Performance and Stability of Halide Perovskite Solar Cells in Bahir Dar Climatic Conditions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Device Preparation
		2.2 Device Characterisation
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 J-V Characteristics of the Device Under Dark Current Measurement
		3.2 J-V Sweep of the Device with Outdoor Illuminations, Forward and Reverse Scans (from 12 PM–1 PM)
		3.3 J-V Sweep of the Device with Outdoor Illuminations, Cycle Scan (from 12 PM–1 PM)
		3.4 Device Performance and Stability Test Summary
		3.5 Steady State Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	Acknowledgements
	References
Numerical Investigations of Variable Pitch Straight-Bladed H-Darrieus VAWT
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Aerodynamic Analysis of H-Darrieus Rotor
		2.1 Double Multiple Stream Tube (DMST) Analysis
		2.2 Computational Analysis
	3 Methodology
		3.1 DMST Model Solver Procedure
		3.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Method
		3.3 Models Validation
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Effect of Airfoil and Reynolds Number
		4.2 Turbine Loading Conditions
		4.3 The Turbine Self-starting
		4.4 The Moment Coefficient (Cm) of the Turbine
		4.5 Pressure Distributions of the Turbine Blades
	5 Conclusion
	References
Author Index