Advances of Science and Technology: 9th EAI International Conference, ICAST 2021 Hybrid Event, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, August 27–29, 2021 Proceedings, Part I

Preface
Conference Organization
Contents – Part I
Contents – Part II
Chemical, Food and Bioprocess Engineering
Synthesis, Optimization and Characterization of Pulp from Banana Pseudo Stem for Paper Making via Soda Anthraquinone Pulping Process
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Proximate and Chemical Compositions Analysis
		3.2 Analyses of Pseudo Stem Fiber Morphology
		3.3 Pulp Yield and Kappa Number
		3.4 Process Parameters Investigation on Pulp Yield and Kappa Number
		3.5 FTIR Analysis of Pseudo Stem and Pulp
		3.6 Sheet Making and Testing
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Toasting and Natural Fermentation on the Phytochemical and Functional Properties of Oats Grown in Ethiopia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Sample Collection
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Determination of Phytochemicals
		2.4 Determination of Functional Properties
		2.5 Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Toasting and Fermentation on Phytochemicals
		3.2 Effect of Toasting and Fermentation on Functional Properties
		3.3 Correlation Between Phytochemicals and DPPH Antioxidant Activity of Oats
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Correlation of UV Assisted Fenton Process and Fenton Process for Removal of Reactive Red 2(RR2) Dye Color from Wastewater
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Fenton Process
		1.2 Photo-Fenton and Related Processes
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Chemicals and Equipment’s
		2.2 Preparation of Stock Solution
		2.3 Experimental Design and Description
		2.4 Preparation of Standard Solution
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Effect of H2O2 Concentration
		3.2 Effect of Ferrous Ion (Fe+2) Concentration
		3.3 Effect of RR2 Initial Concentration
	4 Conclusions and Recommendations
		4.1 Conclusions
		4.2 Recommendation
	References
Isolation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Eragrostesis Teff Straw
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Proximate and Chemical Composition Analysis of Raw Material
		2.2 Extraction of Cellulose
		2.3 Isolation of Microcrystalline Cellulose
		2.4 Characterization of Cellulose Microcrystalline
			2.4.1 Yield Determination
			2.4.2 PH Determination
			2.4.3 Particle Size Analysis
			2.4.4 Determination of Water-Soluble Substance
			2.4.5 Determination of Hydration Capacity
			2.4.6 Moisture Sorption Capacity
			2.4.7 Loss on Drying
			2.4.8 Functional Group Analysis
			2.4.9 Crystallinity Analysis
			2.4.10 Thermogravimetry Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Proximate and Chemical Composition Analysis
		3.2 Characterization of Cellulose Microcrystalline
			3.2.1 Functional Group Analysis
			3.2.2 Crystallinity Index Analysis
			3.2.3 Thermogravimetry Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Process Revamping of H2SO4 Plant to Double Contact Double Absorption (DCDA) Using ASPEN HYSYS to Reduce SO2 Emission: Case of Awash Melkassa Sulfuric Acid Factory
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 The Proposed Intermediate Absorption
		2.3 Reactions Package
		2.4 Fluid Package
		2.5 Simulation of Feed Conditions
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Column Design Analysis
		3.2 Effect of Inlet Temperature on SO3 Absorption
		3.3 The Effect of Different Types of Recycles Setup
		3.4 Effect of Split Ratio on the Amount of SO2
		3.5 Trade-off Between Emission Reduction and Utility Consumption
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Blend Ratio on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Agro Stone Composite Caulking Materials
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Fabrication of Mold
		2.3 Sample Preparation
		2.4 Setting Times Determination
			2.4.1 1Initial Setting Time Determined by the Penetration Depth
			2.4.2 Final Setting Time
		2.5 Water Absorption Test
		2.6 Specific Gravity
		2.7 Mechanical Properties
			2.7.1 Compressive Strength Test
			2.7.2 Flexural Strength Test
			2.7.3 Tensile Strength Test
		2.8 Determination of Free Chlorine
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Magnesium Chloride Solution Specific Gravity
		3.2 Water Absorption
		3.3 Mechanical Properties
			3.3.1 Compressive Strength
			3.3.2 Flexural Strength
			3.3.3 Tensile Strength Test
		3.4 Results of Free Chloride in Caulking Material
	4 Conclusion
	5 Recommendation
	Acknowledgment
	References
Assessment of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Groundwater and Surface Water in the Zeber Watershed: The Case of the Bahir - Dar City Waste Disposal Site
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Descriptions of the Study Area
		2.2 Sample Collection, Preservation and Laboratory Analyses
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Nutrients and Microbiological Parameters of Surface Water
		3.2 Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Levels of Heavy Metals in Surface Water
		3.3 Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Estimations of Nutrients and Microbiological Parameters of Groundwater Quality
		3.4 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Groundwater
	4 A Comparison of the Effect of the Open Dump Site on Surface Water and Groundwater Quality in the Zeber Watershed
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Manufacturing of Tiles from Kieselguhr Sludge /Diatomaceous Earth/
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Characterizations of the Produced Floor Tiles
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Optimal Transmit Antenna Selection for Massive MIMO Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
		2.1 System Model
		2.2 Mobile Location Positioning
		2.3 Close-In(CI) Path Loss Model
		2.4 Trilateration Based Antenna Selection
	3 Sum Rate Evaluation
		3.1 Dirty Paper Coding Sum Capacity(CDPC)
		3.2 Zero Forcing Sum Capacity(CZF)
	4 Energy Efficiency Evaluation
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Design and Performance Analysis of Enhanced Directional MAC Protocols for Cognitive Radio Wireless Mesh Networks
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Directional MAC Protocol for CRWMNs
	3 Design and Performance Analysis of Directional CSMA/CA MAC Protocol for CRN (DCR-MAC)
		3.1 Transmitter Blocking (E1)
		3.2 Directional Transmission Collision Between SUs (E2)
		3.3 Collision of SU’s Directional RTS with PU Transmission (Receiver Blocking) - (E3)
		3.4 Receiver Already in Communication (E4)
		3.5 Successful Directional Transmission (E5)
		3.6 Idle Channel Detection (E6)
		3.7 Only PU’s Signal Detection (E7)
		3.8 Only SU’s Signal Detection (E8)
		3.9 Detection of Both PU and SU Signal (E9)
	4 Throughput for DCR-MAC Protocol
	5 Simulation and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Beamforming Techniques in Large MU MIMO Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 The System and Channel Model for mmWave Massive MIMO Systems
		3.1 the mmWave Large MIMO System Model
		3.2 The mmWave Massive MIMO Channel Model
	4 Hybrid Precoding Algorithms for MU mmWave Large MIMO Systems
	5 Simulation Results and Analysis
		5.1 Simulation Parameters
		5.2 Analysis of the Achievable Rate of the Proposed Algorithms
		5.3 Impact of Number of BS Antennas on Spectral Efficiency
		5.4 Spectral Efficiency for Various Number of Users
		5.5 Spectral Efficiency for Hybrid Beamforming with Digital and Analog Beamforming Approaches
	6 Conclusion
	References
Narrow-Linewidth Compound Ring Fiber Laser Using HBF as a Feedback for Sensing and Communication Application
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Fiber Laser Configuration and Theoretical Modeling
		2.1 Resonator Loss Difference
		2.2 Fiber Laser Characteristics
	3 Conclusion
	References
Design and Performance Analysis of 125 MW Floating Photovoltaic Power Plant in Ethiopia: Metema vs Lake Tana
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Study Area
		2.3 Components of Floating Photovoltaic Power Plant
			2.3.1 Solar Module and Associated Components
		2.4 Mathematical Modeling of Temperature and Wind Effect
		2.5 Panel and Inverter Specification
		2.6 Design of 125 MWp Floating Solar PV
			2.6.1 System Sizing
			2.6.2 String and Component Arrangement
		2.7 MATLAB Modeling Solar PV
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Efficiency Analysis of a Solar Photovoltaic DC and Existing AC Distribution System for Bahirdar University Data Center
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Center Topologies and Components
	3 Resource Assessment and System Parameter Metrics
		3.1 Data Center Load Profile
		3.2 Solar Resource Assessment of Selected Site
		3.3 System Parameter Metrics and Estimation Methods
	4 Sizing and Models of Proposed DC-System Components
		4.1 Sizing System Components
		4.2 System Component Models
		4.3 Main Components Loss and Efficiency Modeling
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Efficiency Analysis of Existing Distribution System (Base Case Scenario)
		5.2 Efficiency Analysis of DC Distribution System (Proposed Case Scenario)
		5.3 Energy Cost Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Design of Genetic Algorithm Based Robust LQG Controller for Active Magnetic Bearing System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Active Magnetic Bearings
	3 Problem Formulation
	4 Mathematical Model of Amb
		4.1 Modeling of the AMB Actuator
		4.2 Modeling the Power Amplifiers
		4.3 Modeling the Rigid Rotor
	5 Interaction and Coupling
	6 Controller Design
		6.1 LQR Design
		6.2 LQG Design
	7 Robustness Analysis
		7.1 Robustness at the Output
		7.2 Robustness at the Input
		7.3 Gain Margin and Phase Margin
	8 Conclusion
	References
Pitch Angle Control for Optimal Power of Horizontal Axis Variable Speed Wind Turbines Using Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modeling
		2.1 Aerodynamic Model
		2.2 Captured Power by Wind Turbines
		2.3 Drive Train
		2.4 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
			2.4.1 Modeling PMSM in the Dq-Axes Synchronously Rotating Reference Frame
			2.4.2 Power and Torque Analysis
		2.5 Actuator
	3 Controller Design
		3.1 Conventional Controller (PID)
		3.2 Fuzzy Logic Controller
		3.3 Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Uncontrolled Wind Turbine
		4.2 The Conventional PID Controller of Wind Turbine
		4.3 The Fuzzy Controller Design of Wind Power System
		4.4 The Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller
		4.5 The Comparison of Control Systems
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Concise Evaluation of Auto-tuned PID and Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Speed Control of a DC-Motor
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Mathematical Model of the System
	4 Design of Speed Controllers
		4.1 PI Controller Design
		4.2 Fuzzy Logic Controller Design
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Responses at No-Load Condition
		5.2 Response at Loaded Condition
	6 Conclusions
	References
Genetic Algorithm Tuned Super Twisted Sliding Mode Controller (STSMC) for Self-balancing Control of a Two-Wheel Electric Scooter
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Two-Wheel Self-balancing Scooter Basics
	3 Mathematical Model of the System
		3.1 Mathematical Model of Scooter
		3.2 Dc Motor Modeling
	4 Controller Design
		4.1 Design Super Twisted Sliding Mode Controller (STSMC) for Balancing Scooter
		4.2 Design PID Controller for Turn Left and Right Direction
		4.3 Controller Parameters Tuning Sung GA
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 GA Tuned Controllers with Initial Pitch and Yaw Angles
		5.2 Evaluation of GA and Analytically Tuned Controllers
	6 Conclusions
	References
Artificial Neural Network Based Rotor Flux Estimation and Fuzzy-Logic Sensorless Speed Control of an Induction Motor
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Model of Induction Machine and Control Techniques
		2.1 Dynamic Model of Induction Machine
		2.2 Clark and Park Transformations
		2.3 Scalar Control of Induction Motor
		2.4 Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor
	3 Flux and Speed Estimation for Sensor-Less IFOC of Induction Motor
		3.1 Flux Estimation of the Three-Phase Induction Motor
		3.2 Speed Estimation of the Three-Phase Induction Motor
		3.3 Artificial Neural Network for Flux Estimation
	4 Design of PI and Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller
		4.1 Designing a Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller
		4.2 Designing Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Microstrip Antenna with Semi-eliptical Slotted Patch and Defected Ground Structure at 28 GHz for 5G Communication Systems
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Simulation Result Analysis and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Data-Driven Based Optimal Placement and Performance Evaluation of FD-MIMO for Enhanced 4G Mobile Networks Under Realistic Environment
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model and Deployment Scenarios
		2.1 Multi-objective Problem Formulation
		2.2 Application of NSII GA on Antenna Planning
		2.3 FD-MIMO Antenna Model
	3 Simulation Environments
		3.1 User Distribution
		3.2 Studied Scenarios and Simulation Parameters
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Dualband Microstrip mm-Wave Antenna with Improved Directivity for Mobile Application Using Genetic Algorithm
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Genetic Algorithm
	3 Antenna Configuration
		3.1 Genetic Algorithm Procedure
		3.2 Optimization Setup
	4 Simulation Result and Analysis
		4.1 Conclusion
	References
ICT, Software and Hardware Engineering
N-Neuron Simulation Using Multiprocessor Cluster
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Literatures on Simulation of SNN Using Hardware Platforms
		2.2 Literatures on Simulation of SNN Using Software Implementations
	3 Biological Background
		3.1 Spiking Neural Networks
			3.1.1 Single Neuron Model
		3.2 Learning in Spiking Neural Network
	4 Parallel Programming Fundamentals
		4.1 Shared Memory Parallelization
			4.1.1 Open Multi-processing (OpenMP)
		4.2 Distributed Parallel Programming Model
			4.2.1 Message Passing Interface
		4.3 Hybrid Parallel Programming Model
	5 Methodology
		5.1 MPI Based Parallel Simulation
			5.1.1 Spike Exchange between Processes
			5.1.2 Hybrid MPI+OpenMP Parallelization Simulation
		5.2 Experimental Setup
	6 Result and Discussion
		6.1 MPI Implementation
		6.2 Hybrid MPI+OpenMP Implementation
	7 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
A SVM Based Model for COVID Detection Using CXR Image
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Model
		3.1 Preprocessing
		3.2 Segmentation
		3.3 Feature Extraction
		3.4 Classification
	4 Experiments and Results
		4.1 Dataset Preparation
		4.2 Preprocessing
		4.3 Detection of Lung Region
		4.4 Segmentation
		4.5 Feature Extraction
		4.6 The Performance Evaluation
		4.7 Result
		4.8 Comparison with Other Existing Models
	5 Conclusion
	References
Simultaneous Indoor Localization Based on Wi-Fi RSS Fingerprints
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 MDS-based Model: SIL
		3.1 SIL Architecture
		3.2 Preprocessing of Data
		3.3 SIL Algorithm
	4 Experiments and Results
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Evaluation Metrics
		4.3 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Posture Prediction for Healthy Sitting Using a Smart Chair
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Dataset Description
		3.3 Data Preprocessing
		3.4 Feature Generation
		3.5 Model Development and Testing
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	Acknowledgements
	References
Agricultural Domain-Specific Jargon Words Identification in Amharic Text
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Amharic Agricultural Jargon Words Justification
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Preprocessing
		3.2 Knowledge Base
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Experiment Setup
		4.2 Dataset Preparation
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Machine Learning Evaluation
		5.2 Knowledge Base Evaluation
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	Acknowledgment
	References
Design Event Extraction Model from Amharic Texts Using Deep Learning Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Studies
	3 Proposed Event Extraction Model
		3.1 Dataset Preparation
		3.2 Preprocessing
		3.3 Word Embedding
		3.4 Amharic Event Classification Model
		3.5 Event and Event Argument Extraction
		3.6 Event Extraction Experiment and Results
		3.7 Event Detection Model Experimental Results
		3.8 Event Classification Model Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Identification of Nonfunctional Requirement Conflicts: Machine Learning Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Preparation
		3.2 The Proposed Model
		3.3 Dataset Preprocessing
		3.4 Vectorization and Feature Weighting Techniques
		3.5 Classification Model
	4 Experiment and Evaluation
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Dataset Setup
		4.3 Discussion and Result
	5 Conclusions
	6 Contributions
	7 Recommendations
	References
A Survey of Stroke Image Analysis Techniques
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Stroke Diagnosis
		3.1 Stroke Imaging Modality
			3.1.1 Computed Tomography (CT)
			3.1.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
			3.1.3 Advancements in Stroke Imaging Modalities and Associated Performance Evaluation Metrics
	4 Image Analysis
		4.1 Image Analysis Techniques
			4.1.1 Pre-processing
			4.1.2 Segmentation
			4.1.3 Feature Extraction
			4.1.4 Classification
		4.2 Image Analysis Techniques for Stroke Diagnosis
			4.2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
			4.2.2 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
		4.3 Related Works
			4.3.1 Machine Learning Based Stroke Image Analysis
			4.3.2 Deep Learning Based Stroke Image Analysis
		4.4 Summary of Stroke Image Analysis Techniques
		4.5 Stroke Data Availability
	5 Open Research Challenges
		5.1 Challenges in Imaging Modalities
		5.2 Challenges in Analysis Techniques
		5.3 Challenges in Dataset Availability
			5.3.1 Constructing a Big Stroke Imaging Dataset
			5.3.2 Developing a New Algorithm
			5.3.3 Developing the Full-Fledged System Used for Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment
	6 Conclusions
	References
Amharic Fake News Detection on Social Media Using Feature Fusion
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Amharic Language
		3.1 Amharic Writing System
		3.2 Amharic Morphology
	4 Data Collection and Preparation
		4.1 Data Preprocessing
		4.2 Features Extraction
		4.3 System Design
	5 Experiment and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	Acknowledgment
	References
Early Ginger Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Data Preparation
	5 Experimental Setup and Setting
		5.1 Hyper-Parameter Setting
	6 Experimental Result
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Towards Predicting the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Using Machine Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methods
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Pre-processing
		3.3 Feature Selection
		3.4 Data Exploration
	4 System Architecture
	5 Experiment
	6 Discussion of the Results
	7 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Rainfall Prediction and Cropping Pattern Recommendation Using Artificial Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 ANN for Prediction
		2.2 Recommendation Systems
		2.3 Crop Water Needs
	3 Experimental Setup
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Setup the Dataset
		3.4 Model Design
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Prediction Results
		4.2 Crop Recommendation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Need for a Novel Approach to Design Derivation Lexicon for Semitic Languages
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Semitic Languages
		2.1 Common Features
	3 Application of Derivation Lexicons
		3.1 Language Learning
		3.2 Information Retrieval (IR)
		3.3 Natural Language Processing (NLP)
	4 Approaches to Derivation Lexicon Development
		4.1 Non-concatenative Finite-State Morphology
		4.2 Derivation Lexicon for Indo-European Languages
		4.3 Semitic Languages
	5 Proposed Approach
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Branching Spatio-Spectral Dimensional Reduction Model for Hyperspectral Image Classification and Change Detection
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dimensionality Reduction for Hyperspectral Images
	3 Branching Convolutional Autoencoder
		3.1 Densely-Connected Classifier
		3.2 Adapted Convolutional LSTM-Based Change Detection Architecture
	4 Implementation Details and Results
		4.1 Branching Convolutional Autoencoder Implementation Details
		4.2 Datasets
		4.3 Comparative Models
			4.3.1 Densely Connected Autoencoder
			4.3.2 Convolutional Autoencoder
		4.4 Implementation Details
		4.5 Evaluation Metrics
		4.6 Experimental Results
			4.6.1 Autoencoders Reconstruction Results
			4.6.2 Classification Results
			4.6.3 Change Detection Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Shared Syllables for Amharic Tigrigna Text to Speech Synthesis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research Works
	3 Features of Amharic and Tigrigna Languages
	4 Experimentation
		4.1 Dataset Preparation
		4.2 Identifying Syllable Overlap
	5 Discussions of Synthesis Results
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
OCR System for the Recognition of Ethiopic Real-Life Documents
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Ethiopic Character and Proposed OCR System
		3.1 Preprocessing Ethiopic Real-Life Documents
		3.2 Feature Extraction Steps
	4 Result and Discussions
		4.1 Experiment 1: Performance Analysis Using PCA
		4.2 Experiment 2: Performance Analysis Using GA
	5 Conclusion
	References
Efficient Architecture for a High Performance Authenticated Encryption Algorithm on Reconfigurable Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Summary of Some Existing Related Works
	3 The Core of AEGIS-128 Algorithm: AES
		3.1 Optimization Techniques for FPGA Based AES Implementation
	4 The Proposed Architecture for AES on Reconfigurable Computing
		4.1 Implementation Approaches
	5 Brief Description of AEGIS-128 Algorithm
	6 Efficient Architecture for AEGIS-128 Algorithm
	7 Implementation Approaches and Result Comparisons
	8 Conclusions
	References
Design and Development of an Autonomous Smart Stick Framework for Assisting Visually Impaired People
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 System Model and Methodology
		3.1 Modeling and Assembly of Foldable Smart Stick
	4 Autonomous Smart Stick Framework Design
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Evaluation and Experimentation
			5.1.1 Obstacle Detection Range
			5.1.2 GPS, GPRS/GSM Information Conveyed
			5.1.3 Sensor Alert Notification
			5.1.4 Power Supply and Foldability
			5.1.5 Recognition System and Messaging
			5.1.6 System Component Connection
	6 Conclusions
	References
Multi-channel Convolutional Neural Network for Hate Speech Detection in Social Media
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literatures
		2.1 Defining Hate Speech
		2.2 Hate Speech Detection Approaches
		2.3 Hate Speech Detection Using Deep Learning Approaches
	3 Dataset Construction
		3.1 Data Selection and Annotation
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Feature Engineering Methods
	4 Classification Models
		4.1 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
		4.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
	5 Architecture of the Multi-channel CNN Model for Hate Speech Detection
		5.1 Major Component of the Amharic Hate Speech Detection Framework
	6 Experiments
		6.1 Datasets
		6.2 Experimental Setups
		6.3 Baseline
		6.4 Model Evaluations
	7 Results and Discussions
		7.1 Results
		7.2 Discussions
	8 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Automatic Diagnosis of Breast Cancer from Histopathological Images Using Deep Learning Technique
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methods
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Image Pre-processing and Enhancement
		3.3 Classification
		3.4 Performance Evaluation Metrics
	4 Results
		4.1 Image Pre-processing and Enhancement
		4.2 Classification
		4.3 Test Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
Author Index