Advances in VLSI, Communication, and Signal Processing: Select Proceedings of VCAS 2021

Contents
About the Editors
Numerical Analysis and Comparison of Mxene Based Plasmonic Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Sensor Structure, Principle of Operation, and Mathematical Formulation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Performance Analysis of SPR Biosensor Using Metamaterial and Different Metal Oxides
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modeling
		2.1 Performance Parameters and Transfer Matrix Method
		2.2 Schematic Structure of the Proposed SPR Biosensor
	3 Results and Analysis
		3.1 Thickness Optimization of Metal and Metamaterial Layer
		3.2 SPR Curve Analysis
		3.3 Sensor Performance Factor Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Metal-Insulator-Metal Metamaterial Helical Absorber
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Fed Wide Slot Antenna for C-Band Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Cross Age Face Generator: A Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) Based Approach
	1 Introduction
		1.1 GANs
		1.2 Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGANs)
		1.3 Convolutional AutoEncoder
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Training of AutoEncoder
		3.2 Training of CGANs
	4 Experimental Setup
		4.1 Data Collection
		4.2 Implementation Details
		4.3 Performance Metrics
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Age Estimation Error
		5.2 FID Score
		5.3 Identity Preservation
		5.4 Comparative Analysis
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Synthesis of Stochastic Functions in Presence of Varied Degrees of Correlation
	1 Introduction
	2 Correlation-Sensitive Logic Elements
	3 Theorems on Correlation Intervention in Stochastic Numbers
		3.1 Complement of an SN
		3.2 Correlation Status Between Two SN's: A Case Study
		3.3 Correlation Interaction Between Two SN's
	4 A Correlation Based Framework for Minterm Calculation
		4.1 Synthesizing Functions of Two Variables
		4.2 Synthesizing Functions of More Than 2 Variables
		4.3 Computing SFs Corresponding to Complex Boolean Functions
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Impact of Fin Shape Variation on Accumulation-Mode Bulk FinFETs’ Analog and RF Performance for Different Dielectrics
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Geometry and Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Active Metal Coated Dual-Side Polished Plasmonic PCF Biosensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure Modelling
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Varying Material Parameters on sensor’s Performance
		3.2 Effect of Altering Geometrical Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	References
Parametric Analysis of Circular Patch Wideband Antenna for IoT Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design Consideration
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 S11 Measurement and VSWR
	5 Conclusion
	References
Dual Band, Dual Port Dielectric Resonator Based MIMO Antenna with Bi-directional Pattern Diversity Using PRS
	1 Introduction
	2 3D Geometrical Arrangement of the Proposed Antenna
	3 Analysis of the Antenna Structure with and Without PRS
	4 Antenna Analysis Using Diversity Parameters
	5 Conclusion
	References
New Idea for Characterizing of Waves Using Indian MST Radar
	1 Introduction
	2 Preparation of Your Paper
		2.1 A Brief Description of the Indian MST Radar
		2.2 Antenna Phase Calibration
		2.3 Characterization of Antenna Pattern
	References
Face Mask Detection and Counting Using Deep Learning and Embedded Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Methodology for Mask Detection and Classification
		3.1 System Overview
		3.2 Dataset Preparation
		3.3 Detection Models
		3.4 Hardware Description
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Model Training
		4.2 Model Evaluation
		4.3 Performance Comparison
		4.4 Real-Time Face Mask Detection System Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Faith Value Based On-Demand Approach to Improve QoS in MANETs
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 AODV
		3.2 Faith Value AODV (FVAODV)
	4 Simulations
		4.1 Network Performance Parameters
		4.2 Network Simulator 3
		4.3 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Sensitivity Enhancement of Ti3C2Tx Based Bimetallic SPR Biosensor Using SiO2
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Modeling and Mathematical Expression
		2.1 Configuration of the Proposed SPR Sensor
		2.2 Mathematical Equations for Reflectivity
		2.3 Performance Parameters of the SPR Sensor
	3 Discussions and Simulation Results
		3.1 Optimization of Copper, Nickel and Silicon Dioxide Layer
		3.2 Effect of Change in RI of Sensing Layer
		3.3 Electric Field Intensity Plot
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Simulation of 1Tbps Coherent Detection Dual Polarization Free Space Optics Based OFDM System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Design and Operation
		2.1 Coherent Optical OFDM
		2.2 Spectral Efficiency of OFDM with 4 QAM and Dual Polarization
		2.3 Free Space Optical Wireless Channel (OWC)
	3 Simulation Setup
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
FBG-Based Large Scale WDM-PON Optical Broadcast Communication System
	1 Introduction
	2 Coupler and FBG-Based WDM Broadcast Transmission System
	3 Concept of FBG
	4 Simulation Model and Work Explanation
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design of a Dispersion Compensating Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber (DC-HPCF) for High Nonlinearity and Birefringence
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Modal Realization
		2.1 Geometry Modelling
		2.2 The Proposed Structure Synthesis and Analysis of Various Parameters
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Survey of Supervised Machine Learning Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Machine Learning in Wireless Sensor Networks
		2.1 Supervised Learning
		2.2 Unsupervised Learning
		2.3 Semi-supervised Learning
		2.4 Reinforcement Learning
		2.5 Evolutionary Computation
	3 Role of Supervised Machine Learning in Wireless Sensor Networks
	4 Challenges and Research Directions
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Performance Analysis of Hetero-Dielectric Stacked Buried Oxide on Modified Source-Drain FDSOI MOS Transistor
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Specification
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Simulation Engineering of Heterojunction Colloidal Quantum Dot- Solar Cell Using Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) as an Electron Transport Layer
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Methodology and Device Structure
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Impact of Acceptor Doping Concentration of HTL
		3.2 Impact of Donor Doping Concentration of ETL
		3.3 Impact of Series and Shunt Resistances on the Efficiency of the Device
		3.4 Impact of Increasing Temperature
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Study of Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaic Solar Cell for Highly Efficient Device
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Material Parameters
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Influence of Variation in Thickness of ETL
		3.2 Impact of Doping Density of ETL
		3.3 J-V and Quantum Efficiency Curve
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design of Dual-Band Printed Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design Specifications
	3 Result Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Sensitivity Enhancement of Platinum Diselenide Based SPR Sensor Using Titanium Dioxide as Adhesion Layer
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Mathematical Formulation of SPR Sensor
		2.1 Theoretical Structure Overview
		2.2 Theoretical Structure Overview
		2.3 Performance Parameters
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Aluminum Nitride Grating Based Plasmonic Sensor Utilizing Enhanced Absorption
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Consideration and Theory
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 AlN Grating on Au with SiO2 Substrate for SPR Sensing
		3.2 Effect of AlN Periodicity (Λ) and Gold Layer Thickness (t) Over SiO2 Substrate
		3.3 Effect of AlN Grating Width (W) and Height (h)
		3.4 Effect Incident Angle (Θ)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Compact Electromagnetic Band Gap Based Filtenna for Ultra Wide Band Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Filtenna Design
		2.1 Filtenna Configurations
		2.2 EBG Based Filtenna for UWB Application
	3 Measured Results
		3.1 Fabrication Procedure
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Improvement in Structure
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Clustering Approach for Sensory-Motor Cortex Signal Classification Using Electroencephalogram Signal for Brain-Computer Interface
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Participants and Experimental Protocol
		2.2 De-noising of Recorded Raw EEG Data
	3 Methodology
		3.1 EEG Data Time Framing
		3.2 Time-Frequency Localization for Feature Extraction
		3.3 K-means Clustering
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Silhouette Analysis of Clustering Method
		4.2 Classification Results
		4.3 Performance of Subjects Across Different Loads
		4.4 Comparison of the Proposed Method with Previous Work
	5 Conclusions
	References
Comparative Analysis of Different Encoding Techniques and Types of Sensors for Laser Based Visible Light Wireless Communication
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Laser Sources Used in FSL Communication
		2.2 Loss During Transmission
		2.3 Receivers
		2.4 Types of Encoding Techniques Used
		2.5 Experimental Setup
		2.6 Data Flow Description
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Lead Free Perovskite Solar Cell Using TiO2 as an Electron Transport Materials and Cu2O as a Hole Transport Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Material Parameters
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Impact of Working Point Temperature
		3.2 Impact of the Thickness of Absorber Layer
		3.3 Influence on Acceptor Concentration of Absorber Layer
	4 Conclusion
	References
Routing and Congestion in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET’s): Characteristics, Challenges and Solutions
	1 Introduction
	2 Vanet Communications
		2.1 Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) Communications
		2.2 Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2R)/Infrastructure to Vehicle (R2V) Communications
		2.3 Vehicle-To-Cellular Network (V2X)/Cellular Network to Vehicle (X2V) Communications
	3 Features of Vanet
		3.1 Highly Mobile
		3.2 Rapid Changes in Network Topology
		3.3 Geographically Unbounded Network
		3.4 Rapid and Frequent Exchange of Information
		3.5 Secured Wireless Communication
		3.6 Time Critical
		3.7 Sufficient Energy
	4 Vanet Applications
		4.1 Safety Applications
		4.2 Non-safety Applications
	5 Challenging Issues in Vanet and Possibilities
		5.1 Technical Challenges
		5.2 Social and Economic Challenges
	6 Congestion in Vanet
	7 Parameters Affecting Congestion
		7.1 Beacon Frequency
		7.2 Transmit Rate
		7.3 Transmit Power
		7.4 Utility Function
		7.5 Fairness
		7.6 Prioritization
		7.7 Node Density
	8 Congestion Control Strategies for Vanets
		8.1 Proactive, Reactive, and Hybrid Strategies
		8.2 Congestion Detection Methods
	9 Performance and QoS Evaluation Parameters
		9.1 Channel Busy Time (CBT)
		9.2 Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR)
		9.3 Packet Loss Ratio (PLR)
		9.4 Inter-Packet Delay (IPD)
		9.5 End to End Delay (E2E Delay)
		9.6 Bandwidth Utilization
		9.7 Network Throughput
		9.8 Overhead
		9.9 Scalability
		9.10 Reachability
		9.11 Redundancy
		9.12 Propagation Speed
	10 State of Art Approaches for Congestion Control
		10.1 Rate-Based Strategies
		10.2 Power-Based Strategies
		10.3 CSMA/CA-Based Strategies
		10.4 Scheduling and Prioritization-Based Strategies
		10.5 Hybrid Strategies
	11 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Design and Analysis of Fast Frequency Acquisition Phase Frequency Detector
	1 Introduction
	2 EX-OR Based Phase Detector and Its Analysis
	3 True Single-Phase Clock (TSPC) Based DFF
	4 Conventional Phase Frequency Detector Architecture
	5 Proposed Phase Frequency Detector Architecture
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design of Low Power Two-Stage OTA Based Second-Order Gm-C Filter for Fast Locking PLL Based Frequency Synthesizer
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Gate-Driven Quasi Floating Gate (GD-QFG)
	2 Proposed GD-QFG Two-Stage OTA Design and Analysis
	3 Design of Second-Order Gm-C Filter and Its Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Temperature Dependent Modified TEAM Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Memristor Models
	3 Modified TEAM Model
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Performance Analysis of Full Adder Circuit Using Different Logic Styles
	1 Introduction
	2 Mirror Adder
	3 14 Transistor Adder
	4 Six Transistor Adder
		4.1 XOR Gate Using GDI Technique
		4.2 Six Transistor Logic Adder Using GDI Technique
	5 Memristor Ratioed Logic Adder
		5.1 Designing the AND and OR Gate Using Memristor
		5.2 Design of Full ADDER Circuit Using Memristor Logic
	6 Conclusion
	References
Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Evolution of Antenna Design and Analysis
		2.1 Case-1 When the PIN Diode Switched off
		2.2 Case 2 When the PIN Diode is Switched on
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Ultra Efficient QCA SRAM Cell for Nanotechnology Applications
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Essential Contribution
		1.2 Paper Structure
	2 Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Terminology
		2.1 Majority Gate
		2.2 QCA Clocking
	3 Proposed QCA D Flip Flop Architectures
	4 Proposed QCA SRAM Cell
	5 Simulation Result and Discussion
	6 Energy Dissipation of the Proposed QCA SRAM Cell
	7 Conclusion
	References
Optimal Guaranteed Cost Control of an Uncertain and Shift-Delayed 2-D Discrete FM First Model via Memory State Feedback
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
	3 Main Result
	4 Illustrative Examples
	5 Conclusions
	References
Survey: Advancement in Materials and Trends in Various Fields of 3D Printing
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Medical Applications
		1.2 Bio-printing
		1.3 Architectural and Construction Applications
		1.4 Electronic Components and Sensors
		1.5 3D Scanning
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 Medical Applications
		2.2 Bio-printing
		2.3 Architectural and Construction Applications
		2.4 Electronic Components and Sensors
		2.5 3D Scanning
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Polychromatic Behavior of Reflectance and Field Performance of Graphene Coated SPR Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Consideration and Theoretical Model
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Field Distribution
		3.2 Reflectance Curve
		3.3 Penetration Depth
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Low Power High Speed 15T FinFET-GDI Based Hybrid Full Adder Using 18nm Technology
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Literature Review of Adder Architectures
		1.2 Basics of FinFET Architecture
	2 Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) Scheme Overview
	3 Performance Parameters of the Adder
	4 Proposed Full Adder Design
	5 Simulation and Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Sensitivity Enhancement of SPR Sensor Based on Ti3C2Tx (MXene) with Composite Layers of TiO2-SiO2
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Sensor Design
		2.1 Design Consideration and Modeling
		2.2 Performance Parameters of the SPR Sensor
	3 Discussion and Analysis of Numerical Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of LiF and Graphene Based Long-Range SPR Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Structure and Theoretical Modelling
	3 Performance Parameters Evaluated for SPR/LRSPR
	4 Discussions on Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Ultra Low Power Fully Differential Double Recycling Current Mirror OTA for Biomedical Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed OTA Structure
		2.1 Differential Open-Loop Voltage Gain of LFD-DRCM
	3 Simulation Results
		3.1 Simulation of Open Loop AC Response
		3.2 Unity Gain Response
		3.3 Simulation Demonstrating Effect of PVT Variations
	4 FD-OTA Based MISO Filter
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of CFOA-Based Electronically-Tunable Band Pass Filter Suitable for Filtering of EEG Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Circuit
	3 Proposed Circuit
	4 Simulation Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Non-uniform Transmission Line Based Dual-Band Bandpass Filter
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Dual-Band BPF
		2.1 Two-Port Network
		2.2 Location of Zeros for Multi Section Stubs
		2.3 Design Method
	3 Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Modeling of Novel TFETs
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Modeling and Investigation of Novel Two-Port UWB-MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Isolation
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Methodologies and Geometrical Specifications
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Scattering Parameters and Radiation Patterns
		3.2 Radiation Efficiency and Gain
		3.3 Electric Field Distribution
	4 MIMO Diversity Performances
		4.1 Comparative Analysis with Recent Antennas
	5 Conclusions
	References
Performance Enhancement of SiGe-Based Junctionless Tri-Gate (JL-TG) FinFETs Using Hetero-High-K Gate Oxide Material
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation Framework
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Bloch Surface Wave (BSW) Based Biosensor-An Alternative of SPR Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Consideration and Mathematical Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Power Optimized 7 T SRAM Cell with Single Bit Line Using FinFET Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Performance Parameters
	3 Different Single-Ended Sram Cells
		3.1 Low-Voltage Robust 8 T SRAM Cell
		3.2 Low Power Single-Ended 7 T SRAM Cell
		3.3 Proposed 7 T SRAM Cell with Better Power/delay
	4 Simulation and Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of Negative Capacitance Double Gate Junctionless Transistor and Tri-Gate FinFET for Analog Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation Setup
		2.1 Newton Methods
		2.2 Gummel and Block Methods
	3 Simulation and Discussion
		3.1 Analog Performance
		3.2 RF Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of Different Low Band Gap Source Materials in Heterojunction Hetero-Dielectric GAA TFET
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Dimensions and Model
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Eigen Space and ANN Based Approach to Synthesize 12-Lead ECG
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Preprocessing
		2.2 PCA and ANN Based Model
		2.3 Synthesis of Independent Leads
		2.4 Performance Evaluation
	3 Results
		3.1 Artificial Neural Network Parameter Optimization
		3.2 Selection of 12-Lead ECG Subset
		3.3 Performance Evaluation of Synthesized ECG
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Comparison with Linear Regression Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Pentacene-Based Hybrid Photodetectors: A Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Advantages of Pentacene
		1.2 Structures
		1.3 Parameters
		1.4 Existing Challenges and Prospects
	2 Conclusion
	References
Cochlear Acoustic Model that Improves the Speech Perception in Noise by Encoding TFS
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Signal Processing
		2.2 Quick Speech in Noise (QuickSIN)
		2.3 Subjects
		2.4 Stimuli
	3 Experimental Design and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Performance Analysis of Gate Source Overlapped Dual Material Double Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor with SiO2/HfO2 Stacked-Gate Oxide Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed GSDMDGTFET Structure
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Suppression of Ambipolar Nature
		3.2 Gate Overlapped Source vs Without Gate Over-Lapped Source
		3.3 Variation of Transfer Characteristics by Changing the Vds
		3.4 Change in Thickness
	4 RF Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Investigation and Optimization of Dielectric Resonator MIMO Antenna Using Machine Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Machine Learning Based Modelling
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Support Vector Regression
		2.2 Simple Linear Regression
		2.3 Decision Tree Regression
		2.4 Random Forest Regression
	3 Analysis of Results
		3.1 Results
		3.2 Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Trilateration Based Localization for Underwater Sensor Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Mathematical Modelling
	4 Design
		4.1 Initialization Phase
		4.2 Coordinatie Computation Phase
	5 Overview of UnetStack
	6 Results and Analysis
		6.1 Localization for Static Blind Node
		6.2 Localization for Mobile Blind Node
		6.3 Metrics for Evaluating Algorithm
		6.4 Simulation Setup
		6.5 Observations
	7 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Geometrically Robust Digital Image Watermarking Based on Zernike Moments and FAST Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Zernike Moments and Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) Technique
		2.1 Zernike Moments
		2.2 FAST Technique
	3 Watermark Embedding and Extraction Algorithm
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Extension of the ERDMOSM1 and ERDMOSM2 Reduced Group Delay Finite Impulse Response (FIR) in Digital Filtering
	1 Introduction
	2 Reduction of Group Delays: Modified Overlap-Save Technique
		2.1 Zero Phase of Impulse Response
		2.2 Reduction of Group Delay
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Examples 1
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Vedic Multiplier Using High Performance XOR-MUX Based Adder for Fast Computation
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed XOR-MUX Based Full Adder
	3 Vedic Multiplier
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance Analysis of Adder
		4.2 Performance Analysis of Vedic Multiplier
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Estimation of Different Tunnel Field Effect Transistor Based Biosensors Used in the Biomedical and Its Future Prospective
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure with Simulation Settings
		2.1 Fundamental Procedure of TFET Device
		2.2 The TFET Sensor’s Multi-sensing Capabilities
		2.3 Improvement in TFET Recently for BIOSENSOR Applications
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Tunnelling Probability of Different High-K Material for Nanometer Thickness MOSFET Gate
	1 Introduction
	2 Quantum Mechanical Analysis of Short Channel Transistor
	3 Tunnelling Electron Probability Calculation Using Schrödinger Equation
	4 Analysis of Materials Behavior and Their Usage as a Gate Materials
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Tapered Vivaldi Antenna for Milli-meter Waves Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
WebRTC Based Telehealth and Telecommunication
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Model
		3.1 Prototype Architecture
		3.2 Prototype Implementation and Interface
	4 Results
	5 Limitations
	6 Conclusion
	References
Internet Security: Threats and Its Preventive Measures
	1 Introduction
	2 Internet Security Threats
		2.1 Malware
		2.2 Denial of Service Attack
		2.3 Internet Fraud
	3 Preventive Measures
	4 Conclusion
	References