Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion

Front Matter....Pages i-xvii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introduction to the IEA Bioenergy Agreement....Pages 3-14
Overview of Canadian Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Activities....Pages 15-25
Thermochemical Conversion Research in the U.S. Department of Energy Biofuels and Power Programs....Pages 26-47
Overview of Thermochemical Conversion Technology of Biomass and Wastes in Japan....Pages 48-51
Overview of Thermochemical Conversion R&D Activities of the CEC....Pages 52-62
Developments of the Institute of Wood Chemistry in Complex Processing of Wood....Pages 63-76
New Options for Biomass-Based Power Production by IGCC: A Finnish National Research Programme — JALO....Pages 77-91
Centralized Biomass Analysis....Pages 92-98
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
A Microscopic Method for Studying Reaction Mechanisms in Char Gasification....Pages 101-115
Kinetic Study of the Reaction of Different Hardwood Sawdust Chars with Oxygen. Chemical and Structural Characterization of the Samples....Pages 116-130
Steam Gasification Reactivities of Various Fuel Chars....Pages 131-141
Reactivity of Biomass and Peat Chars Formed and Gasified at Different Conditions....Pages 142-159
Formation and Removal of Nitrogen Compounds in Gasification Processes....Pages 160-174
Results From a Transparent Open-Core Downdraft Gasifier....Pages 175-185
Model for Drying and Pyrolysis in an Updraft Biomass Gasifier....Pages 186-200
New Catalysts for the Fluid Bed Catalytic Gasification of Biomass....Pages 201-215
Catalytic Cracking of Naphthalene on Dolomite....Pages 216-232
Dolomite Catalysed Cracking of n-Heptane in Presence of Steam....Pages 233-245
Catalytic Hydrocracking of Tar from Gasification of Straw....Pages 246-264
Formation and Catalytic Decomposition of Tars from Fluidized-Bed Gasification....Pages 265-279
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Temperature Fields in Downdraft Biomass Gasification....Pages 280-287
Modeling and Simulation of an Open Core Down-Draft Moving Bed Rice Husk Gasifier....Pages 288-309
Biomass Domestic Cooking Gasifier Stove for Use in Rural Areas of Developing Countries....Pages 310-313
Leafy Biomass Gasifier for 15 kVA Diesel Genset....Pages 314-324
Steam Gasification in Fluidized Bed of a Synthetic Refuse Containing Chlorine with Catalytic Gas Cleaning at High Temperature....Pages 325-337
High Temperature Gasification of Biomass in an Atmospheric Entrained Flow Reactor....Pages 338-349
Results Obtained by Air Gasification of Forestry Wastes in Two Downdraft Moving-Bed Gasifiers of 50 and 200 kg/h....Pages 350-364
Design and Operation of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier for Wood Powders....Pages 365-376
The Heuristic Envirocycler, a Solid Waste Disposal Energy Recovery Device for the 1990’s....Pages 377-391
Operating Experiences with Biomass Gasifiers in Indonesia....Pages 392-402
Design of a Pilot Plant Fluidized Bed Gasifier....Pages 403-410
The Free University of Brussels Biomass Gasification Combined Heat & Power Plant....Pages 411-422
Gasification of Residual Biomass via the Biosyn Fluidized Bed Technology....Pages 423-437
The U.S. Department of Energy and the Pacific International Center for High Technology Research Pressurized Oxygen-Air Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasification Scaleup....Pages 438-448
Heat and Power Production via Gasification in the Range 5–50 MW e ....Pages 449-475
Performance of Cogeneration Gasification Combined-Cycle Power Plants Employing Biomass as Fuel....Pages 476-494
Production of Hydrogen and Methanol via Biomass Gasification....Pages 495-510
Biomass Based Combined Cycles....Pages 511-521
Methanol from Biomass — An Option for Switzerland?....Pages 522-529
“An Economic Evaluation of Sugar Cane Use for Electricity Production and its Environmental Consequences on Avoided Carbon Emissions in Brazil”....Pages 530-539
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Gas Cleaning in Electricity Production via Gasification of Biomass: Conclusions of the Workshop....Pages 540-546
Front Matter....Pages 547-547
Fuel Nitrogen in Wood A New Method to Analyse the Nitrogen Content and Investigations of the Conversion to Nitric Oxides During Combustion....Pages 549-562
A New Method to Measure the Integrated Amount of Pollutants from Nonstationary Wood Combustion Processes....Pages 563-574
Wood Combustion....Pages 575-589
Combustion Control for Automatic Wood Firings....Pages 590-604
Computer Simulation of a Wood Chip Furnace....Pages 605-619
Acceptance Test for Wood Firings and Results from the Respective Round Robin Test in Switzerland, Germany and Austria....Pages 620-631
Wood Chips Fueled Stirling Engine....Pages 632-642
Concept for an Ideal Wood Waste and Wood Residue Combustion System....Pages 643-655
Technical and Environmental Performances of Wood Combustion in Domestic Turbo Boilers: Influence of Operating Parameters....Pages 656-667
Biomass Fired Superheater for Decreased Corrosion Speed and Improved Power Yield....Pages 668-674
Flue Gas Condensing Systems at Woodchip Fired Heating Plants — Practical Experiences in Denmark....Pages 675-689
Emissions from Wood Stoves and Fireplaces....Pages 690-707
Selective Catalytic Reduction and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxides for Wood Firings....Pages 708-719
Workshop Measuring Procedures for Wood Stoves and Combustion....Pages 721-722
Workshop Development of low emission wood stoves and furnaces....Pages 723-724
Front Matter....Pages 725-725
Chemistry of Pyrolysis of Polysaccharides and Lignocellulosics....Pages 727-745
Study of Kinetic and Transfer Phenomena in the Pyrolysis of Biomass Particles....Pages 746-759
Reaction Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Cellulose and Hemicellulose in Biomass Materials....Pages 760-770
Thermogravimetric Analysis of the Components of Biomass....Pages 771-783
Front Matter....Pages 725-725
Thermogravimetric Studies of Charcoal Formation from Cellulose at Elevated Pressures....Pages 784-792
Flash Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste in a Pyroprobe 1000....Pages 793-805
Screening of Pyrolysis Behavior of Different Biomass....Pages 806-817
Composition Effects on the Devolatilization Behavior of Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste....Pages 818-832
Heat Transfer and Weight Loss in the Thermal Decomposition of Large Wood Particles....Pages 833-845
Changes in Wood Structure during the Course of Carbonisation....Pages 846-858
Effect of Experimental Conditions on the Composition of Gases and Liquids from Biomass Pyrolysis....Pages 859-873
Thermal Decomposition of Powdery Lignocellulosic Biomass. Solid Weight Loss and Temperature Profiles....Pages 874-886
Modeling the Pyrolysis of Cellulosic Materials....Pages 887-905
Modeling of Transport Phenomena and Kinetics of Biomass Pyrolysis....Pages 906-921
Analytical Study of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils. I- Analysis of the Phenolic Fraction by High Performance Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography....Pages 922-937
The Effect of Intermittent Air Supply on Processes in the Partial Combustion Zone of a Pyrolysis Reactor....Pages 938-952
Separation of Biomass Degradation Products by Capillary Electrophoresis....Pages 953-965
Heat Transfer in Straw....Pages 966-976
Rapid Pyrolysis of Wood with Application to Gasification....Pages 977-985
Liquid Hydrocarbons from the Extraction and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge....Pages 986-999
Alkanes and Alkenes from the Pyrolysis of Triglycerides over Activated Alumina....Pages 1000-1015
High Liquid Yields from Lignin Via Catalytic Hydropyrolysls....Pages 1016-1031
Catalytic Upgrading of Wood Derived Bio-Oil over HZSM-5 Catalyst: Effect of Co-Feeding Steam....Pages 1032-1046
High Oil Yields from Euphorbia Rigida Via Hydropyrolysis....Pages 1047-1052
Front Matter....Pages 725-725
Mild Hydropyrolysis of Biomass Materials: Effect of Pressure on Product Tar Structures....Pages 1053-1067
Detailed Chemical Characterization of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils, Polar Fractions....Pages 1068-1085
Characterization of Bio-Oils Produced by Pyrolysis....Pages 1086-1094
The Characterization of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oils....Pages 1095-1102
Pyrolysis of Euphorbia Rigida from Central Anatolia....Pages 1103-1109
Mass and Energy Distribution of the Pyrolysis Products from Straw....Pages 1110-1121
The Rotating Cone Flash Pyrolysis Reactor....Pages 1122-1133
Design of a Novel Ablative Pyrolysis Reactor....Pages 1134-1150
Design Concept and Hydrodynamics of an Air-Blown Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor for Biomass Flash Pyrolysis....Pages 1151-1164
Conceptual Design and Evaluation of a Biomass Vacuum Pyrolysis Plant....Pages 1165-1186
Steam Gasification Versus Fast Pyrolysis to Produce Medium Calorific Value Gaseous Fuel....Pages 1187-1196
Pyrolysis/Gasification of Biomass in Presence of Dolomite in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed....Pages 1197-1204
Combustion Tests of Bio-Oils Derived from Biomass Slow Pyrolysis....Pages 1205-1213
A Thermochemical Hydrophobic Oleophilic form of Biomass for Oil and Chemical Absorption....Pages 1214-1221
Chemicals by Biomass Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed....Pages 1222-1229
Preparing and Characterizing Electrode Grade Carbons from Eucalyptus Pyrolysis Products....Pages 1230-1241
Biomass Gasification for Industrial Production of Tar and Charcoal....Pages 1242-1256
The EGEMIN Flash Pyrolysis Process: Commissioning and Initial Results....Pages 1257-1264
Atomisation and Combustion of Slow Pyrolysis Biomass Oils....Pages 1265-1274
Applications of Rapid Thermal Processing of Biomass....Pages 1275-1288
Front Matter....Pages 725-725
Continuous Charcoal Production — A Brazilian Experience....Pages 1289-1298
Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Requirements for Thermochemical Biomass Liquefaction....Pages 1299-1313
Economic Assessment of a Wood Fast Pyrolysis Plant....Pages 1314-1324
IEA Technoeconomic Analysis of the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Gasoline by the NREL Process....Pages 1325-1342
Techno-Economics of Pyrolysis Oil Production and Upgrading....Pages 1343-1357
Process Development and End-Use Applications Workshop Summary....Pages 1359-1364
Front Matter....Pages 1365-1365
Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming Glucose in Supercritical Water....Pages 1367-1377
Analysis of Oil Derived from Liquefaction of Sewage Sludge....Pages 1378-1384
Thermochemical Treatment of Waste Molasses....Pages 1385-1399
Front Matter....Pages 1401-1401
Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygenated Model Compounds: Simulation of the Hydro-Purification of Bio-Oils....Pages 1403-1414
Solvolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Wood....Pages 1415-1423
Hydroprocessing of Oil from Biomass Liquefaction....Pages 1424-1431
Thermal Conversion of Cellulose and Hemicellulose in Wood to Sugars....Pages 1432-1440
Levoglucosan Recovery from Cellulose and Wood Pyrolysis Liquids....Pages 1441-1451
Glyoxal Production from Biomass Pyrolysis Derived Hydroxyacetaldehyde....Pages 1452-1455
Biomass Derived Calcium Carboxylates....Pages 1456-1459
Bench Scale Plant for Continuous Hydrotreating of Oils from Biomass....Pages 1460-1464
Fractionation of Wood Tar....Pages 1465-1474
Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oils....Pages 1475-1483
Potential Applications and Markets for Biomass-Derived Levoglucosan....Pages 1484-1494
Front Matter....Pages 1401-1401
Report of the Workshop on Catalytic Processes in Liquefaction of Biomass....Pages 1495-1501
Workshop on Chemicals from Biomass....Pages 1502-1504
Front Matter....Pages 1505-1505
Measurement of Organic Emissions During Oven Drying of Wood....Pages 1507-1521
Volatile Organic Compounds — Emissions from Biomass Combustion....Pages 1522-1532
Behaviour of Organic Compounds in Biomass Drying....Pages 1533-1544
Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Rice Straw....Pages 1545-1557
The Depolymerization of Lignin via Aqueous Alkaline Oxidation....Pages 1558-1571
Biomass Fractionation by Hot Compressed Liquid Water....Pages 1572-1582
Acid Hydrolysis of Glycosidic Bonds in Polysaccharides: Modelling and Stochastic Simulation....Pages 1583-1597
Upgrading Nonwood Fibres by Chemical Impregnation and High-Pressure Pulping....Pages 1598-1624
Phosphorus-31 NMR Analysis of Steam Explosion Lignins....Pages 1625-1633
Selected Aspects in Accordance and Analogy to the Bit Granulation Technology....Pages 1634-1644
Spontaneous Ignition — A Hazard in Biomass-Fueled Power Production....Pages 1645-1658
Steam-Aqueous Fractionation of Sugar Cane Bagasse: An Optimization Study of Process Conditions at the Pilot Plant Level....Pages 1659-1669
Feeding of Biomass into Gasifiers and Pyrolysis Units, Using a Dynamic Biomass Seal....Pages 1670-1677
Progress in Thermochemical, Solid-State Refining of Biofuels — From Research to Commercialization....Pages 1678-1692
The Hydrolysis of Peat at Short Residence Time Using Tubular Reactors: Characterization of the Hydrolyzate....Pages 1693-1700
Status of the IEA Voluntary Standards Activity — Round Robins on Whole Wood and Lignins....Pages 1701-1716