Advances in Sensing with Security Applications (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology)

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
1 Introduction......Page 14
3 Bistatic essentials......Page 16
4 Passive Coherent Location (PCL)......Page 20
5 Multistatic radar......Page 29
6 Conclusions......Page 33
References......Page 34
1 Introduction......Page 36
2 What is Terrorism?......Page 37
3 General Trends in Terrorism......Page 38
4 Significant Domestic Threats......Page 45
5 State Sponsored Terrorism......Page 49
6 Future Threats......Page 51
7 Preventions Efforts — The Role of Sensors......Page 57
8 Improving Sensors......Page 62
References......Page 63
1 Energies that affect earth living organisms survival......Page 68
2 The emergence of a nervous system......Page 69
3 Neurons as excitable cells......Page 70
4 Sensory neurons......Page 74
6 Molecules of sensory transduction......Page 75
7 Hearing system and mechanosensation......Page 76
9 Pain receptors......Page 77
10 Olfaction......Page 78
12 General view of the sensory systems......Page 79
References......Page 80
Chemical sensors and chemical sensor systems: Fundamentals limitations and new trends......Page 81
1 Introduction–Parameters......Page 82
2 Fundamentals Devices......Page 88
3 Thermopiles......Page 97
4 Kelvin Probe......Page 98
6 Surface Acoustic Waves......Page 99
7 Natural and Artificial Olfaction......Page 100
8 Optical Fibre Sensor......Page 103
9 Surface Plasmon Resonance......Page 104
10 Conclusions......Page 105
References......Page 106
Wireless Sensor Networks for Security: Issues and Challenges......Page 107
1 Introduction......Page 108
2 Neyman-Pearson Detection......Page 113
3 Breach Probability Analysis......Page 115
4 Data Processing Architecture for Target Tracking......Page 118
5 Maximum Mutual Information Based Sensor Selection Algorithm......Page 121
6 Simulation Results......Page 123
7 Conclusion......Page 126
References......Page 128
Internet-Scale Chemical Sensing: Is it more than a vision?......Page 132
1 Introduction......Page 133
2 Chemical Sensing and Biosensing......Page 134
3 Miniaturised Analytical Instruments — Lab on a Chip Devices......Page 138
4 Analytical Device Hierarchy......Page 142
5 Networking Options......Page 144
6 Integrating Chemical Sensors and Biosensors with Wireless Networks......Page 145
7 Scale-up Issues for Densely Distributed Analytical Devices......Page 146
8 Chemo- & Bio-warfare Agents......Page 151
9 Sensor communities and group behaviour......Page 152
10 pHealth......Page 153
11 Conclusions......Page 154
References......Page 155
1 Feature extraction......Page 158
3 Normalization......Page 161
4 Multivariate data exploration......Page 164
5 Principal Component Analysis......Page 165
6 Supervised Classification......Page 168
7 Linear Discrimination......Page 170
8 Application to the investigation of Chemical Sensors properties......Page 172
9 Conclusions......Page 177
References......Page 178
Fundamentals of Tomography and Radar......Page 181
2 Imaging and Resolution......Page 182
3 Tomographic Imaging......Page 184
4 The Projection Slice Theorem......Page 185
5 Tomography of Moving Targets......Page 186
7 Automatic Target Recognition......Page 188
8 Bandwidth Extrapolation......Page 191
9 Target-matched Illumination......Page 193
10 Conclusion......Page 195
References......Page 196
Remote Sensing using Space Based Radar......Page 198
2 Geometry......Page 199
3 Range Foldover and Earth’s Rotation......Page 208
4 Application of STAP for SBR......Page 215
5 Orthogonal Pulsing Scheme......Page 220
References......Page 221
1 Introduction......Page 223
2 Radar fundamentals......Page 225
3 Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar......Page 232
4 Noise Radar......Page 234
5 Noise radar range equation......Page 238
6 Bi-static and multi-static continuous wave radars......Page 241
7 Target identification in continuous wave radars......Page 244
References......Page 247
1 Introduction......Page 251
2 Atmospheric Limitations......Page 252
3 Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Sources of Radiation......Page 255
4 Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Detectors and Receivers......Page 257
5 Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Optics......Page 260
6 Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Systems......Page 262
7 Summary......Page 271
References......Page 274
1 Introduction......Page 277
2 Radar Fundamentals......Page 278
3 Sensor Management — Overview......Page 283
4 Theory of Waveform Libraries......Page 285
5 Sensor scheduling simulations and results......Page 290
References......Page 299
1 Introduction......Page 300
2 Combination of LFMCW and FSK modulation principles for automotive radar systems......Page 301
3 Automotive Radar Network Based On 77GHz FMCW Sensors......Page 305
4 Range CFAR Techniques......Page 317
References......Page 328
Tomography of Moving Targets (TMT) for Security and Surveillance......Page 330
1 Introduction......Page 331
2 Tomography Concept and Framework......Page 332
3 Bistatic Geometry and Observables......Page 337
4 Matched Filter Processing (MFP)......Page 338
6 TMT MFP Simulation......Page 340
References......Page 345
1 Introduction......Page 347
2 NIR Imaging and Spectroscopy Systems......Page 349
3 Hemodynamic Response......Page 351
4 Neuronal Response......Page 359
5 Human Subject Studies......Page 361
6 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions......Page 369
References......Page 370
S......Page 379
W......Page 380