Advances in Material Science and Engineering: Selected Articles from ICMMPE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Design of Permanent Rectification for Flare Stack Structure by Using Finite Element Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Finite Element Analysis
		2.2 Experimental Validation Setup
		2.3 Welding Stress Analysis
	3 Finding
		3.1 Finite Element Analysis
		3.2 Validation
		3.3 Welding Stress Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of a Swirl Toroidal Trapped Vortex Miniature Combustor
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Design Considerations
	3 Experimental Setup
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Aerodynamics Investigation of the Combustion Chamber
		4.2 Aerodynamics Investigation of the Combustor Exhaust
		4.3 Combustion Dynamics
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experienced of Thermal Fatigue Failure on Closed Blowdown System Line in Delay Coker Unit
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
		2.1 Problem to Be Countered
		2.2 Analysis on Crack
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Study on the Effects of Sloshing in a Spherical Tank Using Double-Side Curved Baffle
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Geometrical Particulars of the Tank and Double-Side Curved Baffle
		2.2 Numerical Background
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Sloshing Results
		3.2 Comparison on Filling Levels Effects on Sloshing Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis on the Performance of Logistics Companies with TOPSIS Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
	3 Empirical Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Effects of Double-Side Curved Baffle Height on the Liquid Sloshing of a Spherical Tank—Numerical Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Geometric Parameters of Double-Side Curved Baffle and Spherical Tank
		2.2 Numerical Analysis in ANSYS CFX Software
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Sloshing Analysis
		3.2 Overall Comparison of Sloshing Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Water-In-Fuel (Diesel and Biodiesel) Emulsions on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 Mechanical Agitator and Emulsion Preparing
		2.2 Engine Specifications and Apparatus
		2.3 Uncertainty Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Survey to Water-In-Diesel Emulsion Characteristics as an Alternative Fuel for CI Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Background on Fuel Emulsion
		2.1 Preparing Description of Preparation Processes
		2.2 Emulsion Stability
	3 Influence of W/D Emulsion on Combustion Process
	4 Influence of W/D Emulsion on Engine Performance and Emissions
	5 Summary
	6 Conclusions
	References
Investment of Blending Biofuels and Nanoparticles with Conventional Diesel Fuel to Improve Combustion Process—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Background on Biodiesel Fuel
		2.1 Biodiesel Production
		2.2 Physicochemical Properties of Biofuel
	3 Influence of Nano-Additives on Engine Performance and Emissions
	4 Summary
	References
Strategic Maintenance Decision Making Under Adverse Contribution Margins—A Case Study in a Cement Plant
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Analysis and Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Appendix
	References
Development of Remote Laboratory System with Multi-degree Viewing Access in Support for Distance Learning Initiative
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Development of Viewing Mobility System
		2.2 Integration of Viewing System into Web Application
		2.3 Complete Web-Based Laboratory Facility
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design and Fabrication of a Gasifier for the Production of Liquid Fuel—A Case Study of Spondias mombin
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Sample Harvesting
		2.2 Moisture Content of the Feedstock
		2.3 Material Consideration and Selection
		2.4 Analyses and Design Calculations
		2.5 Determination of Moisture Content of the Feedstock
		2.6 Fabrication Stage
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Start-Up Time (ST)
		3.2 Operating Time (OT)
		3.3 Total Operating Time (TOT)
		3.4 Fuel Consumption Rate (FCR)
		3.5 Specific Gasification Rate (SGR)
		3.6 Combustion Zone Rate (CZR)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Impact and Hardness Behaviours of Heat-Treated Aluminium 6101 Alloy Quenched in Different Waste Media
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Purpose of Heat Treatment
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methodology
		2.3 Characterization of Quenched Materials
		2.4 Microstructural Evolution Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Impact Test Results
		3.2 Hardness Test Results
		3.3 Microstructural Analysis Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Torrefied Corncob and Rice Husk Briquettes: Modeling and Simulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Experimentation
		2.2 Mechanical Properties of the Briquettes
		2.3 Modeling and Simulation of the Briquettes
		2.4 Coefficient of Correlation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Shatter Index
		3.2 Compressive Strength
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study and Analysis of Challenges in Wind Energy Implementation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Renewable Energy
		1.2 Wind Energy
		1.3 Wind Turbine
		1.4 Malaysian Climate
	2 Challenges
		2.1 Manufacturing Costs
		2.2 Fabrication and Transportation
		2.3 Technology and Skills Availability
		2.4 Policies and Implementation
	3 Wind Turbine Challenges
		3.1 Flora and Fauna
		3.2 Social View
		3.3 Climate Change
	4 Malaysia
	5 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Milling on Hardness and Optical Transmission of PMMA Lenses
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Design of Experiment
		2.2 Preprocessing
		2.3 Experimentation and Post-Processing
		2.4 Results Presentation
	3 Analysis and Discussion
		3.1 Experimental Analysis
		3.2 Mathematical Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Combined Torrefaction and Densification of Rice Husk: Effect of Process Parameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Characterization of the Raw Rice Husk
		3.2 Torrefaction Yields
		3.3 Characterization of the Densification Products
	4 Conclusion
	References
Noise Sensitivity of Mode Shape and Mode Shape Difference to Damage Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Two-Dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform
	3 Plate Numerical Models and Continuous Wavelet Transform Analysis
	4 Wavelet Transform Analysis Results
		4.1 Plate with Four Sides Fixed
		4.2 Plate with Two Opposite Sides Fixed
		4.3 Plate with One Side Fixed
	5 Parametric Study
		5.1 Plate with Four Sides Fixed
		5.2 Plate with Two Opposite Sides Fixed
		5.3 Plate with One Side Fixed
	6 Conclusions
	References
Conversion of Industrial Steel Waste to Smart Lightweight Structures Toward Sustainable Development Goal 12
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Material and Method
		2.1 Material Preparation
		2.2 Compressive Strength Test
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Strength Test
		3.2 Impact Assessment
	4 Conclusions
	References
Strategy to Manage Rock Quarries by Reducing Harvested Aggregates Towards Eco-Building Concept
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Material and Method
		2.1 Material Preparation
		2.2 Splitting Tensile Strength
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Splitting Tensile Strength
		3.2 Impact Assessment
	4 Conclusions
	References
Access Control System for Safety Feature of Lock: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Recognition
		2.1 Fingerprint Recognition
		2.2 Face Recognition
		2.3 Iris Recognition
	3 Other Methods
		3.1 Voice Recognition
		3.2 Palm Vein Recognition
	4 Conclusions
	References
Selection of Materials Based on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings and Their Failures—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Requirements for TBCs
	3 Material Properties
		3.1 Top-Coat
		3.2 Bond Coat
		3.3 Thermally Grown Oxide
		3.4 Substrate
	4 Types of Failures in TBCs
		4.1 Hot Corrosion
		4.2 Residuary Stress
		4.3 Sintering Reaction
		4.4 Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminosilicate Attack
		4.5 Interdiffusion and Oxidation
	5 Conclusion
	References
A New Methodology to Investigate the Removal Crater Volume in the Particles Blended of Electrical Discharge Operation (EDO)
	1 Introduction
	2 Investigation Environment
	3 Model of Crater Topology
	4 Thermal Inputs and Boundaries
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Time-Dependent Corrosion Resistance Investigation of Hydrophobic Magnesium Alloys
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Method
	3 Case Studies
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Hybrid Control Scheme for Magnetorheological Elastomer Under Impact Loading Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of Magnetorheological Isolator Device Under Impact Loading
	3 Control Scheme
		3.1 Skyhook Controller
		3.2 Active Force Control (AFC)
		3.3 Current Generator
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Influence of the Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Content Variation on the Microstructure, Density, and Compressive Properties of Established Porous Magnesium (Mg)
	1 Introduction
	2 Raw Materials and Processing of Porous Mg via Powder Metallurgy Technique
		2.1 Raw Materials
		2.2 Sample Preparation via Powder Metallurgy Technique
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microstructure of Porous Mg at Different PMMA Content
		3.2 Sintered Density and Porosity of Porous Mg
		3.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
		3.4 Compressive Behavior of Porous Mg
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of Joint Configuration for Aluminum 6061 Tailor Welded Blank with Dissimilar Thicknesses Using Friction Stir Welding
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Tensile Result
		3.2 Hardness Result
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Evaluation Model of Lean Technique Implementation in Remanufacturing Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Case Study
		2.2 Lean Tools Score Equation
	3 Result
		3.1 5S Assessment Score
		3.2 Kaizen Assessment Score
		3.3 VSM Assessment Score
		3.4 The Overall Lean Score
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design for Assembly and Disassembly on Product Design of Flat Panel Display
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Disassembly Time
		2.2 Assembly and Disassembly Force Analysis Model
		2.3 Case Study
	3 Results
		3.1 Enhancement of Disassembly Time
		3.2 Assembly and Disassembly Force Analysis
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Flexural Strength Optimization for Hybrid Glass/Jute Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Fabricated via Vacuum Infusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Processing
		2.3 Design of Experiments
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Specific Strength of Sandwich-Structured Composite of Open-Cell Metallic Foam/Resin Joined by Friction Stir Incremental Forming
	1 Introduction
	2 Joining of Open-Cell Foam and Resin Sheet by Friction Stir Incremental Forming (FSIF)
	3 Experimental Conditions
		3.1 Open-Cell Foam and Resin Sheet
		3.2 FSIF Conditions
		3.3 Compression Test Conditions
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Interface of Foam/Resin
		4.2 Compressive Deformation Behavior
	5 Discussion on Improvement of Specific Strength of Nickel Foam/Resin Sheet Composite
	6 Conclusion
	References
Interface Damage and Delamination Behaviour Prediction of HAp Coating in Artificial Femoral Stem Component of Total Hip Replacement
	1 Introduction
	2 Material
	3 Finite Element (FE) Simulation Approach
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 FE Model Validation
		4.2 The Influence of Coating Thickness
		4.3 The Influence of Porous Bone Elastic Modulus
		4.4 The Influence of Cortical Bone Elastic Modulus
		4.5 The Influence of Friction Coefficient
		4.6 The Influence of Hip Implant Material
		4.7 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) Reinforced with Magnesium Hydroxide for Biomedical Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
		3.2 Mechanical Testing
		3.3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
	4 Conclusions
	References
Development of Composite Aerostructure for UAV Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
AC Pipe Structural Dynamic Characterization in On–Off Vehicle Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Geometry Modeling
		2.2 Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA)
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Frequency Response Function (FRF)
		3.2 Mode Shapes
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Numerical Simulation for Evaluation of Dimensions of Bead Geometry and Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) of the Weld Joint
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Designs
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Arc Welding
		2.3 Characteristics for Material Joint
	3 Numerical Simulations
		3.1 Heat Transfer Model
		3.2 Heat Source Model
		3.3 Simulation Setup
	4 Validation of Numerical Simulation
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Corrosion Behavior of Laser-Welded Ti6Al4V in 3.5%Wt NaCl
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Laser Welding of Ti6Al4V
		2.2 Corrosion Studies
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microstructure of Laser-Welded Samples
		3.2 Corrosion Analyses
	4 Conclusions
	References
Electrochemical Studies on the Effect of Concentration on the Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Cysteine Inhibition Efficiency in an Acidic Solution
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Potentiodynamic Polarization
		3.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
		3.3 Equivalent Circuit
	4 Conclusion
	References