Advances in marine biology. Volume 1

Preface
 Influenza Viruses: A Threat to Marine Mammals Populations
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Influenza Outbreaks in Seal and
 Whale Populations
 Genetic Background of Marine Mammals Influenza Viruses
 Marine Mammals and Public Health
 Conclusion
 References
 Marine Sponge Compounds with Anti-Inflammatory Activity in 2012-2016
 and Their Mechanism of Action
 Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Marine Sponge's Anti-Inflammatory Activity
 3. Chemical Structures of Compounds Isolated and Their Mechanism of Action
 4. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Bacteria Associated with Marine Sponges. 5. Synthetic Compounds from the Marine Sponge Compounds LeadConclusion
 References
 Helminth Diversity of Cetaceans: An Update
 Abstract
 Parasitism in Cetaceans
 Helminths of Cetaceans
 A
 Acknowledgments
 References
 Effect of Clays on the the Removal of Okadaic Acid from Seawater
 Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Materials and Methods
 2.1. Selection of Clays
 2.2. Seawater Sampling
 2.3. Clay Suspensions Preparation
 2.4 Okadaic Acid Analysis
 3. Results
 4. Discussion
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgments
 References. Biomarker Response in Black Sea Scorpion Fish Scorpaena porcus to Anthropogenic ImpactAbstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Materials and Methods
 2.1. Materials
 2.2. Biochemical Assays
 Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
 Aminotransferases Activity
 Cholinesterase (ChE) Activity
 Oxidized Proteins (OP) Concentration
 TBARS Level
 Chemiluminescence Analysis
 Total Soluble Protein Concentration
 2.3. Statistical Analysis
 3. Results
 3.1. Ecological Characteristics of Tested Sites
 3.2. Biomarkers Response
 Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
 Cholinesterase Activity
 Aminotransferase Activity. TBARS ConcentrationChemiluminescence Level
 Oxidized Proteins (OP) Concentration
 4. Discussion
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgments
 References
 Trophic Ecology of the Shortfin Mako Isurus oxyrinchus (Lamniformes: Lamnidae) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
 Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Methods and Statistical Analyses Applied in the Trophic Ecology of Isurus oxyrinchus
 2.1. Stomach Content Analysis Applied to the Trophic Ecology of Isurus oxyrinchus
 2.1.1. Prey Identification
 2.1.2. Cumulative Prey Curves
 2.1.3. Diet Analysis
 2.1.4. Trophic Overlap
 2.1.5. Niche Breadth and Trophic Level. 2.1.6. Feeding Strategy2.1.7. Consumption by Sharks of Key Prey Species
 2.2. Stable Isotopic Analysis
 2.2.1. Sampling and Isotopic Analysis
 2.2.2. Trophic Level based on Isotope Values
 2.3. Trophic Ecology of Isurus oxyrinchus in the Eastern Pacific
 2.3.1. Feeding Habits of Isurus oxyrinchus
 2.3.2. Stable Isotopic Analysis of Isurus Oxyrinchus
 3. Feeding Description of Isurus oxyrinchus in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
 3.1. Results of Stomach Content Analysis
 3.1.1. Central Area "Ecuadorian Pacific"
 General Description of I. oxyrinchus Caught in the Central Area
 Prey Identification.