Advances In Manufacturing Technology VIII: Proceedings Of 10th National Conference On Manufacturing Research (Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Acknowledgements......Page 20
Preface......Page 21
Keynote address......Page 23
Introduction to the Conference......Page 24
Observable Trends—Globalisation, Increased Complexity and Increased Rate of Change......Page 25
Dealing with Complexity, Globalisation and Change......Page 27
References......Page 28
Manufacturing management......Page 30
Introduction......Page 305
Benefits......Page 306
Impact......Page 307
Shortcomings of the Awards......Page 308
Conclusions......Page 309
References......Page 310
Introduction......Page 299
Components of the Survey......Page 300
Summary of Survey Results......Page 301
Summary and Future Research......Page 303
References......Page 304
Introduction......Page 294
Objective......Page 295
Constraint......Page 296
Fuzzy programming and decision......Page 297
References......Page 298
Introduction......Page 287
The Turbine Blade Cell......Page 288
Local Production Control......Page 289
Results......Page 291
Conclusions......Page 293
Existing Research......Page 281
Scheduling Philosophy......Page 282
Management Role in Production Planning......Page 283
Semantic data models......Page 284
Summary and Conclusions......Page 285
References......Page 286
Introduction......Page 274
GRAI Grid......Page 275
The study......Page 276
Bottom Up Analysis (Construction Of GRAI Nets)......Page 277
References......Page 278
Introduction......Page 269
Benchmarking Study......Page 270
PPC System Checklist......Page 272
References......Page 273
Introduction......Page 263
Application to Betts—Establishing the Blueprint......Page 264
Customer Survey—Market Focus......Page 266
Scrap Measurement—Communication, Measurement & People......Page 267
References......Page 268
Introduction......Page 257
Case Study: Britax Lamp Assembly (see SERC contract No.GR/F 70037)......Page 258
Case Study: Monitoring Single Point Lathe Tool......Page 260
Discussions......Page 261
References......Page 262
Introduction......Page 252
Cellular Manufacturing Results......Page 253
Cellular Manufacture—The Shortfalls and their Cure......Page 254
Job Design......Page 255
References......Page 256
1.  Introduction......Page 246
2.  Model and Theory......Page 247
3.  Methodology for Developing Database Structure......Page 248
4.  Applications......Page 249
6.  References......Page 251
Introduction......Page 239
Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems......Page 240
Introduction......Page 241
Overview of the QFD Process......Page 242
Conclusions......Page 243
References......Page 244
Introduction......Page 233
Tool Repair......Page 234
New Structure......Page 235
Re-Layout......Page 236
Results......Page 237
References......Page 238
Introduction......Page 227
Framework for Production Planning and Control in Cellular manufacturing......Page 228
Conclusions......Page 231
References......Page 232
Introduction......Page 222
Key competitive requirements......Page 223
The new factory layout......Page 224
Training requirements......Page 225
References......Page 226
Introduction......Page 216
Concept Cellular Manufacturing......Page 217
Developing A Focus......Page 218
Analysis......Page 219
Change Review......Page 220
References......Page 221
Introduction......Page 209
Examining links between Investment and Performance: The Literature......Page 210
Data and Methodology......Page 211
2.  Specifying the lag lengths......Page 212
Empirical Results......Page 213
References......Page 214
Introduction......Page 202
Approaching FMS implementation and feasibility studies.......Page 203
Planning for the FMS system......Page 206
Summary......Page 207
References......Page 208
1.  Group Technology......Page 193
2.  Cellular Production......Page 194
3.  Finding GT Groups and Families......Page 197
Conclusions......Page 198
References......Page 200
The Development of Organisations......Page 187
Structure......Page 188
Systems......Page 189
Structure......Page 190
Culture......Page 191
References......Page 192
AN SME’S APPROACH TO HARNESSING THE WORKFORCE......Page 181
Reference......Page 184
The research base......Page 175
Uncertainty......Page 176
Non-rational decision making......Page 177
Empowerment......Page 178
References......Page 179
1.  Introduction......Page 168
4.  High-Productivity Management—Back To Basics......Page 169
5.  Non-Conformist Management......Page 170
6.1  Bonus Working In Engineering......Page 171
6.2  Job Enrichment......Page 172
References......Page 173
Introduction......Page 162
The Charting Method......Page 163
Relative Positions......Page 164
Charting Past Progress......Page 165
Compatibility......Page 166
References......Page 167
Introduction......Page 156
Competitive Advantage and Small Firms......Page 157
Two Small Manufacturers in the South West......Page 158
Linking Performance Measures To Competitive Advantage......Page 159
References......Page 161
Introduction......Page 150
The ‘Dimensions’ of Integrated Performance Measurement Systems......Page 151
Reference Models......Page 152
Supply Chain Integration......Page 153
References......Page 154
Introduction......Page 144
OPT, the implementation.......Page 145
The manufacturing system, planning the improvements.......Page 146
OPT, creating the schedule.......Page 147
Conclusion.......Page 148
References.......Page 149
Introduction......Page 137
Manufacturing Strategy in Context......Page 138
Strategic Trade-offs......Page 139
Case Study Examples......Page 140
Conclusions......Page 142
References......Page 143
Introduction......Page 133
Phase 3 Analyse Existing Processes......Page 134
Case study......Page 135
References......Page 136
EDUCATION’S ROLE IN MRP......Page 126
Software Tools......Page 127
Instruction......Page 128
Exercise 2......Page 129
References......Page 130
Introduction......Page 120
Background Methodology......Page 121
The Nine Step Implementation Methodology......Page 122
Recommendations......Page 124
References......Page 125
Introduction......Page 114
The Learning Revolution......Page 115
Industry-academic links: the best of both worlds......Page 117
References......Page 119
INSTALLING MRP & CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT A BOTTOM UP IMPLEMENTATION......Page 107
CONCLUSIONS......Page 112
Introduction: defining innovation......Page 101
Business Strategy......Page 102
Chapmans Agricultural Ltd......Page 103
Allform Tools Ltd......Page 104
Summary and Conclusions......Page 105
References......Page 106
Introduction......Page 93
2.  The Multifactor Productivity Measurement Model (MFPMM)......Page 94
Methodology, Analysis and Results......Page 95
References......Page 98
Introduction......Page 87
Product West (PW)......Page 88
Product East (PE)......Page 89
Fully Integrated Financial and Manufacturing Software Systems.......Page 90
Overall Satisfaction.......Page 91
References......Page 92
Introduction......Page 81
Models and their application within a BPR methodology......Page 83
Deficiencies in Hard and soft systems approaches......Page 84
References......Page 86
The Use of Benchmarking......Page 75
Competitive Benchmarking......Page 76
Obtaining Cooperation......Page 77
Selection and design of comparative practice and performance measures......Page 78
References......Page 80
Advanced Manufacturing Technology......Page 69
Productivity......Page 70
Total systems......Page 71
Research to develop measures of efficiency......Page 72
References......Page 73
1.0  Introduction......Page 63
3.0  Definition of the problems encountered by small companies......Page 64
4.0  The development of the Management Information Systems for small companies......Page 65
5.0  What can small firms do in this case?......Page 66
6.0.  Conclusions......Page 67
References......Page 68
Introduction......Page 57
The Process Literature......Page 58
Critique of Model......Page 59
References......Page 61
Introduction......Page 50
Background......Page 51
A Reference Model For Business Integration......Page 52
Discussion and Closing Remarks......Page 53
References......Page 54
A few examples of seasonality and seasonal industries......Page 44
What problems can be caused by seasonally?......Page 45
1.  Improving seasonality of production......Page 46
4.  Combining products with different seasonalities......Page 48
References......Page 49
Driving Forces for Change......Page 37
Model 1. Serial or Traditional Communication and Logistic Routes Within the Supply Chain......Page 38
Model 3. Pro-active Material Supplier Supply Chain Communication Developments......Page 39
Stock Issues......Page 41
Acknowledgements......Page 42
References......Page 43
Introduction and History......Page 31
BS7750 Environmental Management Systems......Page 32
Preparatory Environmental Review (PER)......Page 33
Operational Control......Page 34
Conclusions......Page 35
References......Page 36
Process planning......Page 311
Introduction......Page 312
Feature recognition......Page 313
Neural network and its applications......Page 314
Machine feature extracting from STEP/PDES......Page 315
Conclusions and future works......Page 316
References......Page 317
1.  Introduction......Page 319
2.  Component Data Model......Page 320
3.2  Machining operations......Page 321
4.  Prototype System for Equipment Selection......Page 323
5.  Conclusions......Page 324
6.  References......Page 325
Introduction......Page 326
Enhancements to CAD Systems......Page 327
Knowledge Based CAD Systems......Page 329
References......Page 330
Introduction......Page 332
PEPS Product......Page 333
Intelligent Database Support Structure......Page 334
Information Supplied at Tool Selection.......Page 335
Future Work......Page 336
Introduction......Page 338
System Description (Ex-catsmill)......Page 339
Optimisation of cutting conditions......Page 340
References......Page 343
Introduction......Page 344
Dimensions and tolerances......Page 345
Current Geometric Modellers and Tolerancing......Page 346
Feature-based Component Representation......Page 347
Implementation......Page 348
Conclusions......Page 349
References......Page 350
Introduction......Page 351
Clamping Strategy......Page 352
Machining Strategy......Page 353
Rearrangement of Machined Features......Page 355
References......Page 356
Resolving Feature Interactions in Design for Injection Moulding......Page 358
1.1.  Functional features.......Page 359
1.2.  Mouldability features.......Page 360
2.0  Managing feature interactions-form, function, mouldability.......Page 361
3.0.  Conclusions.......Page 362
5.0.  References.......Page 363
Introduction......Page 364
Mapping the machinery language to a new restricted language......Page 367
Discussion and Conclusions.......Page 368
References.......Page 369
Issues in automatic model acquisition......Page 370
Estimating the transform between views......Page 372
View registration and model postprocessing......Page 373
References......Page 374
Introduction......Page 375
CADEXCATS Development......Page 376
Work piece representation......Page 377
Example and evaluation......Page 378
Discussion and conclusions......Page 379
References......Page 380
Introduction......Page 381
Feature Definition and Representation......Page 382
The User Interface System......Page 384
References......Page 385
Introduction......Page 387
A Methodology for Extracting Manufacturing Features......Page 389
The Through Slot Recognition Algorithm......Page 390
References......Page 391
Introduction......Page 393
The Process Planning Activity......Page 394
Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture (CADCAM)......Page 395
The Planning Approach......Page 396
The Automated Reasoning Approach......Page 397
Conclusions......Page 398
References......Page 399
Introduction......Page 400
A flexible component......Page 401
Precedence of machined features......Page 402
Sequencing model in software design......Page 403
References......Page 404
Systems integration and modelling......Page 406
Introduction......Page 407
The artificial intelligence formalism selected for the schema......Page 408
Development of a prototype conceptual graph processor......Page 409
Development of a conceptual graph based model......Page 410
Further work on the model......Page 411
References......Page 412
Introduction......Page 414
The EXPRESS language and it’s use in the PDES/STEP standard......Page 415
Accessing The Information Structures......Page 416
The Application Programming Environment (APE)......Page 417
Conclusions......Page 418
References......Page 419
Introduction......Page 420
Project Background/Software Environment......Page 421
Integration and Interfacing Using EXPRESS Models......Page 422
References......Page 425
Introduction......Page 426
Computer Integrated Manufacture......Page 427
Case Study......Page 429
References......Page 432
Introduction......Page 433
Conceptual Schema......Page 434
External Schema......Page 435
The SPEAR Project......Page 436
Conclusions drawn from the case study......Page 437
References......Page 438
Introduction......Page 439
Case Study......Page 440
Development of a Holistic System Appraisal......Page 441
Achieving Further Strategic Benefit from Systems Integration......Page 443
Conclusions......Page 444
Introduction......Page 446
The Model Enactment Capability......Page 447
The Business Entity......Page 448
Resource Manager......Page 450
Summary......Page 451
References......Page 452
Introduction......Page 453
Control Architectures......Page 454
Communications and Real Time Control......Page 455
i)  National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)—Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF)......Page 456
Market Analysis......Page 457
References......Page 458
Introduction......Page 460
Overview of the IMDC Environment......Page 462
Case Study......Page 463
Conclusions......Page 464
References......Page 465
Introduction......Page 467
A brief review of the IDEF3 method.......Page 468
An IDEF3 case study......Page 469
References......Page 471
Simulation and scheduling......Page 474
System Performance......Page 475
Production Schedule......Page 477
Performance Based on System Capacity......Page 478
Performance Based on Queuing Systems......Page 479
Performance Based on Simulation......Page 480
References......Page 481
Introduction......Page 482
Experimental Framework......Page 483
Machine Scheduling Heuristic......Page 484
Experimental Results and Discussion......Page 485
Conclusions......Page 486
References......Page 487
Introduction......Page 488
Abbreviations......Page 489
Transport Requirements......Page 490
Tooling Requirements And Tooling Usage......Page 491
References......Page 492
Introduction......Page 496
Problems when simulating transfer lines.......Page 497
Simulated Annealing......Page 498
Example 1.......Page 499
Example 2......Page 500
Acknowledgements......Page 501
Introduction......Page 502
Robot welding assembly cells.......Page 503
Cell modelling......Page 504
Off-line program generation......Page 505
References......Page 506
Introduction......Page 507
Production Schedule......Page 508
Workstation Queues......Page 510
Multiple Workstations......Page 511
References......Page 512
SIMULATION IN THE DESIGN AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF A PORCELAIN PRODUCTION LINE......Page 513
Why Simulation?......Page 514
The Model......Page 515
Experimentation......Page 516
Conclusions......Page 517
References......Page 518
Introduction......Page 519
Process Sequence Cells......Page 520
Simulation......Page 521
Conclusion......Page 523
References......Page 524
Introduction......Page 525
Process Model......Page 526
Process Outputs......Page 528
References......Page 530
Introduction......Page 531
Expert System......Page 532
Expert Systems in Simulation......Page 533
The Proposed System......Page 534
REFERENCES:......Page 535
Introduction......Page 537
The Hybrid Model......Page 538
Case Study......Page 540
Discussion of Results......Page 541
References......Page 542
Introduction......Page 543
Genetic Algorithms......Page 544
Conclusion......Page 545
References......Page 546
Introduction......Page 548
Observed Requirements......Page 549
High and Low Level Objects......Page 550
An Application Example......Page 551
References......Page 553
Introduction......Page 554
Combining O.R. and A.I. in Scheduling......Page 555
Control Strategies in Scheduling......Page 556
Proposed Control Strategy for Expert System Scheduling......Page 557
Conclusion......Page 558
References......Page 559
Introduction......Page 560
Outline of research......Page 562
Research Findings......Page 563
Conclusions......Page 564
REFERENCES......Page 565
Introduction......Page 566
Problem Definition......Page 567
Implementation of expert system to press shop scheduling......Page 568
Discussion and Conclusion......Page 570
References......Page 571
Introduction......Page 572
Experimental Design......Page 573
Results and Discussions......Page 574
Conclusions......Page 576
References......Page 577
Concurrent engineering and design......Page 578
Modelling Product Introduction for Concurrent Engineering Applications......Page 579
Identifying the Modelling Technique......Page 580
Further Developments of the Modelling Technique......Page 582
REFERENCES......Page 583
Introduction......Page 586
The Existing Design Philosophy......Page 587
Modifications to the Existing Design Philosophy......Page 588
The Benefits to the Company......Page 590
References......Page 591
Team Based Approach to SUR......Page 593
The Method-Design Spectrum......Page 594
Adopting Design-based Solutions......Page 595
Conclusions......Page 597
References......Page 598
Introduction......Page 599
Why Design for Manufacturability?......Page 601
Cylinder Overall Length......Page 602
References......Page 603
Introduction......Page 606
Image analysis using neural network techniques......Page 607
The corrosion knowledge based system......Page 609
Design of the corrosion module......Page 610
References......Page 611
Introduction......Page 612
Company Information......Page 613
Product Management......Page 614
CE Practice......Page 615
Acknowledgements......Page 616
References......Page 617
Introduction......Page 618
Modelling The Design Process......Page 620
A Generic Model Of C.E.?......Page 622
References......Page 623
Introduction......Page 624
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)......Page 625
The Need......Page 626
Manufacturing Data......Page 627
The Modelling System......Page 628
References......Page 629
Concurrent Engineering-a systems view.......Page 631
Implementation.......Page 633
Conclusions.......Page 634
References.......Page 635
Introduction......Page 636
The overall analysis procedure......Page 637
Conclusions and future work......Page 639
Acknowledgements......Page 641
Introduction......Page 642
Concurrent Engineering within large engineering teams......Page 643
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)......Page 644
The application of QFD to the design of an aircraft wing......Page 646
References......Page 647
Introduction......Page 648
Input Interfaces......Page 649
Gestures......Page 650
Shape Modification......Page 651
Location......Page 652
Conclusions......Page 653
Acknowledgements......Page 654
References......Page 655
Introduction......Page 656
Existing Manufacturing Processes......Page 657
Potential......Page 658
Comments/Summary......Page 660
References......Page 661
Introduction......Page 663
Problems with the current data processing system......Page 664
The development of data handling facilities......Page 665
Database integration......Page 666
Conclusion......Page 668
References......Page 669
Introduction......Page 670
Scope of the DFRP Methodology......Page 671
Stage 3. Level of Information in the CAD Model......Page 672
Benefits of Using the DFRP Methodology......Page 673
Summary......Page 674
References......Page 675
Introduction......Page 676
Concept Design......Page 678
Material Selection......Page 679
Process Selection......Page 680
Selection of Bearings......Page 681
Conclusion......Page 682
References......Page 683
Introduction......Page 684
Knowledge Acquisition in Design Processes......Page 685
Literature Based Material......Page 686
References......Page 687
Manufacturing processes and process control......Page 689
Introduction......Page 824
Concept Design......Page 825
Structured CAM Processor and Database......Page 826
Geometry Processor......Page 827
Technology Processor......Page 828
Conclusion......Page 829
References......Page 830
1.0  Introduction......Page 816
2.2  Cutting Tools......Page 817
2.4  Test Procedures......Page 818
3.1  Tool Wear And Tool Life......Page 819
3.2  Built-Up Edge (BUE)......Page 821
4.0  Conclusions......Page 822
References......Page 823
Introduction......Page 809
Overall structure of the system......Page 810
Database structures......Page 811
Rule-based material classification module......Page 812
Cutting data regression module......Page 813
References......Page 814
Introduction......Page 803
Test Programme......Page 805
Conclusions......Page 807
References......Page 808
Introduction......Page 797
Numerical modelling techniques of HSM and program design......Page 798
Numerical modelling structure......Page 799
Numerical simulation results......Page 800
References......Page 801
Introduction......Page 791
Defects—Porosity and Elongated Indications......Page 793
Defects—Lack of Fusion......Page 795
References......Page 796
Introduction......Page 785
Stencil Fabrication......Page 786
Effect of surface roughness......Page 787
Effect of inclination......Page 789
References......Page 790
Introduction......Page 779
Key Elements of the GW Model......Page 780
Comparison of Benchmarking Models......Page 781
Benchmarking with the GW Model......Page 782
Conclusion......Page 783
References......Page 784
Introduction......Page 773
Analysis......Page 774
Continuity Method......Page 775
Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Results......Page 776
Conclusions......Page 777
References......Page 778
Introduction......Page 767
Input......Page 768
Encoding......Page 769
The C-based Neural Network......Page 770
An Example......Page 771
References......Page 772
Introduction......Page 761
Removing the Pins......Page 762
Summary of Results......Page 763
Locating the Pins......Page 764
Financial Feasibility......Page 765
References......Page 766
Introduction......Page 755
FE Modelling of Upsetting Injection......Page 756
Friction......Page 757
Material inhomogenity......Page 758
Conclusion......Page 759
References......Page 760
Introduction......Page 748
Experimental Results and Discussions......Page 749
Maximum Blanking Force......Page 750
Sheared Surface Profile......Page 751
Conclusions......Page 752
References......Page 753
Introduction......Page 740
Discussion.......Page 741
Physical Problem.......Page 742
References......Page 743
Acknowledgements......Page 744
Introduction......Page 732
Pilot Study......Page 733
Prototype Testing......Page 734
References......Page 735
Introduction......Page 726
Design for Test......Page 727
Database......Page 728
Rule Checking......Page 729
Feedback......Page 730
References......Page 731
Introduction......Page 721
Parameter relationships......Page 722
Toward an Intelligent Screen Printing Process......Page 724
References......Page 725
Introduction......Page 716
Vibrational Experiments......Page 717
Analysis of Results......Page 719
References......Page 720
The Programmable Transmission System......Page 709
Move Commands......Page 710
The Motion Design System......Page 712
The LUT Test Rig......Page 713
Conclusions......Page 714
References......Page 715
Introduction......Page 703
Model Details......Page 704
Experimental Designs......Page 705
Conclusions......Page 707
References......Page 708
Introduction......Page 697
Self-Tuning Systems......Page 698
Geometrical Optimal Control (GOC)......Page 699
Implementation of a GOC Policy......Page 700
Nomenclature......Page 701
References......Page 702
Introduction......Page 690
Mechanical Manufacturability and PCA......Page 691
The Manufacturability System......Page 692
The Quality Model System (QMS)......Page 693
Progress......Page 694
Conclusion......Page 695
References......Page 696
Inspection......Page 831
Introduction......Page 832
Data Collection Techniques......Page 833
Laser Line Scanning......Page 834
Surface Segmentation......Page 835
Conclusions......Page 836
References......Page 837
Sensor planning and inspection......Page 839
Overview of GASP......Page 840
Single-Feature Inspection......Page 841
Sequential Inspection of Several Features......Page 842
Multiple-sensor, multiple-feature scripts......Page 843
References......Page 844
Introduction......Page 845
Logical Neural Systems......Page 847
Discussion......Page 849
References......Page 850
Introduction......Page 851
Indirect Surface Assessment Techniques......Page 852
ii,  Optical Devices......Page 853
iv,  Touch Trigger Methods......Page 854
References......Page 855
Derivation of a Characteristic View Model......Page 857
Matching of object and characteristic view models......Page 860
Conclusions......Page 861
References......Page 862
Background......Page 863
Evaluation system......Page 864
Error detection......Page 866
References......Page 867
Introduction:......Page 869
CMMs and Off-line Programming......Page 870
DMIS......Page 871
Off-line Program Generator......Page 872
Future Development......Page 873
References......Page 874
Introduction......Page 875
Review of compensation technologies......Page 876
Fuzzy rules and fuzzy inference for error compensation......Page 877
Fuzzy controller design......Page 878
Error compensation for in-process measurement......Page 879
References......Page 880