Advances in Hybrid Conducting Polymer Technology

Preface
Contents
Introduction to Conducting Polymers
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Historical Background of the Development of Conducting Polymers
		1.2 Types of Conducting Polymers and Their Properties
	2 Synthesis Pathways and Polymerisation Mechanism
		2.1 Synthesis Method for Conducting Polymers (CPs)
	3 Conclusion
	References
Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Based Nanocomposite in Photocatalytic Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis Method for ICPn
		2.1 In-Situ and Ex-Situ Synthesis
		2.2 Direct Mixing Method
		2.3 Intercalation Method
		2.4 Other Methods
	3 Conductive Polymer-Based Nanocomposite for Photocatalysis
		3.1 Process and Fundamental of Photocatalysis
		3.2 Properties of Photocatalyst Material
		3.3 Role of ICPn in Photocatalysis
		3.4 Application of Photocatalyst Based ICPn
		3.5 Different Type of ICPn for Photocatalytic Study
	4 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Energy Storage Devices (Supercapacitors and Batteries)
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Mechanism for Designing Hybrid Conducting Polymer
	3 Batteries
		3.1 Metal Oxide/conducting Polymer
		3.2 Metal Chalcogenides/conducting Polymer
		3.3 Carbon Supported Hybrid Materials
	4 Supercapacitors
	5 Conclusion
	References
Nanoelectronics Devices (Field-Effect Transistors, Electrochromic Devices, Light-Emitting Diodes, Dielectrics, Neurotransmitters)
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Conducting Polymers
	2 Applications of Conducting Polymers (Nanoelectronics Devices)
		2.1 Field-Effect Transistors (FETs)
		2.2 Electrochromic Devices (ECDs)
		2.3 LEDs
		2.4 Dielectrics
		2.5 Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters Using Conducting Polymers
	3 Conclusion
	References
Energy Harvesting Devices
	1 Introduction
	2 Thermoelectric Background
	3 Thermoelectric Performance of the Conducting Polymers
		3.1 Electrical Parameters and Conductivity
		3.2 Seebeck Coefficient
		3.3 Thermal Conductivity
	4 Classification of Thermoelectric Materials
	5 Conducting Polymer Thermo-Electric Material
		5.1 P-type Conducting Polymers PEDOT: PSS
	6 N-type Conducting Polymer Thermoelectric Materials
	7 Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generators—TEGs
	8 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices
	9 A New Hybrid Piezoelectric Electromagnetic Micro-vibration Energy Harvester
	10 The Efficiency of Piezoelectric Device
	11 Classification of Piezoelectric Materials
		11.1 Materials and Fabrication
	12 Application of Piezoelectric Transducers
	13 Developments, Challenges, and Future of Piezoelectric Devices
	14 Piezoelectric Markets
	15 Piezoelectric Materials
	16 Innovative Architectures of Piezoelectric Devices
	17 Polymers Applications in Solar Cells
		17.1 Organic Solar Cells
		17.2 Polymer-Based Hybrid Cells
	18 Conclusion
	References
Perspectives of Conducting Polymers Towards Heat Transfer Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Thermal Transport of Conducting Polymers
	3 Integration of PANI in Convective Heat Transfer Research
	4 Conclusions
	References
Conducting Polymer Based Nanoadsorbents for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions/Dyes from Wastewater
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Importance of Clean Aquatic Environment
		1.2 Pollutant in Water
		1.3 Methods for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Pollutants from Wastewater
		1.4 Nanoadsorbents
		1.5 Conducting Polymers
	2 Synthesis of Certain Conducting Polymer Based Nanoadsorbents
		2.1 Polypyrrole
		2.2 Polyalinine
		2.3 Polythiophenes Derivatives
		2.4 Other Conducting Polymers
	3 Recommendations and Future Prospects
	4 Conclusion
	References
Chemical, Gas and Optical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Hybrid Conducting Polymers-Based Chemical Sensors
	3 Nanostructured Conducting Polymers for Sensor Applications
	4 Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Chemical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers
	5 Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers
	6 Hybrid Conducting Polymers for Ammonia Detection
	7 Hybrid Conducting Polymers for Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Detection
	8 Hybrid Conducting Polymers for Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection
	9 Hybrid Conducting Polymers for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Detection
	10 Hybrid Conducting Polymers for Hydrocarbon Vapor Detection
	11 Conducting Polymers for Quantification of Other Gaseous Analytes
	12 Optical Sensing Applications of Conducting Polymers
	13 Challenges in HCP-Based Sensors
	14 Conclusion
	References
Advances in Hybrid Conducting Polymer Technology for EMI Shielding Materials
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Pollution
	2 Chapter Details
	3 EMI Shielding Effectiveness
		3.1 Mechanisms of EMI Shielding
		3.2 EMI Related Influencing Parameters for IPCs and CPCs
	4 Measurement Technique
	5 Polymer Composites for EMI Application
		5.1 Intrinsically Conductive Polymers
		5.2 Coordination or Inorganic Conducting Polymers
		5.3 Extrinsically Conductive Polymers
	6 Techniques of Polymerization
		6.1 Bulk or Mass Polymerization
		6.2 Solution Polymerization
		6.3 Suspension Polymerization
		6.4 Emulsion Polymerization
	7 Popular Methods for Synthesis of ICPs and CPCs Composites
		7.1 In-Situ Polymerization Methods
		7.2 Solution Intercalation Methods
		7.3 Melt Blending Methods
	8 Metal, Alloys, Ceramics and Oxides Anchored Heterogeneous ICPs and CPCs Composites
	9 2D Filler Based Polymer Composites
		9.1 Carbon Nanofiller Incorporated with ICPs and CPCs Nanocomposites
		9.2 2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes)
	10 Conclusion
	11 Challenges and Future Opportunities
	References
Advanced Hybrid Conducting Polymers: Tissue Engineering Aspects
	1 Introduction
	2 History and Specific Behavior of CPs
	3 Fabrication of Conducting Biomaterials
		3.1 Pure CP Films
		3.2 Conducting Blends or Composites
		3.3 Conducting Copolymer Films
		3.4 Hydrogels
	4 Tissue Engineering Applications
		4.1 Bone Tissue Engineering
		4.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
		4.3 Nerve Tissue Engineering
		4.4 Cardiac Tissue Engineering
		4.5 Skin Tissue Engineering
	5 Conclusions
	6 Future Directions
	References
Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites Against Pathogenic Bacteria
	1 Conducting Polymers
		1.1 Polypyrrole (PPy)
		1.2 Polyaniline (PANI)
		1.3 Polythiophene (PTh)
		1.4 Poly(3,4-Ethyldioxythiophene) (PEDOT)
		1.5 Polycarbazole (PC)
	2 Pathogenic Bacteria
	3 Antibacterial Effects of Conducting Polymers
	4 Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites (CP-NC)
	5 Antibacterial Effects of Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
		5.1 Polypyrrole-Based Nanocomposites
		5.2 Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposites
		5.3 Polythiophene-Based Nanocomposites
		5.4 PEDOT-Based Nanocomposites
		5.5 Polycarbazole-Based Nanocomposites
	6 Mechanism of Action
	7 Conclusion
	References
Towards the Conducting Polymer Based Catalysts to Eliminate Pt for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Most Common Conducting Polymers
		2.1 Polypyrrole (PPy)
		2.2 Polyaniline (PANI)
		2.3 Poly(3,4-Ethylene-Dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)
	3 Polypyrrole (PPy) Based Nanocomposites
	4 Polyaniline (PANi) Based Nanocomposites
	5 Poly(3,4-Ethylene-Dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Based Nanocomposite
	6 Conclusion
	References
Basics of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell and Use of Conductive Polymer as Counter Electrode
	1 Introduction
	2 Solar Cells
	3 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
	4 Preparation of CEs
		4.1 Electrochemical Deposition
		4.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition
		4.3 Thermal Decomposition or Pyrolysis
		4.4 Chemical Reduction
		4.5 Sputter Deposition
		4.6 Hydrothermal Reaction
		4.7 In Situ Polymerization
		4.8 Electrochemical Synthesis Method
		4.9 Chemical Synthesis Method
		4.10 Solid State Procedure
	5 Characterization of CE
		5.1 Photovoltaic Measurements
		5.2 Polymer CEs
		5.3 Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)
		5.4 Polyaniline
		5.5 Polypyrrole (PPy)
	6 Conclusion
	References