Advances in Geotechnics and Structural Engineering: Select Proceedings of TRACE 2020

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Influence of Masonry Infill Panels on the Seismic Performance of Irregular Buildings
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Building Configuration
		2.2 Modelling of URM Infills
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Study of the Construction and Demolition Waste Used in Rigid Pavements
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Pavements
		1.2 Construction and Demolition Waste Composition
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Discussion
	References
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Tunneling-Induced Ground Settlement in Clayey Soil
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Study
		2.1 Establishment of Physical Model
	3 Finite Element Study
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Blast-Resistant Stability Analysis of Triple Tunnel
	1 Introduction
	2 Blast Loading
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Skew Effect on Box Girder Bridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Methodology
		3.2 Effect of Skew Angle
		3.3 Proposed Equations for Forces and Deflection
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Factors Affecting Cost and Time Overruns in Construction Projects
	1 Introduction
	2 Background Study
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Overrun Factors Identification
		3.2 Questionnaire Survey and Respondents
	4 Analysis of Data and Results
		4.1 Analysis for Reliability of Questionnaire
		4.2 Ranking of Overrun Factors
	5 Discussion and Guidelines
	6 Conclusion
	References
Factors Influencing the Behavior of Rockfill Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Studies, Observation and Discussion
		2.1 Material Properties
		2.2 Experimental Data Analysis Programme
	3 Conclusions
	References
Swelling Behavior of the Expansive Soil Prepared with Calcium Bentonite
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
		2.1 Natural Soil
		2.2 Bentonite
		2.3 Expansive Soil
	3 Experimental Work
		3.1 Preparation of Test Sample
		3.2 Laboratory Tests
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Consistency Limits
		4.2 Compaction Tests
		4.3 Free Swell and Swelling Pressure
		4.4 Effect of Swelling Pressure Over Lightweight Structure
	5 Conclusions
	References
Assessment of Corrosion in Rebars by Impressed Current Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Preparation of Specimen
		2.2 Impressed Current Technique Setup Used for Inducing Reinforcement Corrosion
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Time for the First Crack Development
		3.2 Mass Loss
		3.3 Degree of Corrosion
		3.4 Induced Corrosion Current
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Dynamic Properties and Liquefaction Studies for Sandy Soil—A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Work
		2.1 Material Used
		2.2 Experimental Programme
		2.3 In Situ Density and Moisture Content Tests
		2.4 Relative Density Tests
		2.5 Resonant Column Tests
		2.6 Cyclic Simple Shear Tests
		2.7 Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	Reference
Frequencies of Stiffened Lock Gate Coupled with Undisturbed Fluid
	1 Overview
	2 Modelling
	3 Mathematical Formulation
		3.1 Truncation of Infinite Length
		3.2 Finite Element Formulation
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Consolidation Behavior of Clayey Soil Reinforced with Geofiber
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Method
	3 Test Results and Its Findings
		3.1 Effect of Polypropylene Fiber Content on Specific Gravity
		3.2 Variation of Void Ratio (e) with Increment of Pressure at Different Contents of Polypropylene Fiber
		3.3 Consolidation Parameters
	4 Conclusions
	References
Alkali Activated Material Brick
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Study
		2.1 Essential Characteristics of Bricks
	3 Material and Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Micropiles on the Bearing Capacity of a Layered Soil System—A Numerical Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modelling
		2.1 Material Properties
		2.2 Meshing and Boundary Conditions
		2.3 Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Settlement Contours
	4 Conclusions
	References
Comparative Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing with Varying Depth of Soil Reinforcement
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of Reinforcement-Soil Interface
	3 Bearing Capacity Factors for Unreinforced and Reinforced Soil
	4 Modelling in Optum G2 for Analysis Purpose
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Application of the Result
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Soil Remediation by Fenton Process
	1 Introduction
	2 General Steps to Minimize Soil Contamination
	3 Advanced Oxidation Processes
	4 Soil Remediation by Fenton Process
	5 Conclusion
	References
To Study the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Hollow Core Slab
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Experimentation
		3.1 Preliminary Tests on Cement
		3.2 Preliminary Tests on Coarse Aggregate
		3.3 Calculations
		3.4 Description of Construction Materials
		3.5 Detail of Slab
		3.6 Detail of the Normal Slab (s1)
		3.7 Detail of Hollow Core Slab (s2)
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Temperature Analysis
		4.2 Flexural Test
		4.3 Fire Test
		4.4 Comparison of Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Interaction of Transmission Tower Footing with Twin Rock Tunnel
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fluid–Structure Idealization in Intze Tank under Seismic Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Single-Mass Idealization (Case 1)
		3.2 Two-Mass Idealization (Case 2)
		3.3 Numerical Calculation by IITK-GSDMA Guidelines
		3.4 Calculation for Stiffness
		3.5 Two-Mass Idealization using Finite Element Method
		3.6 Single-Mass Model with Masonry Infill Panel Modelled as Equivalent Diagonal Strut (Case 3)
		3.7 Two-Mass Model with Masonry Infill Panel Modelled as Equivalent Diagonal Strut (Case 4)
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Utilization of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) Toward Green and Circular Economy
	1 Introduction
	2 Alkali-Activated Materials
	3 Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)
	4 Factors Influencing Alkali Activation of Precursors and Potential of Construction and Demolition as Precursor Material
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Study on the Effects of Nanomaterials in Clayey Soil of Aligarh City of Northern India
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanotechnology and Geotechnical Engineering
	3 Experimental Program
		3.1 Materials
		3.2 Synthesis of Clay Nanocomposites with Fe2O3, MWCNTs and SWCNTs
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies (SEM)
		4.2 FTIR Studies
		4.3 X-Rays Diffraction Studies
		4.4 Effect of Different Nanomaterials and Water Content on Engineering Properties of the Soil
		4.5 Effect of Nanomaterials on Swelling Potential of the Soil
		4.6 Effect of Nanomaterials on Cohesion and Angle of Friction of the Soil
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Effect of Anti-slide Pile on Stability of Slopes
	1 Introduction
	2 Bishop’s Method
	3 Numerical Modelling
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Influence of Length of the Pile
		4.2 Influence of Spacing of Piles
		4.3 Influence of Pile Positioning
		4.4 Bending Moment and Shear Force on the Anti-slide Pile
		4.5 Earth Pressure on the Pile
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of Base Isolated Building
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Base Isolated Structure
	3 Numerical Modeling and Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Rubber Tyres Dust as Fine Aggregates on Compressive Strength of Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Mix Design
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Benchmarking Civil Engineering Education in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Challenges in Civil Engineering Education in India
	4 Visualization and Computational Tools
	5 Benchmarking Problems
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Effective Utilization of Fly Ash and Steel Slag for Partial Replacement of Cement and River Sand for Sustainable Construction
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Proportioning
		2.1 Binder
		2.2 Aggregates
		2.3 Materials Proportioning for Concrete
		2.4 Casting, Curing and Testing
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Compressive Strength
	4 Conclusions
		4.1 Future Scope
	References
Dynamic Behavior of Base Isolated Howe Bridges-Seismic Resistant
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Application in Bridges
	2 Seismic Base Isolation
	3 Model Description
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Response Spectrum Method
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Model 1—Non-Isolated HOWE Bridge
		5.2 Model 2—Isolated HOWE Bridge
	6 Conclusion
	Reference
Comparative Study on Behavior of Structures Subjected to Seismic and Blast Loads
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objectives of the Study
		1.2 Model Description
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Response Spectrum Analysis
		2.2 Details of Load
	3 Result Analysis
		3.1 Regular Shape Buildings
		3.2 Irregular L-Shaped Buildings
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Mathematical Correlation of Compressive Strength Among Silica, Alumina and Calcia Present in Composite Red Mud and Iron Ore Tailingbricks
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Work
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Mix Proportions
		2.3 Tests Performed
	3 Analysis of the Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigation on the Impact Behavior of Concrete Panels Subjected to Drop Weight Impact
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Work
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Mix Proportions
		2.3 Sample Preparations
		2.4 Testing Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Normal Concrete Panel
		3.2 Self-compacting Concrete Panel
		3.3 Comparison Between Normal Concrete Panel Versus SCC Panel
	4 Conclusions
	References
Stability of Slab on Elastic Foundation
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective
	3 Methodology
		3.1 ANSYS Modelling
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Rice Husk Ash and Basalt Fibre-Based Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete in Rigid Pavements. A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials Used
		2.1 Rice Husk Ash
		2.2 Basalt Fibre
		2.3 Alkaline Activators
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Various Type of Fibres in Geopolymer Concrete
	4 Conclusion
		4.1 Research Significance
		4.2 Research Gap
	References
Comparative Seismic Analysis Between Elevated Circular Water Tanks Using Equivalent Static Method and Response Spectrum Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Provisions
	3 Literature Review
	4 Design and Geometric Configuration
	5 Static Seismic Analysis
		5.1 Result Analysis
	6 Dynamic Analysis
		6.1 Result Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Rice Husk Ash and Basalt Fibre-Based Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete in Rigid Pavements Under Ambient Curing Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials Used
		2.1 Rice Husk Ash
		2.2 Basalt Fibres
		2.3 Alkaline Activators
		2.4 Aggregates
	3 Specimen Preparation and Testing
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Use of Crushed Waste Glass (CWG) for Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete Production: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Properties of Glass
	3 Problems Related to Land Filling of Glass
	4 Crushed Waste Glass Used in Concrete Production
		4.1 Dry Density
		4.2 Workability of the Concrete
		4.3 Compressive Strength
		4.4 Tolerance for 7 Days
		4.5 Tolerance for 28 Days
		4.6 Tensile Strength
		4.7 Flexural Strength
	5 Summary and Conclusion
	6 Future Scope
	References
Seismic Evaluation of RC Structure with Distinct Placement of Columns and Shear Walls
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Methodology
	2 Modeling and Analysis
		2.1 Modeling
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Base Shear for Four Models
		3.2 Base Shear Carried by Shear Wall
		3.3 Natural Period for Four Models
		3.4 Story Drift for Four Models
		3.5 Story Displacement of Four Models
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study on Retrofitting Technique to Increase the Height of an Existing Building
	1 Introduction
	2 Requirement for Retrofitting of Structures
	3 Causes of Failure of Structure
	4 Mathematical Modeling
	5 Conclusion
	References
Sustainable Concrete with Substitute Materials: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Materials Used as Partial Replacement of Cement
		2.2 Alternative Eco-Friendly Admixtures
		2.3 Materials Used as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates
	3 Conclusion
	References
Theoretical Framework for Response Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Cased Explosive Charges
	1 Introduction
	2 Loading Characteristics
		2.1 Blast Loading: Bare and Cased Explosive Charges
		2.2 Fragment Loading: Cased Explosive Charges
	3 Response Assessment: Flexural Members
	4 Case Studies
		4.1 Cased Explosive Charge: No Reduction
		4.2 Cased Explosive Charge: With Reduction
		4.3 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Development of Real-Time Monitoring System for Early Age Cementitious Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Development of the Real-Time Monitoring System
	3 Experimental Test
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Bagasse Ash (ScBa) and Its Utilization in Concrete as Pozzolanic Material: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 ScBa
		2.1 Physical Properties (P.P.) and Chemical Properties (C.P.)
		2.2 Effects of ScBa on the Fresh Properties (FP), Hardened Properties (HP), and D.B. Properties of Concrete
	3 Material Characterizations
	4 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Analysis of Multistorey RC Building with Vertical Setback and Its Retrofit Strategies
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Analysis
		3.1 Modelling
		3.2 Building Design Features
		3.3 Type of Building Models and Its Features
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Base Shear Due to Fundamental and Program Calculated Time Period
		4.2 Centre of Mass and Rigidity
		4.3 Mode Shape Vibration
		4.4 Storey Drift
		4.5 Joint Displacement
		4.6 Storey Stiffness
		4.7 Torsional Irregularity Check Ratio
		4.8 Retrofit Strategies
	5 Conclusion
	References
Seismic Torsion Behaviour and Rigidity Analysis of Multistory Plan Asymmetric RC Building
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Analysis
		3.1 Modelling
		3.2 Model Types
		3.3 Model Data
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Model Participating Mass Ratio
		4.2 Time Period for the Modes of Vibration
		4.3 Story Drift
		4.4 Maximum Joint Displacement
		4.5 Eccentricity
		4.6 Torsional Irregularity
		4.7 Base Shear
		4.8 Storey Stiffness
		4.9 First Vibration Mode Shape of Models
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis and Design of Diagrid Buildings
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Analysis
	4 Building Configuration
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Internal Column Axial Force
		5.2 Storey Stiffness
		5.3 Base Shear and First Mode Time Period
		5.4 Mass Participation Ratios
		5.5 Concrete and Reinforcement Quantity
	6 Conclusions
	References
“A Review Paper on Seismic Vulnerability and Evaluation Methodology of Buildings”
	1 Introduction
	2 Review on Existing Vulnerability Methods
	3 Theoretical Investigation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modified Mass Damping Parameter for Better Prediction of Across Wind Response of Chimneys
	1 Introduction
	2 Background Information of the Suggested Method and MDP Parameter
	3 Response Variation with MDP, { 22m2e 2ρD2 sqrt }—Application to Chimney Data
	4 A Simple Procedure for Computing Across Wind Response, ( σy De  ) for a New Given Chimney
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Novel Approach for Testing of Concrete Affected by Urea
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Rationale for the New Approach
	4 Testing Methodology
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Result from Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Testing
		5.2 Result from Crack Width Measurement Using Travelling Microscope
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Performance of Structure and Its Retrofitting Measures
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Seismic Analysis
	2 Seismic Strengthening
		2.1 Steps of Retrofitting
	3 Retrofit Strategy and System
	4 Material Used for Retrofitting
	5 Selection of Retrofitting Method
		5.1 The Following Retrofitting Method for Concrete Members Are Carried Out
		5.2 Retrofitting as a Structural Body.
		5.3 Foundation Retrofitting
		5.4 Building Deficiencies in Case of RCC Structure.
	6 Case Study
		6.1 Methodology
		6.2 Results Obtained from the Rapid Visual Screening
		6.3 Data
		6.4 Retrofitting of Columns: Details of the retrofitting of Columns for According to Different Condition at Different Story:
		6.5 Retrofitting of Beams
		6.6 Shear Walls
		6.7 Retrofitting of Slabs
	7 Conclusion
	References
Structural Health Monitoring of Bridge Using Sensors
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Experimentation Materials and Model
		2.2 Analysis of Truss Bridge
		2.3 Experimentation
		2.4 Procedure
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 First Damage Scenario
		3.2 Second Damage Scenario
	4 Conclusions
	References
Shear Bond Strength of Brick Masonry
	1 Introduction
	2 Characteristics of Materials
		2.1 Bricks
		2.2 Mortar
	3 Experiments on Triplet Specimens
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Stability Analysis of Precast Concrete Wall Panels and Its Utility
	1 Introduction
	2 Stability Analysis of Precast Concrete Walls
		2.1 Overturning check
		2.2 Sliding check
		2.3 Stress check
		2.4 Ballast Load
	3 Conclusions
	References
The Decision-Making Criteria for Adaptive Reuse for Sustainable Development
	1 Introduction
	2 The Concept of Adaptive Reuse
		2.1 Adaptive Reuse Methods
	3 Challenges in Decision-Making Process
	4 Review of Models for Adaptive Reuse Decision Making
		4.1 Peter Bullen and Peter Love Decision Making Model
		4.2 Mohamed and Alauddin Decision Criteria Model
	5 Analysis and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Influence of Size and Depth on Load Capacities of Shallow Foundations Under Limiting Settlement Criteria
	1 Introduction
	2 Site Stratigraphy
	3 Analytical Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Influence of Footing Depth on Foundation Settlement
		4.2 Influence of Footing Depth on Depth of Influence Zone
		4.3 Influence of Footing Depth on Maximum Vertical Load at Limiting Settlement
	5 Conclusions
	References
Investigation on Behaviour of Alternate Roofing System Using Arch Panels
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
	3 Experimental Investigation
		3.1 Workability Test
		3.2 Compressive Strength Test
		3.3 Split Tensile Test
		3.4 Modulus of Elasticity Test
	4 Analytical Investigation: Finite Element Analysis Using Abaqus CAE
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Test Results of Basic Materials
		5.2 Test Results of Concrete
		5.3 Results of Numerical Analysis of Arch Panels in Abaqus
		5.4 Behaviour of Full-Scale Arch Panel Roofing System
		5.5 Cost and Energy Analysis of Arch Panel Roofing System and Conventional Roofing System
	6 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Interlocking Block Masonry
	1 Introduction
	2 Manufacturing Process
		2.1 Interlocking Blocks
		2.2 Stabilized Earth Blocks
	3 Materials Used
		3.1 Stabilized Earth Blocks and Interlocking Blocks
		3.2 Cement Mortar
	4 Experimental Investigation
		4.1 Interlocking and Stabilized Earth Blocks
		4.2 Cement Mortar
		4.3 Interlocking Block and SEB Prisms
	5 Analytical Investigation
	6 Results and Discussion
		6.1 Results of Experimental Investigation
		6.2 Results of Analytical Investigation
		6.3 Cost and Material Estimation
	7 Conclusion
	References
Studies on Properties of Compressed Mud Blocks
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Their Properties
	3 Details of Experimental Investigations
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Grain Size on the Rheology of Fly Ash Slurry
	1 Introduction
	2 Rheological Experimental Setup
	3 Properties and Range of Parameters Used in Experimentation
	4 Result and Discussions
		4.1 Effect of Solid Concentration on Slurry Rheology
	5 Conclusions
	References
Studies on Influence of Variation in Joint Thickness on Strength of Masonry with the Emphasis in Bond Characteristics
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Materials
	3 Experimental Investigations and Analytical Investigation
		3.1 Experimental Investigations
		3.2 Finite Element Method
		3.3 Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) Model
		3.4 Material Modeling
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Results of Experimental Investigation.
		4.2 Results of Numerical Investigations.
	5 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Analysis of Flow Value of Cement Mortar with Various Admixtures
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of Real House Price Using Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Problem Definition
	4 Experimental Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Flexural Buckling of Concrete-Filled Aluminium Alloy CHS Columns: Numerical Modelling and Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modelling
		2.1 Modelling Assumptions
		2.2 Model Validation
	3 Parametric Study
	4 Assessment of Strength Predictions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Study of Aluminium Alloy Square Hollow Section Columns
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modelling
	3 Parametric Study
	4 Assessment of Eurocode Strength Predictions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Stability of a Structure Using Eurocodes
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Vertical Loads or Gravity Loads
		1.2 Lateral Loads or Horizontal Loads
		1.3 Overhang Deflection
	2 Literature Review
	3 Conclusions
	References