Advances in Geosciences: Volume 13: Solid Earth (Se)

CONTENTS......Page 10
Editors......Page 6
List of Reviewers......Page 8
Mineralization Characteristics and Ore Fluid of Huai Kham on Gold Deposit, Northern Thailand Somboon Khositanont, Khin Zaw and Prayote Ounchanum......Page 14
2. Geology of Huai Kham On Deposit......Page 15
3. Vein Mineralogy and Alteration......Page 16
4. Sulfur Isotope Study......Page 17
5.1. Classification of fluid inclusions......Page 18
5.2. Microthermometric measurement and P–T–V–X relation......Page 20
6. Gold Mineralization at Huai Kham On Deposit......Page 23
7. Conclusions......Page 24
References......Page 25
1. Introduction......Page 26
3. Physical Descriptions of the Hollow Concretions......Page 28
4.2. Subsurface chemical reaction stage......Page 30
4.3. Post-chemical erosion stage......Page 32
Acknowledgments......Page 33
References......Page 34
Investigations on Local Quartz Sand for Application in Glass Industry Pisutti Dararutana, Prukswan Chetanachan, Pornsawat Wathanakul and Narin Sirikulrat......Page 36
1. Introduction......Page 37
3. Results and Discussion......Page 38
4. Conclusion......Page 41
References......Page 42
Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb Isotopic Study of Late Neogene Volcanic Rocks from the Arita–Imari Area (SW Japan): Evidence for Coexisting OIB-Like and Subduction-Related Mantle Sources Nguyen Hoang, Jun’ichi Itoh, Kozo Uto and Akikazu Matsumoto......Page 44
1. Introduction......Page 45
2. Analytical Techniques......Page 48
3.1. Major element compositions......Page 54
3.2. Trace element characteristics......Page 55
3.3. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions......Page 57
4.2. Effects of assimilation–fractional crystallization......Page 61
4.3. Source heterogeneity......Page 63
5. Summary......Page 64
References......Page 65
1. Introduction......Page 70
2. Geological and Geomorphological Setting of the Muravera Hillside......Page 71
3.1. Basic cartography......Page 72
3.2. Weighted cartography......Page 74
3.3. Map of the landslide hazard by overlapping......Page 77
3.5. Map of the landslide hazard due to debris flows......Page 79
References......Page 83
1. Introduction......Page 86
2.1. Major geoscience data model projects......Page 87
2.3. Case study......Page 88
3.2. GeoSEA data model structure......Page 89
3.3. Detailed descriptions of object classes......Page 90
4. Demonstration of Implementation......Page 96
5. Conclusions......Page 97
References......Page 98
1. Introduction......Page 100
2. GNSS Monitoring Network and Data Processing......Page 101
2.1. GNSS continuously operating network setup......Page 102
2.2. Monumentation......Page 105
2.3. Local control network......Page 106
2.4. Data processing......Page 107
3. Time Series Analysis......Page 108
4.1. The Sumatra–Andaman earthquake......Page 110
4.2. Crustal deformation in Japan......Page 112
4.3. Crustal deformation in the Alps......Page 113
References......Page 115
The Global Geodetic Observing System H.-P. Plag, M. Rothacher, M. Pearlman, R. Neilan and C. Ma......Page 118
1. Introduction......Page 119
2. Geodesy’s Contribution to Earth Observations and Society at Large......Page 121
3. The Global Geodetic Observing System: The Organization and the System......Page 127
4. GGOS: An Observing System of Layered Infrastructure......Page 134
5. Conclusions......Page 136
References......Page 138
The International Laser Ranging Service Michael Pearlman, Carey Noll, Jan McGarry, Werner Gurtner and Erricos Pavlis......Page 142
1. ILRS Organization......Page 143
2.1. The global terrestrial reference frame......Page 147
2.4. Precise orbit determination and verification......Page 148
2.6. Role within other activities......Page 149
3. Satellites Tracked by ILRS......Page 150
4. Network Performance......Page 152
5.1. “Positioning and EOP” product......Page 156
5.2. “Benchmarking” process......Page 157
6.1. Refraction......Page 159
7.1. Automation......Page 160
7.5. Improved satellite retroreflector array design......Page 161
7.6. Transponders......Page 162
7.7. New missions......Page 163
8. Conclusions......Page 164
References......Page 165
1. Introduction......Page 168
2. Kinematics of Earth Orientation......Page 169
2.1. Theoretical considerations......Page 170
2.2. VLBI......Page 171
3. Ringlaser......Page 173
Acknowledgments......Page 177
References......Page 178
1. Introduction......Page 180
2. Evaluation of the Monte Carlo Simulation......Page 182
3. Comparison of Gauß–Markov LSM and KF in OCCAM......Page 184
4. OCCAM Kalman Filter Analysis with Di.erent Variance Rates for Wet Zenith Delays and Gradients......Page 187
5. Slew Speed Studies......Page 189
6. Conclusions and Perspectives......Page 191
References......Page 192
1. Introduction......Page 194
2. Hydrological and Meteorological Observations......Page 196
3. GPS Data Analysis and Results......Page 198
4. Conclusion and Outlook......Page 201
Acknowledgments......Page 204
References......Page 205
1. Introduction......Page 206
2. One-Dimensional Conduction Equation of Heat......Page 208
3. Two-Dimensional Faulting Model......Page 209
4. An Example......Page 211
References......Page 214
1. Introduction......Page 216
2. Methods......Page 219
3. Results......Page 221
4. Discussions......Page 223
References......Page 225
1. Introduction......Page 228
3. 2.5D Computation......Page 230
4. Waveform Relocation Technique......Page 232
5. Simulation of Inversion......Page 233
6. Results of Waveform Relocation......Page 237
7. Discussion......Page 238
Acknowledgments......Page 240
References......Page 241
Numerical Modeling of the 2006 Java Tsunami Earthquake Nuraini Rahma Hanifa, Irwan Meilano, Takeshi Sagiya, Fumiaki Kimata and Hasanuddin Z. Abidin......Page 244
1. Introduction......Page 245
2. Java 2006 Tsunami Earthquake......Page 247
4. Tsunami Modeling Method......Page 251
5. Discussion and Conclusion......Page 258
Acknowledgment......Page 259
References......Page 260
1. Introduction......Page 262
2. Unexpected Earthquake and Tsunami......Page 264
3. Unfelt Earthquake and No-Tsunami Warning......Page 265
4. No Clear Precursory Sign of Residing Sea Level......Page 266
5. Relatively High Tsunami......Page 267
7. Many Inhabitants Along the Lowland Coastal Areas......Page 270
8. Short Period for First Emergency Response......Page 272
9. Closing Remarks......Page 273
References......Page 275
1. Tectonic Setting......Page 278
2. Historical Earthquakes and Recent Seismic Activities in Myanmar......Page 279
3. Structural Features Along the Sagaing Transform Belt......Page 286
4. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 291
References......Page 292
Looking into a Sandpile by Photo-Elasticity and Discrete Element Method Naoto Yoshioka and Hide Sakaguchi......Page 294
1. Introduction......Page 295
2.1. Experimental setup and procedure......Page 296
2.2. Results......Page 298
3.2. Results......Page 300
4. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 301
Acknowledgments......Page 302
References......Page 303
1. General Trend in the Number of Eruptions......Page 304
3. Explosive Volcanism Productivity......Page 306
Conclusion......Page 308
References......Page 309