Advances in food-producing systems for arid and semi-arid lands / A

Front Cover......Page 1
Advance in Food-Producing Systems for Arid and Semiarid Lands......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Content......Page 6
CONTRIBUTORS FOR PARTS A AND B......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 12
CONTENTS FOR PART A......Page 14
PART VI: INNOVATIVE FOOD SYSTEMS......Page 18
CHAPTER 1. ADVANCES IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTS FOR PLANT GROWTH......Page 20
INTRODUCTION......Page 21
ADVANCES IN GREENHOUSE CULTURE......Page 22
NEW METHODS OF CULTURE......Page 38
NEW DEVELOPMENTS WITH PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTS......Page 46
NOTES......Page 52
REFERENCES......Page 54
CHAPTER 2. APPLICATION OF “BUBBLE” AND “SOLAR STILL\" TECHNOLOGY......Page 58
INTRODUCTION......Page 59
BUBBLE GREENHOUSES......Page 60
SOLAR STILLS......Page 65
CONCLUSIONS......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 76
CHAPTER 3. VDEVELOPMENT OF VEGETABLE CROPS FOR PROTECTED DESERT ENVIRONMENTS......Page 78
POSSIBLE STRATEGIES FOR DESERT AGRICULTURE......Page 79
PARAMETERS FOR A USEFUL PLOT DESIGN......Page 88
REFERENCE......Page 93
CHAPTER 4. VEGETABLE CROPS IN DESERT AREAS– PROBLEMS, PRACTICES, AND POTENTIALS......Page 96
THE SONORAN DESERT......Page 97
CONSTRAINTS TO DESERT FOOD PRODUCTION......Page 98
PLANT CLIMATE MODIFICATION......Page 102
CROP POTENTIALS......Page 106
REFERENCES......Page 110
CHSPTER 5. NEW CROPS FOR ARID LANDS......Page 114
THE WORLDWIDE NEED FOR NEW ARID LAND PLANTS......Page 115
THE SITUATION IN ARIZONA......Page 116
THE HISTORIC APPROACH TO CROP DEVELOPMENT......Page 119
RECENT APPROACHES TO NEW CROP DEVELOPMENT......Page 120
PERSPECTIVES ON HOW TO APPROACH NEW CROP DEVELOPMENT FOR ARID LANDS......Page 121
CONCLUSIONS......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 139
CHAPTER 6. POULTRY PRODUCTION IN HOT ARID ENVIRONMENTS......Page 140
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 141
II. ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF HOT ARID ENVIRONMENTS......Page 143
III. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF POULTRY TO HOT ARID CLIMATES......Page 150
IV. EFFECTS OF THERMAL STRESS ON POULTRY PRODUCTION......Page 154
V. NUTRITION OF POULTRY AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES IN ARID REGIONS......Page 162
VI. POULTRY HOUSING IN HOT ARID ENVIRONMENTS......Page 167
VII. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN HOT ARID CLIMATES......Page 178
REFERENCES......Page 181
SUMMARY......Page 188
WITTWER PAPER......Page 189
KAMAL PAPER......Page 191
OEBKER PAPER......Page 194
UPCHURCH PAPER......Page 195
SALMAN PAPER......Page 196
PART VII: AQUACULTURAL SYSTEMS......Page 198
CHAPTER 8. PROSPECTS FOR PENAEID SHRIMP CULTURE IN ARID LANDS......Page 200
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS......Page 201
STATUS OF SHRIMP CULTURE EXPERTISE......Page 215
SHRIMP CULTURE IN THE ARABIAN GULF......Page 219
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 228
GENERAL DISCUSSION......Page 232
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 234
REFERENCES......Page 235
CHAPTER 9. DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BREEDING OF CULTURED FISHES......Page 240
II. BROODSTOCK......Page 241
III. GAMETES......Page 251
IV. INDUCED BREEDING......Page 258
V. CHOICE OF SPECIES FOR COASTAL AQUACULTURE......Page 287
REFERENCES......Page 290
CHAPTER 10. A COMPARISON OF TWO CLOSED RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS FOR THE CULTURE OF TILAPIA......Page 320
INTRODUCTION......Page 321
RESEARCH METHODS......Page 323
DISCUSSION......Page 352
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 356
REFERENCES......Page 358
CHAPTER 11. DEVELOPMENTS IN MASS CULTURE OF BRINE SHRIMP......Page 362
INTRODUCTION......Page 363
ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION......Page 364
SOURCES AND USE OF BRINE SHRIMP......Page 366
CULTURING OF BRINE SHRIMP......Page 370
INTENSIVE, HIGH-DENSITY BRINE SHRIMP CULTURE......Page 378
EXTENSIVE BRINE SHRIMP MASS CULTURE......Page 383
APPENDIX A......Page 386
APPENDIX B......Page 388
REFERENCES......Page 390
CHAPTER 12. MAJOR DISEASE IN MARINE AQUACULTURE AND EFFECTIVE METHODS IN MARINE CONTROL......Page 394
II. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS......Page 395
III. BACTERIAL DISEASES......Page 399
IV. MISCELLANEOUS N0NBACTERIAL DISEASES......Page 403
V. PARASITIC INFECTIONS......Page 405
VI. CONTROL OF DISEASES......Page 408
VII. DISCUSSIONS......Page 411
REFERENCES......Page 415
SUMMARY......Page 424
FARMER PAPER......Page 426
PULLIN AND KUO PAPER......Page 428
MOSS et al. PAPER......Page 431
GIDDINGS AND CHANLEY PAPER......Page 434
TAREEN PAPER......Page 436
PART VIII: FOOD SUPPLY–PRESERVATION......Page 438
CHAPTER 14. POSTHARVEST LOSSES AND CONTROL POTENTIALS......Page 440
INTRODUCTION......Page 441
THE POST-HARVEST SYSTEM......Page 445
THE POST-HARVEST SYSTEM FOR PERISHABLES......Page 448
CAUSES OF POST-HARVEST FOOD LOSSES......Page 450
EXTENT OF FOOD LOSSES......Page 451
POST-HARVEST FOOD LOSS CONTROL POTENTIALS......Page 453
LOSS PREVENTION IN FOOD GRAINS AND GRAIN LEGUMES......Page 454
LOSS PREVENTION IN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS......Page 455
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER......Page 457
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT......Page 458
ACTION TO PREVENT FOOD LOSSES......Page 459
APPENDIX A......Page 460
APPENDIX B......Page 462
REFERENCES......Page 466
CHAPTER 15. RESEARCH AND POSTPRODUCTION SYSTEMS......Page 468
POST-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS......Page 470
RURAL MECHANIZATION......Page 474
CROP DRYING......Page 475
THRESHING......Page 476
STORAGE......Page 477
PRIMARY PROCESSING......Page 480
SECONDARY PROCESSING......Page 486
RECENT ADVANCES IN CEREAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY......Page 492
AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS......Page 496
MICROBIAL PROTEIN......Page 497
PROTEIN FROM COFFEE PULP......Page 498
THE CONSUMER AND HOUSEHOLD......Page 499
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF THE SAT CROPS......Page 506
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 509
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO POST-PRODUCTION RESEARCH......Page 510
OTHER FOOD SOURCES......Page 512
STRENGTHENING THE INDIGENOUS RESEARCH CAPABILITY......Page 513
SYSTEMS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT......Page 514
REFERENCES......Page 516
CHAPTER 16. APPROPRIATE AND ADVANCED PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES......Page 520
FUNCTIONS OF PROCESSING......Page 521
LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING FOOD PROCESSING TECHNIQUES......Page 523
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY......Page 524
DESIRABLE GOALS......Page 525
CONSTRAINTS INHIBITING THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY......Page 526
RESEARCH NEEDED......Page 528
SUMMARY......Page 529
REFERENCES......Page 530
CHAPTER 17. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR DETERMINING POTENTIALS FOR SOLAR DEHYDRATION AND OTHER APPLICATIONS......Page 532
I. BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF SOLAR DRIERS......Page 533
II. PURPOSE AND FORMAT OF THE REPORT......Page 552
III. DETERMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL SURPLUS TO BE DRIED......Page 555
IV. ESTIMATION OF THE SOLAR RADIATION POTENTIAL......Page 559
V. OTHER RELEVANT CLIMATIC DATA AND INSTRUMENTATION......Page 565
VI. THE PROBLEM OF DEHYDRATION......Page 569
VII. DESIGN OF A SPECIFIC DRIER......Page 572
VIII. FACTORS DEALING WITH THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SOLAR DRIERS......Page 577
IX. OTHER USES OF SOLAR DRIERS......Page 580
X. SUMMARY - WHEN TO USE AND WHEN NOT USE SOLAR DRIERS......Page 581
REFERENCES......Page 584
SUMMARY......Page 586
HUYSMAN PAPER......Page 587
HULSE PAPER......Page 588
KIFER PAPER......Page 589
LAWAND AND LeNORMAND PAPER......Page 590
 EDITORS’ CLOSING REMARKS......Page 592
SUMMARY......Page 594
LAUNCHING THE PLAN PREPARATION......Page 596
ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL FACTORS AND BASIC RESOURCES......Page 597
ASSESSMENT OF MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS......Page 600
PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS WHICH COULD BE PRODUCED WITH THE AVAILABLE RESOURCES......Page 601
DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 604
FOLLOW-UP STEPS......Page 605
CONCLUSIONS......Page 606
INDUSTRIES POTENTIALLY DEVELOPABLE A CASE STUDY: KUWAIT......Page 608