Advances in Extraction and Applications of Bioactive Phytochemicals

Front Cover
Advances in Extraction and Applications of Bioactive Phytochemicals
Advances in Extraction and Applications of Bioactive Phytochemicals
Copyright
Contents
Author biography
Preface
Acknowledgment
1 - Pharmaceutical prospects of plant-based bioactive molecules
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Overview and structural compositions of naturally occurring bioactive phytochemical compounds
		1.2.1 Polyphenols
			1.2.1.1 Properties of polyphenols
		1.2.2 Alkaloids
			1.2.2.1 Heterocyclic alkaloids
			1.2.2.2 Nonheterocyclic alkaloids
			1.2.2.3 Properties of alkaloids
		1.2.3 Steroids
		1.2.4 Terpenes
		1.2.5 Pigments
		1.2.6 Others
	1.3 Analytical approaches for determining bioavailability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds
	1.4 Commercialization of naturally occurring bioactive compounds
	1.5 Conclusions and future perspectives
	References
2 - Utilization of various parts of the plant for the extraction of phytochemicals and high-throughput screening te ...
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Different parts of plants used to produce the pharmaceutically active compound
		2.2.1 Extracted from leaves
		2.2.2 Extracted from flower and seed
		2.2.3 Extracted from stem bark
		2.2.4 Extracted from the root
		2.2.5 Other parts of the plant
	2.3 High-throughput screening techniques for bioactive phytochemicals
		2.3.1 High-throughput screening platforms
		2.3.2 Assay development and optimization
		2.3.3 Primary and secondary screening
	2.4 Summary
	References
3 - Conventional approaches for the extraction of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Conventional approaches for the extraction of bioactive compounds
		3.2.1 Soxhlet extraction
			3.2.1.1 High-pressure Soxhlet extraction
			3.2.1.2 Ultrasound-assisted Soxhlet extraction
			3.2.1.3 Microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction
		3.2.2 Maceration
			3.2.2.1 Modified maceration process
		3.2.3 Infusion
		3.2.4 Decoction
		3.2.5 Percolation
		3.2.6 Hydrodistillation
			3.2.6.1 Water distillation
			3.2.6.2 Water and steam distillation
			3.2.6.3 Direct steam distillation
	3.3 Limitations associated with the conventional techniques
	3.4 Summary
	References
4 - Advancement in bioactive compound extraction from natural products for pharmaceutical applications
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Different extraction approaches
		4.2.1 Microwave-assisted extraction
			4.2.1.1 Important parameters
		4.2.2 Ultrasound-assisted extraction
			4.2.2.1 Important parameters
		4.2.3 Pressurized liquid extraction
		4.2.4 Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
			4.2.4.1 Important factors
		4.2.5 Subcritical water extraction
			4.2.5.1 Important parameters
		4.2.6 Enzyme-assisted extraction
			4.2.6.1 Important parameters
		4.2.7 Infrared-assisted extraction
			4.2.7.1 Important parameters
		4.2.8 Flash extraction
		4.2.9 Membrane-assisted extraction process
	4.3 Future perspectives
	4.4 Summary
	References
5 - Neoteric solvents for extraction of bioactive phytochemicals
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Classification of different synthetic solvents
		5.2.1 Supercritical fluids
		5.2.2 Fluorous solvents
		5.2.3 Ionic liquids
			5.2.3.1 Preparation of ionic liquid
		5.2.4 Eutectic solvents
			5.2.4.1 Deep eutectic solvent preparation
	5.3 The emergence of solvent-free reactions in pharmaceutical industries
	5.4 Summary
	References
6 - Application and effectiveness of computational methods in improving the production of bioactive phytochemicals
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Insight into the progress of different computational tools
		6.2.1 Artificial intelligence
		6.2.2 Artificial intelligence in improving the production of secondary metabolites from plants
		6.2.3 Artificial intelligence in plant tissue culture
		6.2.4 Artificial intelligence in drug design and discovery
	6.3 Insight into the advancement of molecular docking
		6.3.1 Molecular docking in drug design
		6.3.2 Application of molecular docking in the treatment of various diseases
	6.4 Insight on molecular dynamics simulation for diseases and drug design
		6.4.1 Adaptation of MD simulation for various diseases
		6.4.2 Adaptation of MD simulation for drug designing
	6.5 Summary
	References
7 - Advances in encapsulation strategies for bioactive phytochemicals
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Different encapsulation processes for bioactive compounds
		7.2.1 Spray drying
		7.2.2 Freeze-drying
		7.2.3 Electrospraying
		7.2.4 Electrospinning
		7.2.5 Extrusion
			7.2.5.1 Hot-melt extrusion
			7.2.5.2 Melt injection extrusion process
			7.2.5.3 Centrifugal extrusion (co-extrusion)
			7.2.5.4 Electrostatic extrusion
		7.2.6 Layer-by-layer disposition
	7.3 Future perspectives
	7.4 Summary
	References
8 - Applications of herb-derived bioactive phytochemicals
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Treatment of orthopedic diseases using herbal extracts
		8.2.1 Icariin
		8.2.2 Tetrandrine
		8.2.3 Ursolic acid
	8.3 Influence of herbal plants as immunity boosters in the treatment of COVID-19 and other diseases
		8.3.1 Azadirachta indica
		8.3.2 Phyllanthus emblica
		8.3.3 Picrorhiza kurroa
		8.3.4 Ocimum tenuiflorum
		8.3.5 Withania somnifera
		8.3.6 Piper nigrum
		8.3.7 Zingiber officinale
		8.3.8 Curcuma longa
	8.4 Effect of herbal nanoformulation in the applications of tropical delivery
	8.5 Summary
	References
9 - Pharmacologic and therapeutic aspects of various medicinal plants
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Medicinal effect of Nigella sativa in different fields
		9.2.1 Treatment for asthma
		9.2.2 Role in diabetes control
		9.2.3 Efficacy against different types of cancer
		9.2.4 Common effects
	9.3 Selective plants in the treatment of different diseases
		9.3.1 Abelmoschus manihot
		9.3.2 Abutilon indicum
		9.3.3 Thespesia populnea
		9.3.4 Solanum surattense
		9.3.5 Mucuna pruriens
		9.3.6 Senna auriculata
	9.4 Medicinal efficacy of phytochemicals
		9.4.1 Quercetin
		9.4.2 Ferulic acid
		9.4.3 Curcumin
		9.4.4 Myricetin
	9.5 Summary
	References
10 - Applications of plant-derived metal nanoparticles in pharmaceuticals
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles for pharmaceutical application
		10.2.1 Silver nanoparticles
		10.2.2 Gold nanoparticles
		10.2.3 Copper nanoparticles
		10.2.4 Other metallic nanoparticles
	10.3 Factors influencing the production of metallic nanoparticles from plant extract
		10.3.1 pH
		10.3.2 Temperature
		10.3.3 Reaction time
		10.3.4 Concentration of plant extract
	10.4 Application of metallic nanoparticles in pharmaceuticals
		10.4.1 Antibacterial
		10.4.2 Antiviral
		10.4.3 Anticancer
		10.4.4 Antioxidant
		10.4.5 Other applications
	10.5 Limitations and future perspectives
	10.6 Summary
	References
11 - Patents on naturally derived pharmaceuticals
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Patents on naturally derived pharmaceuticals
		11.2.1 Extraction of pharmaceutically active components from plant materials
		11.2.2 Pharmaceutical and therapeutic compositions derived from Garcinia mangostana L plant
		11.2.3 Hot-melt extruded compositions containing plant-derived phenolic materials and processes for the preparation thereof
		11.2.4 Process for producing an antioxidant extract from the bearberry plant
		11.2.5 Use of bamboo leaf flavone in preparing cosmetics and food additives
		11.2.6 Production of catechin from natural sources using membrane-based technology
		11.2.7 Ginger extract and its preparing method and application
		11.2.8 Method for producing vanillin and syringaldehyde by catalytic oxidation of alkali lignin of sugarcane residue
		11.2.9 Processes for extracting carotenoids and for preparing feed materials
		11.2.10 Aromatic carbon-coated iron-aluminum nanocomposite and its green synthetic process
		11.2.11 Compositions of catechin flavonoids mixture
	11.3 Summary
	References
Index
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