Advances in Equine Nutrition IV

Copyright
......Page 5
Nutrition and Management of the Performance Horse......Page 6
Nutrition and Management of the Growing Horse......Page 7
Pathological Conditions......Page 8
Requirements or Recommendations?......Page 12
Acceptable Ranges......Page 14
Evaluating Rations......Page 15
References......Page 17
Source of Data......Page 18
Commercial Analyses......Page 19
Building Tables......Page 21
Classifying Feeds......Page 24
Summary......Page 25
References......Page 26
Digestive Function......Page 28
Forage Composition......Page 29
Factors Affecting Forage Quality......Page 30
Buffering Capacity of Forage......Page 32
References......Page 34
Grazing Preferences of Horses for Different Cool-Season Grasses......Page 36
References......Page 38
Introduction......Page 40
Concentration of Various Forms of Carbohydrate in Grass......Page 41
Environmental Factors Trigger Genetic Potential......Page 43
Growth Rate......Page 44
Maturity......Page 45
Stage of Growth vs. Environmental Conditions......Page 46
Inverse Relationship Between NSC Concentration and Yield......Page 48
Growing Low-NSC Grass May Be Difficult......Page 49
Summary......Page 50
References......Page 51
Introduction......Page 54
My Horse is Too Skinny!......Page 55
My Horse is Too Fat!......Page 57
References......Page 60
What Are Carotenoids?......Page 62
ß-carotene Absorption, Transport, and Tissue Retention......Page 63
Benefit to Reproduction and Lactation......Page 64
Intake and Supplementation......Page 65
Recommended Intakes......Page 67
Summary......Page 68
References......Page 69
Introduction......Page 72
Antioxidants Help Prevent Cell Damage Caused by Oxidative Stress......Page 73
Vitamin E Deficiency Symptoms......Page 75
Determining Vitamin E Availability and Requirements......Page 76
Vitamin E Benefits Horses During All Life Stages and Performance Levels......Page 79
Natural Vitamin E Differs from Synthetic Vitamin E......Page 80
Importance of Form of Vitamin E-Tocopherol Utilized Better Than Tocopheryl-Ester......Page 81
References......Page 84
You Are What You Eat......Page 88
Common Equine Management Practices: A Recipe for Gastric Irritation......Page 89
Behavior Problems and Equine Nutrition......Page 90
Reducing Stereotypic Behaviors......Page 94
References......Page 95
Introduction......Page 102
Materials and Methods......Page 103
Results......Page 105
References......Page 108
Methods and Materials......Page 110
Discussion......Page 111
References......Page 112
Developmental Problems of Bone......Page 114
Osteochondrosis......Page 115
The Cause of OCD......Page 116
 Do Not Respond to Conservative Management......Page 119
Traumatic Lesions of the Subchondral Bone......Page 126
References......Page 129
Introduction and Brief History of Nutrient Requirements of Horses......Page 138
The Pregnant Mare......Page 139
Growing Horses......Page 141
References......Page 146
Method......Page 148
Results......Page 149
Discussion......Page 150
References......Page 151
Introduction......Page 152
Materials and Method......Page 153
Results and Discussion......Page 154
References......Page 160
Materials and Methods......Page 162
Discussion......Page 163
References......Page 164
Fetal Nutrition......Page 166
Nutritional Status of Mares......Page 168
Milk Production......Page 169
Growth Regulators......Page 170
References......Page 173
Introduction......Page 178
Skeletal Adaptations with the Onset of Training......Page 179
Feeding Programs for Two-Year-Olds......Page 185
References......Page 187
Early Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract......Page 190
Development of Hydrolytic Enzyme Systems......Page 192
Physical Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract......Page 193
Development of Microbial Fermentation......Page 196
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 202
Materials and Methods......Page 203
Results......Page 205
Discussion......Page 206
References......Page 207
Contractile Fiber Types......Page 210
Metabolic Fiber Types......Page 211
Variation in Muscle Fiber Type Composition......Page 212
Effect of Growth on Metabolic and Contractile Properties......Page 213
Adaptations to Training......Page 215
Conclusion......Page 216
References......Page 217
Introduction......Page 220
Nature versus Nurture......Page 221
Is Growth Important to a Horse’s Career?......Page 222
Nutrition of the Young, Growing Horse......Page 225
Conclusion......Page 228
References......Page 229
Materials and Method......Page 230
Results......Page 231
Discussion......Page 234
Acknowledgements......Page 236
References......Page 237
Size Matters at the Sales......Page 238
Comparison by Session......Page 239
RNA Analysis......Page 243
Conclusions......Page 246
Introduction......Page 248
Materials and Method......Page 249
Results......Page 251
Discussion......Page 260
References......Page 261
Introduction......Page 264
Factors Affecting DOD and Bone Strength Development......Page 267
Nutritional Factors as a Cause of Developmental Orthopedic Disease......Page 269
References......Page 272
Starvation......Page 278
Disease and Emaciation......Page 279
Nutritional Requirements for Emaciated and/or Sick Horses......Page 280
Disease and Nutrition......Page 282
Senior Horses......Page 284
References......Page 286
Carbohydrates in Horse Feed......Page 288
Metabolic Disorders......Page 291
Summary......Page 293
References......Page 294
Equine Cushing’s Disease (Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction [PPID])......Page 296
Equine Metabolic Syndrome......Page 303
References......Page 309
Incidence......Page 312
Predisposing Causes......Page 313
Pathophysiologic Theories......Page 314
Recent Research......Page 316
Metabolic/Endocrine Events......Page 317
Oxidative Stress......Page 321
Forages......Page 322
Recognition of Horses at Risk of Laminitis......Page 323
Cryotherapy for Prevention......Page 324
Intracecal Buffering......Page 325
References......Page 326
Prevalence......Page 332
General Risk Factors......Page 333
Event-Associated Colic Risk......Page 337
Prevention......Page 340
References......Page 342
Decompression......Page 346
Systemic Analgesics......Page 347
Combating Ileus......Page 350
Hydration......Page 351
Treatment of Impactions......Page 352
Equine Nutrition after Colic......Page 354
Enteral Nutrition......Page 355
Parenteral Nutrition......Page 357
Footnotes......Page 358
References......Page 359
Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome......Page 366
Right Dorsal Colitis (Colonic Ulcers)......Page 370
References......Page 372
Glucose Transport Into Muscle and Adipose Cells......Page 374
Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance......Page 375
Measuring Insulin Resistance in Horses......Page 377
Conclusion......Page 380
References......Page 381
History and Presenting Complaint......Page 386
Diagnosis of EIPH......Page 387
Pathophysiology and Etiology......Page 388
Treatment and Prognosis......Page 389
Excessive Bleeding......Page 391
Overview of Treatment......Page 392
References......Page 393
Pathogenesis......Page 398
Incidence......Page 399
Clinical Signs......Page 400
Management......Page 401
References......Page 402
Introduction......Page 404
Measurement of Mechanical Inputs......Page 405
Measurement of Tissue Architecture and Geometry......Page 406
Measurement of Tissue Matrix Properties, Including Measurement of Material and Biochemical Matrix Properties......Page 411
Individual Direct Biomarkers of Cartilage Metabolism......Page 413
Individual Direct Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism......Page 414
Gene Chip Microarray......Page 415
References......Page 416
Neonatal Foals......Page 422
Common Diseases in Young Foals......Page 424
Gastrointestinal Health and Probiotics/Prebiotics......Page 425
Growing Foals and Weanlings......Page 426
Outlook for Athletic Performance......Page 427
References......Page 428
Considerations for Control Programs......Page 430
Patterns of Transmission......Page 431
Objectives of Parasite Control......Page 432
Tools of Parasite Control......Page 433
Anthelmintic Resistance......Page 434
Developing Rational, Customized Control Programs......Page 435
References......Page 438
INDEX......Page 440