Advances in Earthquake Geotechnics (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Risks and Vulnerabilities in the Design, Construction, and Operation of Offshore Wind Turbine Farms in Seismic Areas
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Offshore Wind Farm
		1.2 Seismic Risks to an Offshore Wind Farm
		1.3 Codes of Practices for Seismic Design of Offshore Wind Turbines
	2 Challenges in Seismic Design
	3 Issues in Seismic Analysis
		3.1 Design Return Period
		3.2 Seismic Hazard Analysis (Ground-Motion Parameter and Fault Displacement)
		3.3 Choosing the Response Spectra
		3.4 Ground-Motion Selection for Time-History Analyses
		3.5 Combination of Seismic Actions with Wind and Wave
	4 Effect of Soil Liquefaction on Monopile: Reduction in Capacity and Permanent Tilt
	5 Offshore Substations
	6 Performance-Based Design and Risk Modeling
		6.1 Approaches to RISK Modeling for Offshore Wind Farms
	7 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modelling of Basin Effects on Earthquake Ground Motions in Kutch Basin
	1 Introduction
	2 Basin Effects
	3 Kutch Basin: Seismotectonic Setting and Strong Motion Instrumentation
	4 3D Seismic Analysis of Kutch Basin by Spectral Element Method
	5 2D Non-linear Seismic Analysis of Kutch Basin by Finite Difference Method
	6 Parametric Studies on Factors Influencing Basin Response
	7 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Controlled Ground-Borne Vibrations for Design of Sub-structural Systems—Theory and Practice
	1 Introduction
	2 Mitigation of Ground-Borne Vibration
	3 Response of Railway Track System Under Cyclic Loading
	4 Determination of Blast-Induced Vibration Parameters
	5 Impact Assessment Study of Heritage Structures
		5.1 Geotechnical Conditions at Site
		5.2 Effect of Ground-Borne Vibration Due to Construction Activity on Heritage Structures
		5.3 Estimation of Vibration Level Due to Piling Activities
		5.4 Estimation of Vibration Due to Tunneling
		5.5 Vibration Due to Blasting
		5.6 Numerical Analysis
		5.7 Seismic Analysis of Twin Tunnel
	6 Conclusions
	References
Geotechnical, Geological and Geophysical Investigations for Seismic Microzonation and Site-Specific Earthquake Hazard Analysis in Gujarat
	1 Introduction
	2 Geological Investigations
		2.1 Site Characterization Based on Geomorphological Mapping
		2.2 Terrain Analysis
	3 Geotechnical Investigations
	4 The 2D and 3D Soil Modelling: Lithological Set-Up
	5 Estimation of Shear-Wave Velocity and Engineering Bed Layer
		5.1 PS-Logging
		5.2 Shallow Seismic Survey and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW)
		5.3 Shear-Wave Velocity Profiles Throughout Gujarat
		5.4 MASW Test to Identify Faults
		5.5 Determination of Relation Between Vs30 and SPT N Values
		5.6 MASW Test at Anjar to Detect Possible Site Amplification Effects During Past Earthquakes
		5.7 Refraction Survey at Mundra
	6 Application of Microtremor Investigation for Subsurface Modelling
	7 Estimating Depths to Different Layers
	8 Assessment of Strong Ground Motion
		8.1 Preparation of Ground Model for Response Analysis
		8.2 Input Motion at the Engineering Bed Layer
		8.3 Stochastic Finite Fault Source Modelling (SFFSM)
		8.4 Ground Motion Parameters of Target Earthquakes
	9 Measurement of Soil Amplification
	10 Response Analysis
	11 Liquefaction Potential
	12 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Analysis of Pile Foundations Using an Integrated Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Integrated Approach of Seismic Analysis of Pile Foundations
		2.1 Step 1: Quantification of Seismic Hazard
		2.2 Step 2: Site Characterisation and Site Response Analysis
		2.3 Step 3: Integrated Seismic Analysis
		2.4 Step 4: Redesign or Strengthening Measures
	3 Seismic Analysis of Pile Foundation—Example Application
		3.1 Seismic Hazard Analysis
		3.2 Local Soil Conditions
		3.3 Seismic Analysis
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Numerical Modeling of Liquefaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Partially-Coupled Approach
		2.1 Finn Model
		2.2 UBC3D-PLM Model
		2.3 Numerical Study
	3 Coupled Approach
		3.1 Numerical Study
	4 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Region Specific Consideration for GMPE Development, Representative Seismic Hazard Estimation and Rock Design Spectrum for Himalayan Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Seismic Data and Study Area
	3 Functional Form and New GMPE
		3.1 Regional Seismotectonic Parameters and GMPE
	4 Ranks and Weights of GMPEs for HR
	5 The Shape of Design Spectrum for HR
		5.1 Design Spectrum for Code
		5.2 Spectrum Control Period and Factor
		5.3 Bedrock Horizontal Design Spectrum for Himalayan Region
	6 Soil Amplification and Spectrum
	7 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Seismic Response of Shallow Foundations on Reinforced Sand Bed
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Details
		2.1 Soil Bed Preparation
		2.2 Geogrid
		2.3 Structure
		2.4 Testing Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Footing Settlement
		3.2 Footing Rotation
		3.3 Column Moment
		3.4 Shear Stress–Strain Behaviour
	4 Conclusions
	References
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Concrete Gravity Dam on Rock Foundation System with Shear Zone
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Material Properties
		2.2 Modeling
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Pseudo-Static Analysis
		3.2 Dynamic Analysis
		3.3 Comparative Study of Pseudo-Static Method and Dynamic Analyses
	4 Conclusions
	References
Visualization of Liquefaction in Soils with PWP Measurements by Tapping
	1 Introduction
	2 Seismic History of Delhi
	3 Experimental Investigations
	4 Creating Liquefaction Effect by Tapping
		4.1 The Present Investigation
	5 Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
An Experimental Study on Soil Spring Stiffness of Vibrating Bases on Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Fine Sand
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Material Properties
	4 Small-Scale Cyclic Load Tests for Determination of Cu of Unreinforced and Fibre Reinforced Fine Sand
	5 Effect of Fibre Addition on Amplitude of Vibration of Machine Foundations
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Guidelines for Minimization of Uncertainties and Estimation of a Reliable Shear Wave Velocity Profile Using MASW Testing: A State-of-the-Art Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Basic Principles of MASW Testing
		1.2 MASW Methodology
	2 Uncertainties in the MASW Method
		2.1 Model-Based Uncertainty
		2.2 Data Measurement Uncertainty
		2.3 Inversion Uncertainty
	3 Data Acquisition
		3.1 Active Test
		3.2 Passive Test
		3.3 Combined Active and Passive Test
	4 Data Processing (Estimation of the Experimental Dispersion Curve)
		4.1 Methods of MASW Data Processing
	5 Inversion
		5.1 Choice of the Depth of Vs Profile While Doing Inversion
		5.2 Parameterization During Inversion
		5.3 Special Considerations During Inversion: Inversely Dispersive Layers and Higher Modes
		5.4 Use of Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and Joint Inversion
		5.5 Use of a Priori Information
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References