Advances in Delay-tolerant Networks Dtns: Architecture and Enhanced Performance

Front Matter
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
An introduction to delay and disruption tolerant networks (DTNs)
	Introduction
	Delay-tolerant network architecture
	DTN application scenarios
	DTN routing protocols
		Single-copy routing protocols
		Multiple-copy routing protocols
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) for satellite communications
	Introduction
	DTN architecture
		Bundle protocol
			DTN as an overlay
			Store-and-forward and custody option
			Fragmentation
			Intermittent links
		Bundle protocol security
		Bundle protocol implementations
			DTN2: The bundle protocol reference implementation
			ION: The bundle protocol implementation by NASA JPL
	GEO constellations
		Advantages and challenges of GEO constellations
		Possible countermeasures against GEO satellite impairments: Specialized protocols design and deployment challenges
		DTN as an extension of TCP-splitting PEPs
		Performance with fixed terminals: Continuous channels
			Ideal channel
			Congestion
			PER
			PER and congestion
		Performance with mobile terminals: Disruptive channels
	LEO constellations
		Advantages and challenges of LEO constellations
			Link intermittency and scheduled contacts
			Delay between data creation and availability: Multiple ground stations or GEO relays
			Routing with scheduled intermittent links
		LEO satellites for Earth observation: Multiple ground stations
			Experiment description
			Analysis of results
		LEO satellites for Earth observation: Ground stations and GEO relays
			Experiment description
			Analysis of results
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) for deep-space communications*
	Introduction
	Data communications in deep space
	Networking requirements for deep-space data
	Implementing a deep-space DTN solution
		A space-data DTN architecture
		Trusted DTN nodes
		Data Originators
		Security considerations
	Summary
	References
Vehicular delay-tolerant networks
	Introduction
	Vehicular networks applications
	Vehicular communications
	Vehicular delay-tolerant networks
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) for underwater communications*
	Introduction
	Related work
		A framework for mobile underwater acoustic networks
		Delay-tolerant data dolphin (DDD)
		Adaptive routing
		An integrated data retrieval protocol
		An underwater convergence layer
		Data collection with multiple mobile actors
		The PASR protocol
		The TCBR protocol
		The resilient routing protocol
		The DUCS protocol
		The EDETA protocol
		The AURP protocol
		The utility-based protocol
		The AMCTD protocol
		The QDTR protocol
		The VOM-DTN protocol
		The DCT protocol
		The Ma-Sync protocol
	A contemporary view of underwater delay-tolerant networks
		Observations and suggestions
		A possible solution
	Future trends
	Conclusion
	References
Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) for emergency communications*
	Introduction
	Overview of proposed DTN solutions
		Wireless networking systems and architectures for emergency response
			WIISARD
			RESCUE
			SAFIRE
			AID-N
		Why delay-tolerant networks for emergency communication?
	Mobility models for emergency DTNs
		Postdisaster mobility model
		Enhanced postdisaster mobility model
	DistressNet
		Motivating scenario
		DistressNet applications
		Hardware and software architecture
	Routing protocols for emergency DTNs
		Intercontact routing for emergency DTNs
		Raven: Quality of service-aware routing for emergency DTNs
	Minimizing energy consumption in emergency DTNs
		Duty-cycling using mobility prediction
		Characterizing the performance-energy consumption tradeoff
	Conclusions and future trends
		Future trends
	References
Environment friendly green data broadcasting in delay-tolerant opportunistic networks*
	Introduction
	Issues related to energy efficiency in OppNets
		Energy efficiency issues in geocasting
		Energy efficiency issues related to security in OppNets
	Related work
		Comparison of energy efficient routing protocols for OppNets
	Environment friendly green data broadcasting techniques
		Energy efficient PRoPHET routing protocol
		Energy efficient PRoWait routing protocol
		Energy efficient EDR routing protocol
		Energy efficient ATDTN routing protocol
		Geocasting techniques
			Floating content
			GeoOPP
			Expected visiting rate
			Geocasting in mobile partitioned networks
	Evaluation
		Simulation results
	Conclusion
	References
Assessing the Bundle Protocol (BP) and alternative approaches to data bundling in delay-tolerant networks (DTN ...
	Introduction
	DTN architecture and Bundle Protocol implementation profiles
		DTN/BP-DINET profile
		DTN/BP-UK-DMC profile
		DTN/BP-N4C profile
		DTN/BP-SPINDLE profile
		Summary of DTN profiles
	Alternative approaches
		Haggle and opportunistic networking
		File-based space operations
		HTTP-based DTN architecture
		Information-centric networking
		Overall assessment
	Future trends
	Sources of further information and advice
	References
Opportunistic routing in mobile ad hoc delay-tolerant networks (DTNs)
	Introduction
	Challenges
	Overview of multiple existing opportunistic routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks
		Extremely opportunistic routing protocol (ExOR)
		Resilient opportunistic mesh routing (ROMER)
		Multipath code casting
		Coding opportunistically (COPE)
		Hybrid opportunistic routing protocols
		MORE
		O3: Optimized overlay-based opportunistic routing
		Opportunistic routing in multi-radio multichannel multihop wireless networks
		Social-aware opportunistic routing protocol, dLife
		Social group-based opportunistic routing
		Machine learning/artificial intelligence-based opportunistic routing
		Fog computing and opportunistic routing
	Combining on-demand opportunistic routing protocols
	Open research topics and future trends
	Sources of further information and advice
	References
Reliable data streaming over delay-tolerant networks (DTNs)*
	Introduction
	Challenges for streaming support in DTNs
	Using on-the-fly coding to enable robust DTN streaming
	Evaluation of existing streaming proposals over a DTN network
		Relevant schemes
			Uncoded
			Erasure coding scheme (FEC (n,k))
			Automatic repeat ReQuest
		Network settings
		Results
	Implementation discussion
		Choice of parameters
		Complexity
			Computation complexity
			Buffer complexity
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Rapid selection and dissemination of urgent messages over delay-tolerant networks (DTNs)*
	Introduction
	One-to-many communication in resource-constrained environments
		DTN multicast/broadcast
		Differentiation mechanisms
		Message differentiation in intermittently connected networks
	Random walk gossip (RWG)
		Random walk and handshake mechanism
		Message metadata
		Message activation mechanism
	RWG and message differentiation
		Random order
		Least informed first
		Earliest deadline first
		Least slack first
	Evaluation with vehicular mobility models
		Experimental setup
			Mobility
			Metrics
		Comparison of message differentiation mechanisms
		Detailed analysis of resulting latency distributions
	Discussion
	References
Using social network analysis (SNA) to design socially aware network solutions in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs)*
	Introduction
	Social characteristics of delay-tolerant networks (DTNs)
		The social graph
		Measurement metrics
		Community structure
	Social-based human mobility models
	Socially aware data forwarding in DTNs
		Community-based forwarding
		Community-independent forwarding
		Social-based multicasting
		User selfishness and incentive schemes
	Conclusion
	References
Performance issues and design choices in delay-tolerant network (DTN) algorithms and protocols*
	Introduction
	Performance metrics
		Protocol design
		Throughput and goodput
		Delivery delay
		Discovery latency
		Contact utilization
		Bundle rate
		Memory consumption
	Processing overhead
		Data flow
		Storage
		PDU encoding
	The curse of copying-I/O performance matters
		Problem statement
		Design advice: Central block storage mechanism
		Design advice: Hybrid storage
	Throughput
		Hop-by-hop throughput
			DTN protocol stack overhead
			Cross-layer approaches for reduced overhead
			Implementation details
		End-to-end throughput
			DTN capacity model
			DTN capacity
	Latency and queueing
		Contact utilization
		Throughput
		Scheduling
	Discovery latency and energy issues
		The need for discovery
		Contact utilization
		Energy usage for discovery
		Discovery using secondary radios
	Conclusions
	References
Using emulation to validate applications on opportunistic networks
	Introduction
	Development challenges of opportunistic applications
		Dealing with opportunistic networks characterization
			Analytical modeling
			DTN simulators
			Traces collection
			DTN emulators and test beds
			Middlewares and real DTN stacks
		Dealing with opportunistic networks impact
		Reconciling perspectives
	Requirements for opportunistic network emulation
		Link layer requirements
		Connection-oriented vs. contact-oriented emulation
		Opportunistic emulation requirements
	Conclusions
	References
The quest for a killer app for delay-tolerant networks (DTNs)*
	Introduction
	The quest for a problem
		Isolated and reduced-connectivity areas
		Sea applications
		Smart networking
	DTN as an enabling technology
		DTN implementations
		DTN tools and performance
		Technology adoption
	Conclusions and future trends
	Sources of further information and advice
	References
Index
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