Advances in Cryogenic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1960 Cryogenic Engineering Conference University of Colorado and National Bureau of Standards Boulder, Colorado August 23–25, 1960

Front Matter....Pages i-x
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Status of Electric Propulsion Systems for Space Missions....Pages 3-19
Experimental Performance and Selection of Cryogenic Rocket Insulation Systems....Pages 20-31
Progress Report on Development of High-Efficiency Insulation....Pages 32-41
Improvement of Evacuated Aerogel Powder Insulation....Pages 42-49
Back-Diffusion into Stored Cryogenic Liquids Venting to the Atmosphere....Pages 50-61
Front Matter....Pages 63-63
Superconducting Cryogenic Motors....Pages 65-72
Compact Joule-Thomson Refrigeration Systems 15–60°K....Pages 73-81
A New Refrigeration System for 4.2°K....Pages 82-94
The Cryogenic Gyro....Pages 95-105
Spaceborne Cryostats for Continuous Operation....Pages 106-116
Selection of Lubricants and Thread Compounds for Oxygen Missile Systems....Pages 117-129
Principle of a Liquid Nitrogen Irradiation Device and Its Realization for Use in a Swimming-Pool Type Reactor....Pages 130-135
The Direct Current Transformer....Pages 136-142
Front Matter....Pages 143-143
Superconductivity....Pages 145-148
Superconducting Rectifiers....Pages 149-153
Superconducting Resonant Cavities....Pages 154-165
Superconducting Magnets....Pages 166-173
Front Matter....Pages 175-175
Liquid Hydrogen from Refinery Waste Gases....Pages 177-184
Explosion Hazards of Liquid Hydrogen....Pages 185-194
Vacuum Pumping with Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 195-201
Front Matter....Pages 175-175
Comparison of Liquid Pumping and Gas Compression in Gas-Producing Oxygen Plants....Pages 202-209
Wear and Friction of Impregnated Carbon Seal Materials in Liquid Nitrogen and Hydrogen....Pages 210-218
Elastomers for Static Seals at Cryogenic Temperatures....Pages 219-227
Bearing Lubrication at Low Temperatures....Pages 228-235
Studies of the Low-Temperature Distillation of Hydrogen Isotopes....Pages 236-244
Evaluation of Ball Bearing Separator Materials Operating Submerged in Liquid Nitrogen....Pages 245-257
Front Matter....Pages 259-259
An Analytical Method for Estimating Gas Requirements in the Pressurization and Transfer of Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 261-271
Pressure Phenomena During Transfer of Saturated Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 272-280
Pressurized Transfer of Cryogenic Fluids from Tanks in Liquid-Nitrogen Baths....Pages 281-292
Design of Piping for Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 293-301
Calculations Relating to the Pressure Change in a Vented Tank Being Filled with Liquid Oxygen....Pages 302-309
Dynamic Response of Fluid and Wall Temperatures During Pressurized Discharge of a Liquid from a Container....Pages 310-322
Pressurized Cool-Down of a Cryogenic Liquid Transfer System Containing Vertical Sections....Pages 323-333
The Design and Testing of a 6000 GPM Liquid Oxygen Pump Transfer System....Pages 334-342
Front Matter....Pages 343-343
A Helium 3 Refrigerator....Pages 345-353
Design Considerations for Cryogenic Liquid Refill Systems for Cooling Infrared Detection Cells....Pages 354-362
Infrared Detector Refrigerators....Pages 363-371
Tensile Cryostat for the Temperature Range 4° to 300°K....Pages 372-378
Design and Operation of a High-Accuracy Calibration Stand for Cryogenic Flowmeters....Pages 379-387
A Durable and Reliable Test Stand System for High-Accuracy Temperature Measurements in the Cryogenic Ranges of Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen....Pages 388-395
Front Matter....Pages 343-343
A Simple Transfer Tube for Liquid Helium....Pages 396-398
A Method and Apparatus for Concentrating Trace Impurities in Analyzing Grade-A Helium....Pages 399-405
A New Method for Detection of Liquid Level of Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 406-410
Front Matter....Pages 411-411
A Comparison of Methods of Predicting Equilibrium Gas Phase Compositions in Pressurized Binary Systems Containing an Essentially Pure Condensed Phase....Pages 413-428
Application of the Corresponding States Principle to Mixtures of Low Molecular Weight Gases at Low Temperatures and Elevated Pressures....Pages 429-445
Phase Equilibrium of the Nitrogen-Hydrogen System in the Critical Region of Hydrogen....Pages 446-449
Approximate Wide-Range Equation of State for Hydrogen....Pages 450-456
The Adsorption of Methane on Silica Gel at Low Temperatures....Pages 457-466
Phase Equilibria in the CO 2 -Methane Systems....Pages 467-474
A Preliminary Temperature-Entropy Diagram for Neon....Pages 475-478
Front Matter....Pages 479-479
The Non-Adiabatic Flow of an Evaporating Cryogenic Fluid Through a Horizontal Tube....Pages 481-498
A Study of Heat and Mass Transfer to Uninsulated Liquid Oxygen Containers....Pages 499-508
Single-Tube Heat Transfer Tests with Liquid Hydrogen....Pages 509-516
Experimental Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Film Boiling Liquid Hydrogen Flowing Through a Heated Tube....Pages 517-524
Some Aspects of the Design and Operation of Low Temperature Regenerators....Pages 525-536
Low-Temperature Thermocouple Thermometry....Pages 537-541
Reproducibilities of Carbon and Germanium Thermometers at 4.2°K....Pages 542-547
Floating Polystyrene Beads as Insulation for Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 548-554
Conversion Correction for Evaluating Net Heat Flux into a Liquid Hydrogen Container....Pages 555-561
Front Matter....Pages 563-563
Mechanical Properties of Four Austenitic Stainless Steels at Temperatures Between 300° and 20°K....Pages 565-576
Front Matter....Pages 563-563
Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of 300 Series Stainless Steel and Titanium....Pages 577-586
Gamma to Alpha Transformation in Austenitic Stainless Steel Under Stress (Single and Repeated) Down to 20°K....Pages 587-589
The Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloy 5083-H113 Plate and Butt Weldments at 75° and -300°F....Pages 590-603
Properties of 7000 Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures....Pages 604-621
Low-Temperature Research on Transuranic Metals....Pages 622-626
A Simplified Determination of Crystallinity of Fluoroplastics and the Prediction of Their Behavior at Cryogenic Temperatures....Pages 627-636
New Data on Aluminum Alloys for Cryogenic Applications....Pages 637-649
Back Matter....Pages 651-662