Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking: Proceedings of ICCDN 2021

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Novel Area Effective Designs for Full Adder and Full Subtractor Using QCA
	1 Introduction
	2 QCA Overview
	3 Basic QCA Gates
	4 Majority Voter Gate (MVG)
	5 Construction of AND and OR Gates
	6 QCA Inverter
	7 Clocking Schemes in QCA
	8 QCA EX-OR Gate
	9 The Layout of Currently Designed Full Adder in QCA
	10 The Layout of Proposed Full Subtractor in QCA
	11 Performance Analysis
	12 Conclusion
	References
Study of All-Optical Directional Coupler Based on Holes in Slab Photonic Crystal Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Design, Band Analysis and Coupling Theory
		2.1 Single Waveguide Coupling
		2.2 Double Waveguide Coupling
		2.3 Obstacles in the Waveguide During Coupling
		2.4 Constructive and Destructive Interference While Coupling
		2.5 Effect of Hole Radius on Coupling Length and Power
	3 Conclusion
	References
All-Optical Feynman Gate Using Frequency Encoding Scheme, Add/Drop Multiplexer and Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier with Simulative Verification
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Feynman Gate
	4 Operational Principle of ADM and RSOA
	5 The Proposed Scheme of Operation of Frequency Encoded Feynman Gate
	6 Simulation Results of Proposed Feynman Gate
	7 Results and Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	References
Effects of Dimensional Variations on Short Channel Parameters in 14 nm Channel Length TG–SOI FinFETs
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Implementation and Principle
	3 Results with Outcomes
	4 Conclusion
	References
Dibit-Based 4-Bit Parity Generator Using Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Frequency Encoding Scheme
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 The Function of RSOA and ADM
	4 The Proposed Scheme of Operation of 4-Bit Generator
		4.1 Case-1: (Inputs Are the Same)
		4.2 Case-II: (Inputs Are Different)
	5 The Simulation of 4-Bit Generator
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of an Efficient QCA-Based Multilayer Multi-Bit Parallel Shift Register Using Reversible Level-Sensitive ‘D’ Flip-Flop
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Review of Related Work
	4 Proposed ‘D’ Flip-Flop
	5 Proposed PIPO Shift Register
	6 Conclusion
	References
A 12-bit Low-power 50MS/s SAR ADC Optimized for Speed and Power in 45 nm CMOS Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 SAR ADC Key Building Blocks
		3.1 Sample and Hold Circuit
		3.2 Comparator Circuit
		3.3 SAR Control Logic Circuit
		3.4 Charge Redistribution DAC
		3.5 Switch Design
	4 Integration of 12bit SAR ADC
	5 Conclusion
	References
Decision Tree-Based Classification of sEMG and Accelerometer Data of Sign Language
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Database Description
		3.2 Experimentation
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Classification Report
		4.2 Confusion Matrix
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Bibliometric Analysis of Published Literature on Mobile Healthcare in the Past One Decade
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Objective
	4 Methodology
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Shetkari Mitra App—An Application to Maximize the Profit of Farmers
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 Literature Summary
	3 System Architecture and Module Description
		3.1 Module Description
		3.2 Algorithms and Smart Methods
		3.3 Backend Configuration
		3.4 Innovative Content
	4 Methodology
	5 Pre-Survey
	6 Summary From the Survey
	7 Mobile Application
		7.1 User Flow
		7.2 Result Analysis and Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	Appendix 1
	Appendix 2
	References
Performance Analysis of Spectrum Sensing Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Simulation Result
	4 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Benefits on Preference for Traditional Detailing
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Objective
	4 Methodology
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Perceptual Difference Between Patient and Physician on Negative Aspects of Social Media Promotion
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology and Data
	4 Result
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Ethicality and Marginalized Group Convenience on Social Media Promotion of Branded Drugs
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
	3 Methodology and Data
	4 Conclusion
	5 Future Scope of Study
	References
Tracking of Maximum Power of Solar PV Array Under Partial Shading Condition Using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 System Modelling
		2.1 Designing of Solar PV System
		2.2 Designing of the Boost Converter
		2.3 Designing of the MPPT Controller
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Yield Prediction of Indian Crops Based on Weather Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Linear Regression
		3.2 Random Forest
		3.3 Support Vector Machine
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Categorization of Diabetic Retinopathy Applying Ensemble Model
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Existing Research Analysis
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Dataset
		2.2 Exploratory Data Analysis
		2.3 Data Preprocessing
		2.4 Data Augmentation
		2.5 Ensemble Model
	3 Results
		3.1 Performance Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Utility of Simulink Subsystems in Handling and Processing of Biomedical Signals and Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 The Enabled Subsystem
		2.2 The Triggered Subsystem
		2.3 The Control Flow Subsystem
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Voiced/Unvoiced Classification Using Triggered Subsystem
		3.2 Root Mean Square (RMS) Amplitude Calculation
		3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
	4 Hypothesis and Limitations
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hum Noise and Breathing Interference Removal from an ECG Signal with Finite Word Length Effects
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Quantization Effect on Hum Noise Removal
		2.2 Quantization Effect on Respiratory Effects Removal
		2.3 Hum Noise Removal Using an Elliptic Filter
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Quantization Effects on Hum Noise Removal
		3.2 Quantization Effects on Hum Noise Removal
	4 Conclusion
	References
Online Affinity of Instructing Methods for Using Personal-Efficacy and Reading Capacious During Covid-19
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Decision Tree
	3 Splitting Point Methods in Decision Tree
		3.1 Variance
		3.2 Information Gain
		3.3 Gini Index
		3.4 Chi-Square
	4 MMDBM Algorithm
		4.1 Evaluation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Reliable Biometric Authentication with Privacy Protection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Observations
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Time Series Analysis of Cryptocurrency: Factors and Its Prospective
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Factors Affecting Cryptocurrency
	5 Algorithms Analysis
		5.1 RNN with LSTM
		5.2 Linear Regression
		5.3 Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)
		5.4 ARIMA
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Internet of Things: Communication Protocols, Wireless Technologies, and Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 IoT Protocols
		3.1 The Internet Protocol Version Four (IPv4)
		3.2 Internet Protocol Version Six (IPv6)
		3.3 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
		3.4 Teletype Network
		3.5 Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
		3.6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)
		3.7 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
		3.8 Data Distribution Service (DDS)
		3.9 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
		3.10 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
		3.11 Sockets
		3.12 Representational State Transfer (REST)
		3.13 Application Programming Interface (API)
	4 IoT Wireless Technologies and Applications
		4.1 Wi-Fi
		4.2 Bluetooth
		4.3 Ultra-Wide Band
		4.4 ZigBee
		4.5 Z-wave
		4.6 6LoWPAN
		4.7 Adaptive Network Topology (ANT)
		4.8 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
		4.9 Near-Field Communication (NFC)
		4.10 Powerline Ethernet Communication
	5 Conclusion
	References
Digitization of Inpatient Medical Records Using Electronic Writing Pads in a Teaching Hospital
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Sampling Technique
	4 Study Tool
	5 Study Design
	6 Results
	7 Hardware and Software Costing
	8 Environmental Impact Study
	9 Discussion
	10 Conclusion
	References
Miniaturization of Dual Shaped Monopole Antenna for UWB Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design and Implementation
	3 Finite Element Method (FEM) Analysis
	4 Lumped Circuit Model Analysis
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Improvement of Isolation Between Co-polarization and Cross-polarization Radiation Using Circular Shorting Columns
	1 Introduction
	2 Structural Evolution
	3 Final Structure
	4 Simulated Outcomes from Final Structure
	5 Conclusion
	References
Band Rejection in Wideband Partial Ground Plane Antennas Using Defected Ground Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
		2.1 Parametric Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Triple-Band Polarization Independent C-Band Metamaterial Absorber
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Approach of Absorber
	3 Role of Bandwidth and Thickness in Metamaterial Absorber
	4 Structural Design of Unit Cell of Proposed Meta Surface
	5 Result of Proposed Metasurface
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Study on the Ionospheric Propagation Using GNSS Receiver Over Hill Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Surveys
	3 Data
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Multipath
		4.2 SNR
		4.3 Elevation Mask
		4.4 Satellite Visibility
	5 Results
	6 Discussions and Conclusion
	References
Ka Band Tropospheric Scintillation Estimation Over North East Indian Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Compact Insert Fed Monopole Antenna with Four L-Slot Insertion Design for Wireless Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning Approach for Wind Power Forecasting
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Very Short-Term Wind Power Predictions
		1.2 Short-Term Predictions of Wind Power
		1.3 Medium- and Long-Term Wind Power Predictions
	2 Proposed SVM Based Wind Power Prediction Model
	3 Proposed Deep Learning Method-Based Wind Power Prediction Model
	4 Results and Conclusion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Driver Drowsiness Detection System
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Work
	3 Results Obtained
	4 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement from Photoplethysmography Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Baseline Random Forest Model
		3.4 Blood Glucose Prediction Using 1D-CNN
		3.5 Model Validation
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Scope
	References
Machine Learning Approaches on Intrusion Detection System: A Holistic Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Machine Learning (ML) Concept
		2.2 Classifier
	3 Comparison of Related Work
	4 Various Intrusion Detection System
		4.1 HIDS
		4.2 NIDS
		4.3 HIDS
		4.4 DIDS
	5 Various Intrusion Detection Techniques
		5.1 SIDS
		5.2 AIDS
		5.3 ANN-Based IDS [53]
		5.4 Fuzzy Logic-Based IDS [54]
		5.5 Association-Based IDS [55]
	6 Intrusion Detection Datasets
	7 Feature Selection
		7.1 Filter Methods [27]
		7.2 Wrapper Methods [30]
		7.3 Embedded Methods [30]
	8 Discussion, Future Direction and Conclusion
	References
Human Emotion Prediction Analysis on Post-COVID-19 Crisis in Digital Media Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Extraction
		2.2 Data Preprocessing
		2.3 Word Embeddings
		2.4 Deep Learning Models
	3 Evaluation Metrics
	4 Experimental Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Role of Blockchain for Sustainability and Circular Economy
	1 Blockchain Technology: Introduction
		1.1 Sustainability
		1.2 Role of Blockchain for Sustainability
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Implications for Managers and Blockchain in Business
	3 Circular Economy: Introduction
		3.1 Role of Blockchain Technology in the Circular Economy
		3.2 Implications of Circular Economy and Blockchain on Business
	4 Limitations of Blockchain and Circular Economy
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models to Predict Stock Market Price
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Prediction Method Analysis
		2.2 Machine Learning Methods
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Splitting the Dataset
		3.3 Implementation Details
	4 Test Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hybrid Features-Based Ensembled Residual Convolutional Neural Network for Bird Acoustic Identification
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Methodology
	4 Experimental Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Lung Disease Prediction Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Chest X-ray Data Analysis
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 View Position
	4 Description of Algorithm Used
	5 Methodology
		5.1 Data (Image) Pre-processing Phase
		5.2 Training Phase
		5.3 Classification Phase
	6 Result and Discussion
		6.1 Model Validation and Evaluation
		6.2 Justification
		6.3 Free-Form Visualization
	7 Conclusion
	References
Implementation of Different Classification and Prediction Models on Skin Cancer Using Deep Learning Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Skin Cancer Data Set
	4 Description of Algorithm
		4.1 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Architecture
	5 Methodology
	6 Results and Model Evaluation
	7 Future Scope and Conclusion
	References
Segmentation and Classification of Skin Cancer Using K-means Clustering and EfficientNetB0 Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Framework
		2.1 Dataset
		2.2 ROI Extraction Using K-means Clustering
		2.3 Augmentation of Image
		2.4 Fine-Tuned EfficientNetB0 Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Hyper Parameter Tuning
		3.2 Analysis of Loss and Accuracy on Training and Validation
		3.3 Analysis of Confusion Matrix Parameters
		3.4 Classification Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Assessment of Performances of Various Machine Learning Algorithms in Detection of Liver Ailments
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Classification
		3.3 Implementation
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data/Text Cleaning
		3.2 Split and Train
		3.3 Embedding Layer
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Stun Gun PCB Circuit with Arduino Power Shield
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Design Methodology
	4 Stun Gun Circuit
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study on Tuning PID and FOPID Using Genetic Algorithm for Heart Rate Control of a Pacemaker
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Using Simulink to Obtain Controller Parameters of Conventional Controllers
		2.2 Genetic Algorithm
		2.3 Steps for Tuning PID/FOPID Using GA
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Comparing Error Tracking
		3.2 Comparing Output Plot
	4 Conclusion
	References
Finite Element Method Based Determination of Non-linear Inductances of Three Phase Induction Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Motor Model of Three-Phase Induction Motor
	3 FEM Based Simulation for Determining Non-linear Inductances
		3.1 Synchronous Speed Test on FEM
		3.2 D.C. Test on FEM
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Comparison of RC, RC-PD and RC-PID Controller Architectures in a Servo-Motor System
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of Plant
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Comparing Output Plot
		4.2 Comparing Error Tracking
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effective Tone Control Circuit Using Proteus
	1 Introduction
	2 Block Diagram
	3 Input and Preamplifier Stage
	4 Tone Control Stage
	5 Bass Effect Control Knob
	6 Bass and Treble Effect Control in Tone Control Circuit
	7 Tone Balance Control Circuit
	8 Summary/Conclusion
	References:
Tetra Bot—A Multi-purpose Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Tetra Bot
		2.1 Hardware Components Required
		2.2 Software
		2.3 Construction
	3 Implementation
		3.1 WeMos D1
		3.2 NodeMCU
		3.3 Rain Sensor
		3.4 Ultrasonic Sensor
		3.5 Motor Driver
		3.6 4-Channel Relay Modules
		3.7 Temperature Sensor
		3.8 Operation of Tetra Robot
		3.9 Rain Sensor and Temperature Sensor Working
		3.10 Haar Cascade Image Processing
	4 Result and Discussions
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Getting Started with LPWAN: LoRa, Sigfox and NB-IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 LoRaWAN
		2.1 Network Architecture
		2.2 Security
	3 Sigfox
		3.1 Network Architecture
		3.2 Security
		3.3 Network Architecture
		3.4 Security
	4 Conclusion
	References
Enabling Cognitive Radio in NOMA-Assisted Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Outage Performance Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Performance Analysis of the System
		3.1 User NU Outage Probability
		3.2 User FU Outage Probability
		3.3 Throughput of the System
	4 Numerical Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Intelligent Vehicular Communication-Based Framework to Provide Seamless Connectivity in WBAN
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Problem Description
	4 Proposed Solution
	5 Proposed Scenario
	6 Performance Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Novel RAW Slot Allocation Scheme for Improving the Performance of IEEE 802.11ah Multi-rate IoT Networks
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Performance Anomaly
	2 Related Work
	3 Network Architecture
	4 Throughput Analysis
		4.1 Performance Anomaly-RSA Scheme
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optimal Allocation of Micro-phasor Measurement Units in Distribution Network Considering Security Constraints
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
		2.1 Formulation for Micro-PMU Placement in Distribution Network
		2.2 Optimal Deployment Considering Redundancy in Network
		2.3 Optimal Deployment Considering Single Line Outage/Single M-PMU Loss
		2.4 Performance Check Through Complete Feeder Network Observability
	3 Optimal Allocation of Micro-PMUs with Binary Integer Linear Programming Considering Redundancy in Measurements
	4 Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Home Automation Using Packet Tracer
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Interpretation of Wireless Communication Using OFDM Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Idea
	3 Problem Statement and Related Work
	4 Results
		4.1 BER versus SNR of MIMO-OFDM Scheme
		4.2 Doppler Spectrum
		4.3 AC and STBC
		4.4 Transmit Signal Parameter
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Ergodic Capacity Analysis of RIS-aided System Relying on User Grouping and Fixed Power Allocation
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Ergodic Capacity Analysis
		3.1 Upper-Bound Ergodic Capacity Using Rayleigh Fading Channel
		3.2 Upper-Bound Ergodic Capacity Using Rician Fading Channel
	4 Numerical Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Author Index