Advances in Clinical Immunology, Medical Microbiology, COVID-19, and Big Data-Prelims, Chs 1 and 33 (Current Issues in Medicine Vol 2))

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Corresponding Authors
Note from the Series Editor
Engraving of the Bust of Hippocrates; Papyrus Fragment Showing the Hippocratic Oath; Facade of the Temple of Asclepius
Chapter 1: The Age of COVID-19: Medical Facts and Fiction
	1.1: Emerging Pathogens: A Clear and Present Danger
	1.2: SARS-CoV-2: Structure and Pathogenesis
	1.3: Origin of SARS-CoV-2: A Chinese Lab Leak?
	1.4: Vaccines, Herd Immunity, Transmissibility, and SARS-CoV-2 Variants
	1.5: Vaccine Passports: A Bad Government Idea
	1.6: COVID-19 Testing
	1.7: Convalescent Plasma
	1.8: Looking Back and Moving Forward: Will We Win?
Section 1: Medical Biochemistry and Genomics
	Chapter 2: Role of Engineered Proteins as Therapeutic Formulations
		2.1: Introduction
		2.2: Protein Engineering Approaches
		2.3: Protein Therapeutics
		2.4: Protein-Based Scaffolds for Therapeutic Applications
		2.5: Concluding Remarks
	Chapter 3: How Physical and Chemical Information Predicts the Action of Molecules: A Historical Overview
		3.1: A Definition for Pharmacology and Toxicology
		3.2: Entities Do Not Act Unless Attached
		3.3: The Language of Chemical Attachment
		3.4: Types of Drugs and Their Actions
	Chapter 4: Three-Dimensional Chromatin in Infectious Disease: A Role for Gene Regulation and Pathogenicity?
		4.1: Introduction
		4.2: Conclusions
	Chapter 5: Aptamers, the Nucleic Acid Antibodies, in Cancer Therapy
		5.1: Introduction
		5.2: General Properties of Aptamers
		5.3: Advantages and Limitations of Aptamers
		5.4: Principle and Procedure of SELEX
		5.5: Aptamers in Cancer Therapy
		5.6: Cancer Therapy Aptamers in Clinical Trials
		5.7: Conclusions
	Chapter 6: Identifying Genetic Markers Associated with Susceptibility to Cardiovascular Diseases
		6.1: Methods
		6.2: Diet and CVD Risk
		6.3: Inherited Genetic Susceptibility
		6.4: Pharmacogenetics and Future Potential
		6.5: Conclusion
		6.6: Future Perspective
	Chapter 7: Production and Application of Multicistronic Constructs for Various Human Disease Therapies
		7.1: Introduction
		7.2: IRES
		7.3: Self-Cleaving 2A Peptides
		7.4: Multicistronic Vectors for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapy
		7.5: Multicistronic Vectors for Metabolic Disease Therapy
		7.6: Multicistronic Vectors for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
		7.7: Multicistronic Vectors for Cardiovascular Disease Therapy
		7.8: Multicistronic Vectors for Cancer Therapy
		7.9: Multicistronic Vectors for the Prevention of Viral and Bacterial Infections
		7.10: Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	Chapter 8: The Nuclear Lamina: Protein Accumulation and Disease
		8.1: Introduction
		8.2: Basic Structure and Function of the Nuclear Lamina
		8.3: Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome: A Protein Accumulation Disease of the Nuclear Lamina?
		8.4: Lamina-Associated Protein Accumulation in Neurodegenerative Disease
		8.5: Mechanisms of Protein Clearance from the Lamina
		8.6: Autophagy and Nucleophagy-Mediated Clearance of Lamina Proteins
		8.7: Mechanisms Marking Proteins for Removal from the Lamina
		8.8: Promoting Lamina Protein Clearance
		8.9: Concluding Remarks
	Chapter 9: The Importance of Protein Post-Translational Modifications in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases
		9.1: Introduction
		9.2: Methods
		9.3: Results
		9.4: Discussion
	Chapter 10: DNA Damage/Repair Management in Cancers
		10.1: Introduction
		10.2: Types of DNA Damage
		10.3: DNA Damage Response
		10.4: Components of the DNA Damage Response
		10.5: DDR and Disease Treatment
		10.6: DNA Repair Pathways
		10.7: Cell Cycle as a Checkpoint in DNA Damage
		10.8: Effects of Chemotherapy or Radiation in Cancer Treatments
		10.9: Potential Biomarkers of Chromosomal Abnormalities
		10.10: Clonal Evolution in Cancer
		10.11: Conclusions
	Chapter 11: Advancing Clinical Cohort Selection with Genomics Analysis on a Distributed Platform
		11.1: Introduction
		11.2: Materials and Methods
		11.3: Results
		11.4: Discussion
		11.5: Conclusion
	Chapter 12: Pharmacogenomics of Tamoxifen
		12.1: What Is Tamoxifen?
		12.2: Why Is Pharmacogenomics of Tamoxifen Important?
		12.3: The Controversy in the Tamoxifen-CYP2D6 Study
		12.4: Future Direction of Tamoxifen Pharmacogenomics
	Chapter 13: Nanocrystals: The Universal Formulation Principle to Improve the Bioactivity of Poorly Soluble Actives
		13.1: Introduction
		13.2: First Generation of Drug Nanocrystals
		13.3: SmartCrystals: Advantages of the Second Generation
		13.4: Conclusion and Perspectives
	Chapter 14: Cellular Mechanisms of Human Atherogenesis: Focus on Chronification of Inflammation and Mitochondrial Mutations
		14.1: Introduction
		14.2: Cellular Mechanisms of Atherogenesis
		14.3: Variants of the Nuclear Genome Associated with Atherosclerosis
		14.4: Variants of Mitochondrial Genome Associated with Atherosclerosis
		14.5: Role of Mitochondrial Mutations in Cellular Mechanism of Atherosclerosis; Chronification of Inflammtion
		14.6: Conclusions
	Chapter 15: Vitamin D Pathway and the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
		15.1: Introduction
		15.2: Results
		15.3: Discussion
		15.4: Materials and Methods
	Chapter 16: The Structural Ensemble of the Conjugative F-like T4SS
		16.1: Introduction
		16.2: Regulation of Bacterial Conjugation
		16.3: Structures Involved in Pilin Processing, Pilus Extension, and Retraction
		16.4: Mating Pair Stabilization Proteins and the Dynamics of Their Structural Ensemble
		16.5: The Structures of Conjugative DNA Transfer Proteins
		16.6: Surface and Entry Exclusion Proteins
		16.7: Conclusions
	Chapter 17: Polygenic Risk-Tailored Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Benefit–Harm and Cost-Effectiveness Modelling Study
		17.1: Introduction
		17.2: Methods
		17.3: Results
		17.4: Discussion
		17.5: Conclusion
	Chapter 18: Apoptotic Bodies: Particular Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Intercellular Communication
		18.1: Introduction
		18.2: Apoptosis
		18.3: Extracellular Vesicles, Other than Apoptotic Bodies
		18.4: Apoptotic Bodies
		18.5: Conclusions
Section 2: Human Physiology  and Pathology
	Chapter 19: Circulating Tumor Cells and Personalized Medicine
		19.1: Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cells
		19.2: Enrichment and Detection of CTCs
		19.3: Clinical Implications of CTC Detection and Enumeration
		19.4: Molecular Characterization of CTC and Personalized Medicine
		19.5: Summary
	Chapter 20: Pathology in the Era of Personalized Medicine
		20.1: Why Is the Role of Pathologists in Personalized Medicine Important?
		20.2: Practical Guidance for Molecular Pathology
		20.3: Next-Generation Sequencing and the Pathologist
		20.4: Conclusions
	Chapter 21: Speech Intelligibility during Clinical and Low Frequency
		21.1: Introduction
		21.2: Methods
		21.3: Results
		21.4: Discussion
	Chapter 22: Physiological Renormalization Using Systems Therapeutics
	Chapter 23: Pathology Is Always Around Us: Apophenia in Pathology, a Remarkable Unreported Phenomenon
	Chapter 24: The Secrets of the Mediterranean Diet. Does [Only] Olive Oil Matter?
		24.1: Introduction
		24.2: Definition and Composition of Mediterranean Diet
		24.3: Mediterranean Diet and Diet Diversity
		24.4: Mediterranean Diet Contribution to Immunomodulation
		24.5: Summary
	Chapter 25: Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Healthy Aging
		25.1: Introduction
		25.2: Interplay between Aging and Microbiota
		25.3: The Influence of Nutrition on the Microbiota and Aging
		25.4: Conclusions
	Chapter 26: Does Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Induce Inflammation? If So, Does It Mater? Current Insights and Future Perspectives for Novel Therapies
		26.1: Background
		26.2: Cross-Talk between Dyslipidemia and Immunity
		26.3: Inflammatory Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis
		26.4: Lipid-Lowering Treatment and Anti-Inflammation: Is There a Causal Relationship?
		26.5: Inflammation as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic CV Disease: Insights from Recent Clinical Trials
		26.6: (Cholesterol-Induced) Inflammation, Diseases Other Than Atherosclerosis, and Effects of Cholesterol Lowering by Statins
		26.7: Residual Inflammatory Risk versus Residual Cholesterol Risk: No More Coin Flipping
		26.8: Discussion
		26.9: Conclusions
	Chapter 27: Role of Biomarkers in Clinical Development of Cancer Therapies
		27.1: Introduction
		27.2: A Few Definitions and General Concepts
		27.3: Role of Biomarkers in the Different Stages of Drug Development
		27.4: Conclusions and Future Directions
	Chapter 28: In Sickness and Health: Effects of Gut Microbial Metabolites on Human Physiology
		28.1: The Impact of Gut Bacterial Metabolites on Host Physiology
		28.2: Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics by Gut Microbes
		28.3: A Way Forward in the Search for Beter Therapeutics
	Chapter 29: Current Methodologies Utilized in the Conduct of Randomized Clinical Trials
		29.1: Utilization of Control
		29.2: Placebo Control
		29.3: Sham Procedures
		29.4: Randomization
		29.5: Methods of Randomization
		29.6: Conclusion and Future Perspective
	Chapter 30: The Prion-Like Phenomenon in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence of Pathology Transmission in Humans
		30.1: Prion Propagation: A Common Mechanism among Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies
		30.2: Prion-Like Propagation of Aβ Pathology
		30.3: Evidence of Protein Misfolding Transmission in Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
		30.4: Human-to-Human Transmission of Aβ Amyloidosis
		30.5: AD Transmission Risk and Public Health Implications
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index