Advances in Animal Science and Zoology

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
The Cingulata Order Cytogenetics
	Abstract
	A History of the Cytogenetic of the Cingulata
	Cytogenetic of the Family Dasypodidae
	Cytogenetic of the Genus Cabassous  and Its Peculiarities
	Cytogenetics Evolutions Inferences
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2
The Moroccan Locust Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg): Biology, Economic Impact and Control
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Geographic Distribution
	3. Economic Importance
	4. Historic Background
	5. Biology and Behavior
		5.1. Embryonic Development
		5.2. Post-Embryonic Development and Behavior
		5.3. Gregarious Behavior and Phase Transformation
		5.4. Environmental Conditions and Outbreaks
	6. Antennal Morphology
	7. Management
		7.1. Biological Control
		7.2. Chemical Control
		7.3. Biorational Control with Semiochemicals
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
	Biographical Sketches
Chapter 3
Males’ Mating Choices and Guarding Behaviours in the Gregarious Desert Locust Schistocerca Gregaria
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
		Insects
	Male Mating Choice Behaviour
	Male Guarding Period
	Statistical Analyses
	Results
		Approaches and Mating Attempts Analyses
	Male Mating Choice and Weight Influence
	Male Guarding Behaviour
	Discussion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 4
Ambrosia and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as New Model Organisms for Wolbachia Study
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Scolytinae: Bark and Ambrosia Beetles
	3. Wolbachia Research in Scolytinae
		3.1. Haplodiploidy and Wolbachia Infection in Scolytine Beetles
		3.2. Host Behavior and Wolbachia in Scolytine Beetles
		3.3. Phylogeny and Multiple Infections of Wolbachia in  Scolytine Beetles
		3.4. Possible lateral Gene Transfer from Wolbachia to the Beetle
	Conclusion
	Appendix 1
		Estimation of Wolbachia Infection Rate in Whole Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles
	References
Chapter 5
Current Methods of Gypsy Moth Control and Perspectives of Using DNA Insecticides Topically  and Through Feeding
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Gypsy Moth as a Leaf-Eating Insect
	3. Gypsy Moth Management
		3.1. Chemical Means of Control
		3.2. Biological Means of Control
		3.3. DNA Insecticides
			3.3.1. Recent Results on Topical Application of DNA Insecticides Based on LdMNPV IAP-3 Gene Fragments
			3.3.2. First Report on Insecticidal Activity from 20-Nucleotides-Long Antisense Fragment of LdMNPV IAP-2 Gene Through Feeding
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6
Reproductive Aspects of  the Six-Banded Armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758)
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. The Male
		2.1. External and Internal Anatomy of the Reproductive System
		2.2. Cytological Aspects of the Seminiferous Epithelium
			Sertoli Cells
			Spermatogonia
			Spermatocytes
			Spermiogenesis
			Sperm Ultrastructure and Morphometry
		2.3. Sexual Maturity and Reproductive Behavior of Six-Banded Armadillo Male
		2.4. Biotechnology of Reproduction in Six-Banded  Armadillo Male
			Semen Collection
			Semen Characteristics
			Semen Conservation
	3. The Female
		3.1. External and Internal Anatomy of the Reproductive System
		3.2. Estrus Cycle
		3.3. Mating
		3.4. Gestation
	4. General Considerations
	References
	Biographical Sketch
Chapter 7
Anatomical Description of  Eight Internal Plastinated Organs  of Bottlenose Dolphin  (Tursiops Truncatus)
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Material and Method
	Dehydration
	Impregnation
	Drying
	Description
	Tongue
	Heart
	Lung
	Liver
	Spleen
	Stomach
	Kidneys
	The Female Reproductive Tract
	Discussion
	References
Chapter 8
Understanding Bottlenose Dolphins’ (Tursiops truncatus) Alliances in Northern Veracruz, Mexico
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Material and Methods
		2.1. Study Area
		2.2. Data Collection and Analyzes
	3. Results
	4. Discussion
	References
Chapter 9
Ecology of Mollusc Communities  in Marine Environments:  Central Region of the  Semiarid Coast of Brazil
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. The Coast of Ceará, Semiarid Region of Brazil
	3. Mollusc Ecology in Marine Habitats of  the Coast of Ceará
		3.1. Estuarine Environments
		3.2. Sandy Beaches
		3.3. Rocky Environments
		3.4. Algae Banks
		3.5. Seagrass Meadows
	Continental Shelf
	Final Considerations
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 10
Specific Nematodes Parasites  of Ostriches and Rhea
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Ostrich Nematodes
		2.1. Libyostrongylus
			2.1.1. Distribution
			2.1.2. Morphology and Life Cycle
			2.1.3. Pathology
			2.1.4. Diagnosis and Treatment
		2.2. Codiostomum
			2.2.1. Distribution
			2.2.2. Morphology and Life Cycle
			2.2.3. Pathology
			2.2.4. Diagnosis and Treatment
	3. Rhea Nematodes
		3.1. Sicarius
			3.1.1. Distribution
			3.1.2. Morphology and Life Cycle
			3.1.3. Pathology
			3.1.4. Diagnosis and Treatment
		3.2. Deletrocephalus
			3.2.1. Distribution
			3.2.2. Morphology and Life Cycle
			3.2.3. Pathology
			3.2.4. Diagnosis and Treatment
		3.3. Paradeletrocephalus minor
			3.3.1. Distribution
			3.3.2. Morphology and Life Cycle
			3.3.3. Pathology
			3.3.4. Diagnosis and Treatment
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Index
Blank Page