Advances in Algal Cell Biology

Advances in Algal Cell Biology......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
List of contributing authors......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
Phaeophyceae......Page 14
Hairs......Page 15
Rhodophyta......Page 16
Chlorophyta......Page 17
Perforation formation in plants......Page 18
Phaeophyceae......Page 19
Root cap cells and root epidermis......Page 20
Rhodophyta......Page 21
Plants and leaf senescence and abscission......Page 22
Algal systems......Page 23
Conclusions and future prospects......Page 24
References......Page 25
The evolution of plastids......Page 32
Plastid genome content......Page 34
A non-cyanobacterial RuBisCO operon in red algae......Page 35
‘Chimeric’ origins of the menaquinone/phylloquinone biosynthesis gene cluster......Page 36
Taxonomic treatment of primary plastid-bearing eukaryotes......Page 38
How many times did primary plastids arise?......Page 39
The ‘cyanelle’ of glaucophytes retains ancestral features but is not an ancient plastid......Page 41
Do rare gene replacements support the single origin of primary plastid-bearing eukaryotes?......Page 42
Plastid-to-nucleus gene transfer and its implications......Page 43
Heterogeneous origins of nuclear-encoded organelle-targeted proteins......Page 44
Extant cyanobacteria and the plastid ancestor......Page 45
The phagotrophic ancestry of algae......Page 46
Is the eukaryotic tree of life really a tree?......Page 47
References......Page 48
Evolutionary and ecological considerations......Page 54
Ecology......Page 55
Cell walls......Page 58
Storage products......Page 62
Cellular morphology......Page 63
Motility and excretion of organic material......Page 65
Excretion of organic material......Page 66
Mechanical characteristics of the three morphotypes......Page 67
Cellular plasticity......Page 68
Cellular pleiomorphy......Page 69
Light and temperature......Page 71
Transformation into oval morphotype......Page 72
Transformation into fusiform and triradiate morphotypes......Page 79
Discussion......Page 80
Conclusion......Page 82
References......Page 83
Gigartinales......Page 92
Vibrational spectroscopy......Page 93
Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Gymnogongrus crenulatus (Phyllophoraceae)......Page 94
Chondracanthus teedei and C. teedei var. lusitanicus (Gigartinaceae)......Page 95
Gigartina pistillata (Gigartinaceae)......Page 102
Cytochemical aspects......Page 105
Cellular localization and characterization of cellulose and carrageenan polymers......Page 109
EDX microanalysis......Page 110
Conclusions......Page 111
References......Page 112
Introduction......Page 116
Identifi cation of putative vacuolar sorting receptors in protists......Page 118
Evolution of vacuolar sorting receptors in algae......Page 124
Structure of putative VSRs from Protists......Page 126
Origin of plant-type VSRs......Page 127
Evolution of plant-type VSRs in chlorophytes and chromalveolates......Page 129
References......Page 130
Occurrence of contractile vacuoles......Page 134
Paramecium......Page 135
Dictyostelium discoideum......Page 137
Trypanosoma cruzi......Page 139
Mesostigma viride......Page 141
Scherffelia dubia......Page 143
Chlamydomonas......Page 144
Similarities, dissimilarities, general properties, evolutionary aspects......Page 145
References......Page 147
Introduction......Page 154
Cytoskeleton of brown algae and its role in cytokinesis and cell wall morphogenesis......Page 155
Recent advances on the study of the cytokinesis of brown algae......Page 157
Determination of the cytokinetic plane during cell division: The role of centrosome......Page 162
Deposition of cell wall materials during cytokinesis......Page 163
Plasmodesmata formation......Page 165
References......Page 166
Introduction......Page 172
Data evaluation......Page 173
The process of spermatozoid release......Page 174
LatB, Oryzalin and BDM effects on release, activation, and motility......Page 176
Effects of LatB, Oryzalin and BDM on the dynamics of spermatozoid release by the antheridial filaments......Page 179
LatB, Oryzalin and BDM effects on the relaxation of released spermatozoids......Page 180
Implications of results......Page 182
References......Page 185
Mechanisms of circadian-controlled establishment and down regulation of bioluminescence in dinoflagellates......Page 188
Involvement and mechanism of the cytoskeleton in organelle movement......Page 189
Cell cultivation and preparation for drug treatments and measurement of bioluminescence......Page 190
Circadian distribution and locations of scintillons and chloroplasts......Page 191
Effects of cytoskeletal drugs on diurnal scintillon and chloroplast translocations......Page 192
Diurnal chloroplast movement......Page 195
Effects of cytoskeletal drugs on chloroplast movements......Page 196
Interpretation of cytoskeletal drug effects on scintillon and chloroplast movements......Page 198
References......Page 199
The bioluminescent system of Pyrocystis lunula......Page 202
Calcium......Page 203
Protein kinase C......Page 204
Calcium ionophores, calcium channel blockers, competing ions and calcium chelators......Page 205
Calcium modulating drugs......Page 206
Effects of G-protein and protein kinase C modulators......Page 209
Use of heavy metals and spontaneous bioluminescent flash responses to elucidate regulation and signal transduction of the mechanical stimulus in Pyrocystis lunula......Page 210
Can the biosynthetic origin of Pyrocystis lunula luciferin be unraveled using a herbicide that interferes with the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway?......Page 213
References......Page 216
Index......Page 222