Advances in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration: Select Proceedings of RAAR 2019

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Modelling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Thermal Cooling System Using Different Types of Nanofluids
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modelling
		2.1 Computational Domain
		2.2 Governing Equations
		2.3 Boundary Conditions
		2.4 Nanofluids Thermo-Physical Property Models
		2.5 Validation of Theoretical Results
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Prospect of a Fully Solar Energy-Driven Compact Cold Store for Low Income Farming Communities
	1 Introduction
	2 The Technology of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
	3 Cost Comparison with Solar PV and Grid Operation
	References
Enhancement of Cooling Rate Using Biodegradable MgO Nanoparticles During a Cryopreservation Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical Model
		2.1 Governing Equations
	3 Numerical Method Formulation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Studies on Performance Improvement of an R744 Transcritical Refrigeration System Using Dedicated Mechanical Subcooling
	1 Introduction
	2 Cycles Considered in Present Analysis
	3 Mathematical Modeling
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance of Cycle with Dedicated Mechanical Subcooling Compared to Conventional Cycle and Cycle with IHX
		4.2 Optimum Intermediate Pressure and Degree of Subcooling for Cycle with Dedicated Mechanical Subcooling
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Investigation of Parabolic Trough-Type Solar Collector Integrated with Storage Tank Under the Northern Indian Climatic Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup Description and Procedure
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Measuring Instruments and Devices
		2.3 PTC System Operation
		2.4 Testing Procedure
		2.5 Parametric Performance
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Simulation of an Inertance Pulse Tube Refrigerator Using a Mixture of Refrigerant
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Analysis
		2.1 Computational Domain
		2.2 Numerical Methodology
		2.3 Validation of the Model
		2.4 Grid Independence Test
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Structural and Thermal Analysis of Cold-Head Cylinder of a GM Cryocooler
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Analysis
		2.1 Computational Domain
		2.2 Numerical Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Results for the Case-1 Cylinder
		3.2 Results for the Case 2 Cylinder
		3.3 Results for the Case 3 Cylinder
		3.4 Results for the Case 4 Cylinder
	4 Conclusion
	References
CFD Analysis to Envisage the Fluid Flow Inside a Turboexpander Operating at Cryogenic Temperature
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Computational Domain and Numerical Methodology
		1.2 Results and Discussion
	2 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Thermal Efficiency of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using Twisted Tape
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Set-up and Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Performance Enhancement of Domestic Refrigeration System Using R-134a Refrigerant Blended with Graphene as Nano Additives
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Approaches
		2.1 Refrigerant Properties
		2.2 Preparation Method of Nano Refrigerant
		2.3 Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluid
		2.4 Zeta Potential Analysis Techniques
		2.5 Experimental Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Effect on Coefficient of Performance (COP)
		3.2 Effect on Suction and Discharge Temperatures of Compressor
		3.3 Effect on Suction and Discharge Pressure
		3.4 Effect on Compression Ratio
		3.5 Effect on Isentropic Efficiency and Volumetric Efficiency
	4 Conclusion
	References
Capillary Tube Flow Characterization of a Transcritical CO2 Cycle Using Separated Two-Phase Flow Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of Capillary Tube
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Study of the Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on the Profitability of a Single-Slope Solar Still: Application in Southeast of Algeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methodology
		2.1 Solar Still Description
		2.2 Principe of Operation
	3 Preparation of Al2O3 Nanoparticles
	4 Characterization of Al2O3
		4.1 Infrared Characterization
		4.2 Morphological Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
		4.3 Characterization by Adsorption/Desorption
	5 Method and Experiment
		5.1 The Geographic Coordinates and Climatic Conditions
		5.2 Meteorological Conditions of the Experiments
	6 Results and Discussion
		6.1 The Variation of the Solar Radiation and the Atmospheric Temperature
		6.2 The Variation of the Basin Salt Water Temperatures
		6.3 The Variation of the Internal and the External Glass Temperatures
		6.4 The Variation of the Hourly Fresh Water Productivity
	7 Conclusions
	References
Heat Transfer in Triple-Concentric-Pipe Heat Exchanger: With/Without Corrugations
	1 Introduction
	2 Setup for Experimentation
		2.1 Experimental Findings and Discussions
		2.2 Temperature Variations (C-H-N Configuration)
		2.3 Temperature Variation (N-H-C Configuration)
		2.4 Temperature Variation (N-H-C Configuration)
		2.5 Effectiveness of Heat Exchanger for Different Flow Arrangements
	3 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Analysis on Home-Made Thermal Insulating Material
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 Test for Thermal Conductivity
		2.2 Test Under High Temperature Oxyacetylene Flame
		2.3 Test for Dielectric Permittivity
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Test for Thermal Conductivity
		3.2 Test Under High Temperature Oxyacetylene Flame
		3.3 Test for Dielectric Permittivity
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study of Positioning of Air Conditioner in a Room Using CFD
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
	3 Geometry and Mesh Generation
	4 Boundary Conditions
	5 Solution Process and Convergence Criterion
	6 Results and Analysis
		6.1 Mesh Independency Check
		6.2 Qualitative Analysis
		6.3 Quantitative Analysis
	7 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Study on an Inclined Pyramid-Type Single Basin Solar Pond for Water Distillation
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Experimental Set-up
		2.2 Experimental Procedure
		2.3 Design of Pyramid-Type Solar Pond
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Desalination Output
		3.2 Component Temperature of Solar Pond for Desalination
		3.3 Mud Water Purification Output
		3.4 Component Temperature of Solar Pond for Purification of Mud Water
	4 Conclusion
	References
Development of Indigenous Technology for Large Cooling Capacity GM Cryorefrigerator for Application to High Tc Superconducting Magnets—Prospects and Problems
	1 Introduction
	2 The Technology
	3 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Investigation of a Shell and Coil Tube Heat Exchanger used in Solar Domestic Hot Water System
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective
	3 Numerical Simulation
		3.1 Mathematical Modelling
		3.2 Numerical Computation
		3.3 Verification and Validation of the Model
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Effect of Inner Dean Number on Thermal Performance of the SCTHE
		4.2 Effect of Outer Dean Number on Thermal Performance of the SCTHE
		4.3 Effect of Variation of Inlet Temperature of the Tube-Side Fluid on the Thermal Performance of the SCTHE
	5 Conclusion
	References
Exergetic Study of a Three-Fluid Heat Exchanger used in Solar Flat Plate Collector System
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Method
		2.1 Experimental Procedure
		2.2 Uncertainty in Experimental Data
	3 Exergy Analysis
		3.1 Exergy Loss, E
		3.2 Dimensionless Exergy Loss, E
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Effect of Hot Water Mass Flow Rate on Exergetic Performance of the TFHE
		4.2 Effect of Normal Water Mass Flow Rate on Exergetic Performance of the TFHE
		4.3 Effect of Air Mass Flow Rate on Exergetic Performance of the TFHE
		4.4 Effect of Hot Water Inlet Temperature on Exergetic Performance of the TFHE
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Energetic and Exergetic Analyses of a Cascade Refrigeration System Pairing R744 with R134a, R717, R1234yf, R600, R1234ze, R290
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description and Modeling
		2.1 Thermodynamic Modeling
		2.2 Exergy Balance
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Effect on COP Due to Change in Different Operating Parameters
		3.2 Effect on ECOP Due to Change in Different Operating Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	5 Future Scope
	References
Modeling of Frosting on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger of a Domestic Refrigerator
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometry and Mathematical Modeling
		2.1 Geometry of Heat Exchanger
		2.2 Air Model
		2.3 Frost Growth and Densification Model
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Analysis of Glauber Salt-Based Solar Energy Systems for Heating Cooling and Air Conditioning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Experimental Setup
	4 Mathematical Modeling
		4.1 Single-Phase Mass Conservation Equation
		4.2 Single-Phase Momentum Conservation
		4.3 Energy Conservation
		4.4 Boundary Conditions Considered at the Faces of the Numerical Domain
	5 Numerical Modeling [18]
		5.1 Calculation of Average Room Temperature
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Energy-Efficient Building
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Building Energy Assessment
		3.1 Factors Affecting the Energy Use of a Building
		3.2 Influence of Building Shape and Geometrical Location on the Energy Optimization of Buildings
	4 Passive Systems
		4.1 Passive Cooling
	5 Glazing
		5.1 Glazing Types [22]
	6 Optimization
	7 Recent Advancement in Energy Efficient Building
	8 Conclusion
	References
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Vapour Absorption Cooling System Driven by Exhaust Heat of IC Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of Vapour Absorption Cooling System Driven by Exhaust Heat of IC Engine
	3 Thermodynamic Modelling of Vapour Absorption Cooling System Powered by Exhaust Heat of IC Engine
	4 Results
		4.1 Energy and Exergy Analysis Results
		4.2 Influence of Generator Temperature
	5 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Estimation of Wall Temperature in a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Using Supercritical CO2 as Heat Transfer Fluid for Process Heat Production
	1 Introduction
	2 Thermal Modelling of the Collector
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of s-CO2 mass Flow Rate
		3.2 Effect of s-CO2 Fluid Inlet Temperature
	4 Conclusions
	References
Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance of Various Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Replace R410A
	1 Introduction
	2 Refrigerant Selection
	3 Numerical Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Thermal Characteristics of Lightweight Concrete for Energy-Efficient Buildings
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Configuration of Concrete Wall
		3.2 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Transmittance and Admittance of Concrete Wall
		4.2 Decrement Factor of Concrete Wall
		4.3 Decrement Factor of Concrete Over Various Wall Thicknesses
		4.4 Time Lag of Concrete Wall
		4.5 Time Lag of Concrete Over Various Wall Thicknesses
		4.6 Thermal Capacity of Homogenous Concrete Over the Various Thicknesses
	5 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Study of the Temperature Distribution Inside an Indirect Solar Dryer Chamber
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 Drying Chambers
		2.2 Flat Solar Collector
		2.3 Fan Supply Air
	3 Experimental Study
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Ambient Temperature
		4.2 Solar Collector Temperature
		4.3 Drying Chamber Temperature
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analytical Computation of Thermodynamic Performance of Various New Eco-friendly Alternative Refrigerants Applicable for Air Conditioners
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Establishment of Eco-friendly R22 Alternatives
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Thermodynamic Analysis of Air Conditioner with Alternative Refrigerants
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Coefficient of Performance
		4.2 Discharge Temperature of Compressor
		4.3 Compressor Power
		4.4 Volumetric Refrigeration Capacity
	5 Conclusions
	References
Performance Assessment of a Solar Still Using Blackened Surface
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 System Description and Experimental Investigation
		3.1 Result and Discussion
		3.2 Measurement Error
		3.3 Comparison of productivity of different solar still
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Solar Air Heater Having Hemispherical Fins on Absorber Plates
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Study
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Ambient Temperature
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Study on Dual Cycle Based on VCR-VAR System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System
	2 Compression-Absorption Refrigeration Systems
	3 Conclusion
	References
Heat and Mass Transfer-Enhancement Technique Used for Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Absorption Refrigeration System Technology
		1.2 Working Fluids
		1.3 Absorber
		1.4 Falling Film Absorber
		1.5 Spray Absorber
		1.6 Bubble Absorber
		1.7 Membrane Absorber
		1.8 Enhancement Technique
		1.9 Nano-Particles in Working Fluids
	2 Conclusions
	References
Heat Transfer Analysis of Clay Pot Refrigerator Adopting Curvature Effect
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of Clay Pot Refrigerator
		2.1 Parabolic Model
		2.2 Assumed Input Parameters
		2.3 Conversion of Curved Pot into Equivalent Cylindrical Pot
		2.4 Validation of Model
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Comparison of Cylindrical and Parabolic Model with Same Surface Area
		3.2 Effective Heat Transfer Per Unit Surface Area
		3.3 Parametric Variation
		3.4 Ambient Temperature Constant (T∞)
		3.5 Ambient Relative Humidity Constant (ϕ∞)
	4 Conclusions
	References
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer in Liquid-Cooled Heat Sink for Different Microchannel Flow Field Configuration
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 3-D Conjugate Heat Transfer Modeling in Microchannel Heat Sink
		2.2 Boundary Condition
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Temperature Contour
		3.2 Model Validation
		3.3 Overall Thermal Resistance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Speed of Condenser Fan Motor on Vapor Compression Refrigeration System
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
	3 Procedure of Testing the Performance
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Effect on Compressor Inlet and Exit Temperature
		4.2 Effect on Condenser Exit Temperature
		4.3 Temperature After Isenthalpic Expansion
		4.4 Effect on Compressor Work
		4.5 Effect on COP
		4.6 Comparison on p–h Chart
	5 Conclusion
	References
Scope of Using Photovoltaic Cell to Power Electrical Units of Air-Conditioned Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) Coaches Used in Indian Railways
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrical Supply in AC LHB Coaches
		2.1 End on Generation (EOG) System
		2.2 Head on Generation System
		2.3 Electric Supply Inside AC LHB Coach
	3 Scope of Using Photovoltaic Cell to Power Electrical Units of AC LHB Coaches
	4 Comparison for Better Alternative of EOG: Solar Cell or HOG System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Thermoelectric Systems for Sustainable Refrigeration
	1 Introduction
	2 Working Principle
	3 Thermoelectric Materials
	4 Thermoelectric Generator and Refrigerator
		4.1 Thermoelectric Generator
		4.2 Thermal Resistance
		4.3 Portable Thermoelectric Cooler
		4.4 Integrating the Phase Change Material with Hybrid System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Waste Heat Recovery from Walls of the Combustion Chamber of a New Portable Jaggery Plant to Dry Bagasse
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Experimentation
	3 Numerical Analysis
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References