Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery

Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of contributors......Page 12
Part I: Advances......Page 13
Contents......Page 14
Abstract......Page 15
Introduction......Page 16
Natural resistance of migrating malignant glioma cells to apoptosis (radiotherapy and chemotherapy)......Page 17
Patterns of cell death......Page 19
Autophagy: a potential Trojan horse for malignant gliomas......Page 22
Therapeutic benefits of temozlomide......Page 24
Local therapies for glioblastomas......Page 26
Ongoing clinical trials for glioblastomas......Page 27
PI3K=Akt, mTOR and NF-jB inhibitors......Page 28
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors (MMPI)......Page 29
Angiogenesis targeting......Page 30
Reducing malignant glioma cell motility in order to restore pro-apoptotic drug sensitivity......Page 31
The sodium pump constitutes a new target to combat malignant gliomas......Page 32
The sodium pump......Page 33
The sodium pump is involved in cancer cell proliferation, migration and death......Page 35
Brain tumor stem cells a potential target to combat malignant glioma......Page 37
Conclusions......Page 38
References......Page 39
Abstract......Page 47
Introduction......Page 48
History of deep brain stimulation......Page 49
Principles of DBS......Page 50
Neurobiology of depression......Page 51
Neurobiology of OCD......Page 52
Targets in depression......Page 53
Targets in OCD......Page 56
Safety and advantages of DBS......Page 57
Ethical considerations......Page 61
The path towards mandatory standards for DBS in psychiatric disorders......Page 62
Conclusions......Page 63
References......Page 64
Part II: Standards......Page 68
Abstract......Page 69
Introduction......Page 70
Surgical technique......Page 75
Cranial exposure......Page 77
Cervical exposure......Page 78
Saphenous vein exposure......Page 79
Pre auricular tunnel......Page 80
Distal anastamosis......Page 81
External Carotid anastamosis......Page 82
Comparison of outcomes......Page 85
Choosing the type of graft......Page 86
Ischaemic complications......Page 87
References......Page 89
Contents......Page 92
Introduction=Definition......Page 93
Chiari type I-malformation pathophysiology......Page 94
Neuro-imaging......Page 95
Overview of the various technical modalities......Page 97
Personal series......Page 98
Technical description......Page 100
Discussion from literature review......Page 103
Chiari type I malformation without syringomyelia......Page 104
Chiari type I malformation with syringomyelia......Page 107
Conclusion......Page 112
References......Page 113
Abstract......Page 118
Introduction......Page 119
Mechanism of action......Page 122
Randomised controlled trials......Page 127
Prospective clinical trials in children......Page 129
Status epilepticus......Page 130
Other patient groups......Page 131
Perioperative side effects......Page 132
Ramping up and long-term stimulation......Page 133
MRI=3 Tesla MRI......Page 138
Teratogenic effects of VNS......Page 141
Discussion......Page 142
References......Page 144
Contents......Page 154
Abstract......Page 155
A – Embryology......Page 156
2.1 The anterior frontal horn......Page 159
2.2 The body of the frontal horn or central part of the LV......Page 161
2.4 The occipital diverticulum (or occipital horn)......Page 162
4. Choroid plexus and CSF circulation......Page 164
5. Arterial vasculature of the VL......Page 165
5.1 Anterior choroid artery (AChA)......Page 166
6. The veins of the lateral ventricles......Page 167
7.1 Cortical eloquent areas......Page 170
7.2 Distances between cortex and ventricular cavity......Page 171
7.3 Relationships with the cortical sulci......Page 173
7.4 Relationships with white matter fascicles......Page 174
1. General considerations......Page 178
2.1 The transfrontal transventricular approach......Page 180
2.2 The anterior trancallosal approach......Page 183
3. Tumors of the temporal horn......Page 186
4.1 Minor hemisphere: transparietal route......Page 188
4.3 Interhemispheric parasplenial approaches......Page 189
Conclusion......Page 191
References......Page 192
Author index volume 1–34......Page 195
Subject index volume 1–34......Page 207