Advanced Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment: A Road to Safer Society and Environment (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security)

Cover......Page 1
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series......Page 3
Advanced Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment: A Road to Safer Society and Environment......Page 4
ISBN 978-94-007-0279-0 (HB)......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 12
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 14
ADVANCED WATER SUPPLY......Page 22
1. Introduction......Page 24
2. Rainwater Harvesting and Use (RHU)......Page 25
3.2. RESOURCE RECOVERY......Page 29
3.2.2. Energy Recovery......Page 30
3.2.3. Nutrient Recovery......Page 31
References......Page 32
1. Introduction......Page 34
2. Legislation in the Water Management and International Cooperation......Page 35
3.2. GROUND WATER......Page 36
5.1. SURFACE WATER QUALITY......Page 38
5.2. GROUND WATER QUALITY......Page 39
6. Water Resource Protection......Page 40
6.1. PROTECTION OF WATER QUALITY......Page 41
7. Conclusions......Page 42
References......Page 43
1. Introduction......Page 46
3. Analysis of Surface Waters in Chernivetska Oblast......Page 47
4. Analysis of Content of Chemical Elements in Subsoil Waters in Chernivtsi......Page 48
4.2. NONCONFORMITY OF POTABLE WATER QUALITY......Page 49
5. Chernvtsi City Citizens Quality of Life Analysis......Page 50
5.1. MODELLING THE INFLUENCE OF WATER POLLUTION ON HEALTH......Page 54
5.2. MODELLING RESULTS AND THEIR ANALYSIS......Page 55
References......Page 58
1. Introduction......Page 60
2. Břeclavsko – Reconstruction and Construction of the Water Infrastructure within the Dyje River Basin......Page 61
2.1. WATER SUPPLY IN BŘECLAVSKO REGION AND MAIN REASONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUBPROJECT......Page 62
2.2. BASIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SOLUTION......Page 63
3. Třebíčsko – Ensuring the Drinking Water Quality within the Water System of Southwest Moravia......Page 66
References......Page 69
NOM REMOVAL FROM FRESHWATER SUPPLIES BY ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY......Page 70
1. Introduction......Page 71
1.1.1. Coagulation......Page 72
1.1.2. Activated Carbon Filtration......Page 73
1.1.3. Membrane Filtration......Page 74
1.2. AN ALTERNATIVE ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY FOR NOM REMOVAL......Page 75
2.1. RESULTS......Page 77
References......Page 81
ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT......Page 84
THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONALITY ON THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS......Page 86
1. Introduction......Page 87
2.2. EFFICIENCY......Page 88
3. Sample Data Description......Page 90
4.1. EXTENDED AERATION (EA)......Page 91
4.2. ACTIVATED SLUDGE (AS)......Page 93
5. Conclusions......Page 94
References......Page 95
1. Introduction......Page 96
2. Wastewater Management......Page 97
3.1. VACUUM SEWERAGE......Page 98
3.3. PNEUMATIC SEWERAGE......Page 99
4. Stormwater Management......Page 100
4.2. STORMWATER RETENTION......Page 101
4.3. DECENTRALISED RETENTION OF STORMWATER......Page 102
4.4. STORMWATER INFILTRATION......Page 103
5. Wastewater Treatment......Page 104
6. Membrane Treatment Technologies......Page 105
References......Page 106
1. Introduction......Page 108
2. Study Area and Data Collection......Page 109
3. Pollutant Analysis, Numerical Model Calibration and Optimization......Page 112
References......Page 117
1. Introduction......Page 120
2.1. BOILING AND PASTEURIZATION......Page 121
2.1.2. Using Solar Stoves......Page 122
2.1.3. Using Solar Stills......Page 123
3. Photochemical Purification Processes......Page 124
4.1. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 125
4.2. COST OF COMBINED SOLAR PURIFICATION......Page 126
References......Page 127
1. Introduction......Page 128
2. MBR Applications in Large WWTPs......Page 130
2.1. PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN LARGE WWTPS......Page 131
3. Small-Scale Application of MBR Technology......Page 132
4.1. UPGRADING TO HIGHER EFFLUENT STANDARDS......Page 134
5. New Plant Layouts Made Possible......Page 135
6. Nutrient Removal with MBR’s......Page 136
8. Membrane-Like Technology......Page 138
9. Conclusions......Page 139
References......Page 140
Sitology......Page 141
1. Introduction......Page 142
2. Water Price Influence......Page 144
3. The Legislative......Page 145
5. Combined Sewer System......Page 146
6. The System for Design......Page 148
References......Page 151
OZONATION OF TERTIARY TREATED WASTEWATER – A SOLUTION FOR MICRO POLLUTANT REMOVAL?......Page 152
1. Introduction......Page 153
2. Basics of Ozonation......Page 154
3. Technical Realization of Ozonation......Page 157
4.1. PILOT PLANT SETUP......Page 158
4.2.2. Ozone Concentration......Page 160
5. Results for Micropollutants......Page 162
5.2. RESULTS FOR ECOTOXICOLOGY......Page 163
5.3. RESULTS FOR MUTAGENITY......Page 164
References......Page 165
COMPARISON OF TWO TREATMENTS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MICRO-POLLUTANTS: CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE (CAS) FOLLOWED BY ULTRAFILTRATION (UF) VS.
MBRANE BIOREACTOR (MBR)......Page 168
1. Introduction......Page 169
2.1. SYSTEM I (TEL-AVIV/ISRAEL)......Page 170
2.2. SYSTEM II (BERLIN/GERMANY)......Page 171
2.3. SYSTEM III (AACHEN/GERMANY)......Page 172
2.3.1. Analytical Procedures......Page 173
3. Results and Discussion......Page 174
3.1. RESULTS FOR SYSTEM I (TEL-AVIV/ISRAEL)......Page 175
3.2. RESULTS FOR SYSTEM II (BERLIN/GERMANY)......Page 176
3.3. RESULTS FOR SYSTEM III (AACHEN/GERMANY)......Page 178
4.2. SYSTEM II......Page 180
References......Page 181
SLUDGE TANKS OPERATION IN SMALL AND MIDDLE-SIZED WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS......Page 184
2. Waste Water Sludge Production and Disposal in Slovakia......Page 185
4. Design and Operation of Sludge Tanks......Page 187
5. Model Device......Page 188
7. Acknowledgement......Page 190
References......Page 191
USE OF NATURAL MATERIALS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT & IMPROVEMENT OF WATER QUALITY......Page 192
2. Improvement of Water Quality......Page 193
3. The Using Zeolites and Tuff in Present Research......Page 194
5. Result and Discussion......Page 195
6. Experimental Part......Page 198
6.2. BULK DENSITY (G/M3) MEASUREMENT......Page 199
References......Page 200
FEASIBILITY STUDIES FOR WATER REUSE PROJECTS: ECONOMIC VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS......Page 202
1. Introduction......Page 203
2.1. INTERNAL BENEFIT......Page 204
2.2. EXTERNAL BENEFIT......Page 205
4. Results......Page 207
6. Acknowledgement......Page 210
References......Page 211
CASE STUDIES OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT......Page 212
1. Background......Page 214
2. Rainfall......Page 215
3. Surface Water......Page 216
4. Groundwater Resources......Page 217
5. Wastewater......Page 218
6. Water Supply Demand......Page 219
References......Page 220
1. Introduction......Page 222
2.1. WATER INTAKES AND WASTEWATER DISCHARGES......Page 223
2.2. ANOTHER THREATENING ACTIVITIES......Page 226
3. Analysis of Anthropogenic Load on River Siret......Page 227
References......Page 230
1. Introduction......Page 232
2. Objects and Methods......Page 233
3.1. GROUND WATER POLLUTION LEVEL......Page 234
3.2. HYDROGEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES IN WWTF IMPACT ZONE......Page 235
3.3. DYNAMICS OF GROUND WATER POLLUTION......Page 236
4. Conclusion......Page 237
References......Page 238
SUSTAINABLE USE OF WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE IN JORDAN; RESIDUES OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, A REVIEW......Page 240
1. Introduction......Page 241
2. Results and Discussion......Page 242
2.1. WASTEWATER......Page 243
2.2. SEWAGE SLUDGE......Page 244
3. Conclusion......Page 245
References......Page 246
REFLECTIONS OVER THE WATER CYCLE IMPACT ON THE PEACE PROCESS IN THE MIDDLE EAST......Page 248
1. Introduction......Page 249
2.1. OSLO II......Page 251
3. Lessons, Possible Solutions and Conclusions......Page 254
References......Page 256
POSTER SECTION......Page 258
2. Boundary Rainfall Method......Page 260
2.1. NEW METHOD OF THE BOUNDARY RAINFALL CAPACITY COMPUTATION......Page 262
3. Conclusions......Page 266
References......Page 267
1. Introduction......Page 268
2.1. COMPLEX PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR WATER ANALYSIS......Page 269
3. Conclusion......Page 276
References......Page 277
A NEW GENERATION OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL DEVICES FOR CONTROLLING AND MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY......Page 278
1. Issue of Photometric Portable Equipments......Page 279
1.1. PORTABLE PHOTOMETRIC PROBE......Page 280
2.1. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE COMPOSITION, CONCENTRATION AND DOSING A SOLUTION......Page 281
2.2. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM TO DETERMINE IN SITU SOLUTIONS CONTAINING FLUORESCENT SPECIES......Page 284
3. Combined Cell for Spectrometry in Situ of Solutions to Determine Composition, Concentration and Their Electrolytic Conductivity......Page 285
4. Conclusion......Page 286
References......Page 287
1. Introduction......Page 288
2. Material and Methods......Page 290
3. Results and Discussion......Page 291
References......Page 295
1. Introduction......Page 298
2. Material and Methods......Page 299
3. Results and Discussion......Page 300
References......Page 306
1. Introduction......Page 308
2. Materials and Methods......Page 309
3. Results and Discussions......Page 310
References......Page 314
ANOXIC GRANULATION IN USB REACTOR WITH ANAEROBIC GRANULATED SLUDGE AS AN INOCULUM......Page 316
2. Methods and Objects......Page 317
3.1. ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE FROM IC REACTOR IN PAPER MILL AS AN INOCULUM FOR ANOXIC GRANULATION......Page 318
3.2. ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE FROM IC REACTOR IN BREWERY AS AN INOCULUM FOR ANOXIC GRANULATION......Page 320
3.3. MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF ANOXIC GRANULATED BIOMASS CULTIVATED FROM ANAEROBIC GRANULATED INOCULUM......Page 321
4. Conclusion......Page 322
References......Page 323
COMPARISON OF TWO FLAT SHEET MEMBRANE MODULES USED IN A REAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT......Page 324
2.1. PILOT HOUSEHOLD MBR WWTP......Page 325
3.1. THE QUALITY OF RAW WASTEWATER AND EFFLUENT......Page 326
3.2.1. Membrane Module “A”......Page 328
3.2.2. Membrane Module “B”......Page 329
3.3. EVALUATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION......Page 331
5. Acknowledgements......Page 332
References......Page 333
1. Introduction......Page 334
2. Analysis of Anthropogenic Pressure on Prut and Dnister......Page 335
3. Recommendations on Lowering of Anthropogenic Pressure on the Rivers......Page 337
3.2. DNISTER AND KHOTYN WWTP......Page 338
References......Page 339
1. Introduction......Page 340
2. Description of the Drinking Water Supply System......Page 341
3. Changes in the Water Supply Character in Chernivtsi......Page 343
References......Page 345
1. Introduction......Page 346
2. Experimental Investigation of the Sorption Efficiency......Page 347
References......Page 349
1. Introduction......Page 350
2. Materials and Methods......Page 353
3. Results and Discussion......Page 355
References......Page 358
1. Introduction......Page 360
2.1. A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF SEWERAGE –THE QUALITY OF WASTEWATER......Page 361
3. Conclusion......Page 363
References......Page 364
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 366