Advanced Reliability Modeling: Proceedings of the 2004 Asian International Workshop (AIWARM 2004), Hiroshima, Japan, 26 - 27 August 2004

Contents......Page 8
Preface T. Dohi and W. Y. Yun......Page 6
1. Introduction......Page 18
4. Adaptive Penalty Function......Page 19
5. Genetic Algorithm......Page 20
6.1. 5, 7, 10 and 15 Unit Structures with Linear Constraints for Different Combinations of Problem Parameters......Page 21
6.3. Comparison of GA with Heuristic......Page 23
7. Conclusion......Page 24
References......Page 25
1 Introduction......Page 26
2.1. Definition of the system......Page 27
2.2. Theorem......Page 28
3 Conclusion......Page 32
References......Page 33
1. Introduction......Page 34
2. Non-homogeneous Poisson Process Models......Page 35
3. Continuous-State Software Reliability Model......Page 36
4. Software Reliability Measures......Page 37
5. Numerical Illustrations......Page 39
References......Page 41
1. Introduction......Page 42
2.1. Packet loss recovery using (n, k, m) convolutional codes......Page 43
2.2. nansmission model......Page 44
3.2. Retransmission strategy 2......Page 45
4. Evaluation of number of transmissions and packets......Page 46
References......Page 48
1 Introduction......Page 50
2 Overview of FMECA methodology......Page 51
4 The FMECA-Petri Nets approach to reliability design......Page 52
1.1. The Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle Plant case study......Page 54
1.2. Final results......Page 56
References......Page 57
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS......Page 58
2. Mean Residual Life......Page 60
3. The Probability of Performing Given Mission......Page 62
4. Illustrative Example......Page 63
References......Page 65
1.1. The SER Test Standards......Page 66
1.3. The Structure of This Paper......Page 67
3. Experiment Results......Page 68
4.2 The Largest Allowable Fuse Resistance (Rmax) for BI......Page 71
4.6 The Low-Cost SSER Test Using TDBI......Page 72
References......Page 73
1. Introduction......Page 74
2. Why This Problem......Page 75
3. The Basic Data Structure......Page 77
4. Theoretical Developments......Page 78
5. Findings......Page 79
References......Page 81
1. Introduction......Page 82
2.1. Preliminaries......Page 83
3. Manufacturing Cost Model......Page 84
4.2. Failure-free non-renewing policy......Page 85
4.3. Rebate policy......Page 86
5. Optimization Model......Page 87
References......Page 89
1. Introduction......Page 90
2. Optimal warranty period from the seller\'s perspective......Page 92
3. Optimal out-of-warranty replacement age from the buyer’s perspective......Page 93
4. A numerical example......Page 96
References......Page 97
1. Introduction......Page 98
2. Product Warranty......Page 99
3. Imperfect Repairs......Page 100
4.1. The Age-Correcting Repair Model......Page 101
4.2. Costs Analysis: Renewing Warranty......Page 103
References......Page 105
1 Introduction......Page 106
2.1. Assumptions......Page 107
3.1. Lot Acceptance Procedure......Page 108
3.2. Asymptotic Variance of Test Statistic......Page 109
5 Comparison with Constant Stress ALT Sampling Plans......Page 110
6 Conclusions......Page 111
References......Page 112
2. Availability Formula......Page 114
3. A Numerical Example......Page 116
References......Page 117
1. Introduction......Page 118
2. The Fuzzy Reliability Analysis in Case of Discrete Variable......Page 119
3. The Formula of the Transformation from a Discrete Fuzzy Variable to a Discrete Random Variable......Page 121
4. An Example......Page 123
5. Conclusions......Page 124
References......Page 125
1. Introduction......Page 126
2. Digital Simulation Modeling......Page 127
3.1. The Membership Function of Fuzzy Failure Event Is Known......Page 128
3.2. The Membership of Fuzzy Safe Event Is Unknown......Page 129
4. An Example......Page 131
5. Conclusions......Page 132
References......Page 133
1. Introduction......Page 134
2. Software Safety Model......Page 135
3.2. Cost-Safety- Optimal Software Release Problem......Page 137
4.1. Cost-Optimal Software Release Policy......Page 138
5. Numerical Examples......Page 139
6. Concluding Remarks......Page 140
References......Page 141
1 Introduction......Page 142
2 Required Spare Parts Calculation......Page 143
3 Casestudy......Page 145
4 Conclusion......Page 148
References......Page 149
1. Introduction......Page 150
2.2. Model Description......Page 151
2.4. Model Formulation......Page 152
3.1. The case of n*1......Page 153
3.2. The case of n*1 = 0......Page 154
4. Model with Negative Ordering Time......Page 155
5. Numerical Example......Page 156
References......Page 157
1. Introduction......Page 158
Assumptions......Page 159
2. The Proposed Approach......Page 160
Illustration......Page 161
3. Implementation......Page 162
4. Results and discussions......Page 163
References......Page 165
1 Introduction......Page 166
2.1 The expression of quality indexin fuzzy number......Page 167
3.1 The basic concepts and dehitions......Page 168
3.2 The validity anaIysis of the fuzzy robust design criterion......Page 169
4 Practicability analysis of the fuzzy robust design criterion......Page 170
5 The application example of fuzzy robust design......Page 172
Reference......Page 173
1 Introduction......Page 174
1.1. Concept of Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets......Page 175
1.2. A Geometric Interpretation......Page 176
3 Decomposition of an IVFS......Page 177
4 The Probability of an IVFS......Page 178
5.2. The Cement Roller Example......Page 179
References......Page 181
1 Introduction......Page 182
2.3. Falling Shadow Function......Page 183
3 Fuzzy Set-Valued Statistical Inference......Page 184
4 Failure Time Prediction......Page 187
References......Page 189
Introduction......Page 190
A model relative to reliability allocation......Page 191
( I ) The reliability improvement complexity of module i, denoted by fi :......Page 192
Model solution......Page 193
Example Analysis......Page 195
Conclusion......Page 196
Reference......Page 197
1. Introduction......Page 198
2. Model......Page 199
3. Optimal Policy......Page 202
5. Conclusions......Page 203
References......Page 204
1. Introduction......Page 206
2. Continuous-state space SRGM......Page 207
3.1. Modeling......Page 208
4.1. Testing-effort function......Page 209
5. Software Reliability Assessment Measures......Page 210
7. Numerical Examples......Page 212
References......Page 213
1. Introduction......Page 214
2. Discrete Software Cost Model......Page 215
3. NPV Approach......Page 216
4. Statistical Estimation Algorithm......Page 218
5. A Numerical Example......Page 220
References......Page 221
1 Introduction......Page 222
2 Motivating Example......Page 223
Assumptions......Page 225
4.1 Degradation Test......Page 226
4.2 Analysis......Page 227
4.4 Validity Check......Page 228
References......Page 229
2.1. Model Description......Page 230
2.2. Assumptions......Page 231
3. Optimal Keep and Replacement Problem......Page 232
4.2. Control Limit Policy......Page 233
4.3. Lemmas......Page 234
4.4. Suficient Condition......Page 235
5. Conclusion......Page 236
References......Page 237
1. Introduction......Page 238
2. Related Works......Page 239
3.2 Recovery Block (RB) Architecture......Page 240
4.2.1 Separate mode......Page 241
4.3 Considering Term of Hardware Failure......Page 242
4.4.2 RB/2/1 and RB/2/2 Architectures......Page 243
5. Result......Page 244
References......Page 245
1. Introduction......Page 246
2. Estimation of lifetime distribution using supplementary data......Page 247
3. Age-based claims analysis......Page 248
5. Marginal counts of claims analysis......Page 249
7. Two dimensional warranty......Page 250
8. Warranty costs analysis......Page 251
References......Page 252
1 Introduction......Page 254
2 Redundancy Optimization Problem......Page 255
3.1. Initiulization Step......Page 256
3.2. Generation Step of a Feasible Neighborhood Solution......Page 257
3.5. Cooling Schedule and Stopping Step......Page 258
4.2. Result of Experiments......Page 259
References......Page 260
1 Introduction......Page 262
2 Literature Review......Page 263
3.1. Effective CM without PM......Page 264
3.2. Minimal CM and Effective PM......Page 265
4 Experimenta Results......Page 266
References......Page 267
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 270
2 MEASUREMENT PRECISION......Page 272
3 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF GUARD BANDING......Page 273
3.1. Acceptance cost......Page 274
3.2. Rejection cost......Page 275
5 CONCLUSION......Page 276
REFERENCES......Page 277
The System Reliability Optimization Problems by using an Improved Surrogate Constraint Method S. Kimura, R. J. W. James, J. Ohnishi and Y. Nakagawa......Page 278
2. The Application to Reliability Design Problems......Page 279
2.1. System Reliability Optimization Problem with Two Constraints......Page 280
2.2. System Reliability Optimization Problem with Four Constraints......Page 282
References......Page 284
1. Introduction......Page 286
2.1. Computation of Network Reliability......Page 287
2.3. The Results in Our Past Study......Page 288
3.1. MRI Computation Using Network Reductions......Page 289
3.4. Procedure for CCMRI with k- Terminal Reliability......Page 291
References......Page 293
1 Introduction......Page 294
2 The State of The Art......Page 295
3 The Book “Reliability of Large Systems”......Page 297
References......Page 301
1. Introduction......Page 302
2. Model......Page 303
3. Analysis......Page 305
References......Page 309
1. Introduction......Page 310
2. Mathematical modelling......Page 311
3. Stability condition......Page 314
4.1. System performance measures......Page 315
Concluding remarks......Page 316
References......Page 317
1. Introduction......Page 318
2. Acronyms, notations and assumptions......Page 319
3.1. Comparison of expanded paths......Page 320
3.2. Algorithm......Page 321
4. An example......Page 322
References......Page 324
1. Introduction......Page 326
2. Stationary distribution of X,(t)......Page 327
3. Stationary distribution of X,(t)......Page 329
4. A formula for F(x)......Page 331
5. Optimization......Page 332
References......Page 333
1. Introduction and Summary......Page 334
2. Various Estimators for Weibull Parameters......Page 335
2.3. Maximum Likelihood Estimators(MLE) and Extensions......Page 336
2.5. Estimators by Modified Method of Moments(MME)......Page 337
4. Conclusive Remarks......Page 338
References......Page 341
1 Introduction......Page 342
2.1 Fault Tolerant Techniques......Page 343
2.2.1 Considering S-Independent faults......Page 344
3.1.1 RBiRBj......Page 345
3.2 Proposed Reliability Analysis Models......Page 346
4 Experimental Result......Page 347
References......Page 349
1. Introduction......Page 350
2.1. Earlier work......Page 351
2.2.1. Assumptions:......Page 353
3. Prediction Results......Page 354
4. Model Comparisons......Page 355
5. Conclusion......Page 356
References......Page 357
1. Introduction......Page 358
2. Block Burn-in Strategy......Page 359
3. Optimal Burn-in Time......Page 360
References......Page 362
2. Reliability of Complexity......Page 364
2.2. Definition 2 of complexity......Page 365
3.1. Definition of reliability......Page 366
3.2. Optimal scheduling time......Page 367
3.3. Parallel system......Page 368
4.1. Expected number......Page 369
4.2. Distribution of H (X)......Page 371
5. Sequential Maintenance Policies......Page 372
5.1. Periodic maintenance......Page 373
6.1. Service reliability 1......Page 375
6.3. Remarks......Page 377
References......Page 378
1. Introduction......Page 380
2. Inspection Intensity......Page 381
3. Approximate Inspection Time......Page 382
4. Inspection Time for a Finite Interval......Page 383
5. Imperfect Preventive Maintenance......Page 385
6. Checkpoint Scheme......Page 386
References......Page 387
1. Introduction......Page 388
2.1. Generating profiles......Page 389
2.2. Statistical detection of anomaly......Page 391
3. Evaluation Test......Page 392
References......Page 395
1. Introduction......Page 396
2.1. Kephart and White (KW) model......Page 397
2.2. stochastic model with adjacency......Page 398
3. Computer virus prevalence on different network structures......Page 401
4. Conclusion......Page 402
References......Page 403
1. Introduction......Page 404
2.1. Barlow, Hunter and Proschan Model......Page 405
3.1. Yamada and Osaki Model......Page 406
4. Further Results......Page 408
5. Finite-Time Horizon Problem......Page 409
6. Numerical Examples......Page 410
References......Page 411
1. Introduction......Page 412
2. Problem Formulation......Page 413
3. Optimal Policy......Page 415
3.2. Model 2......Page 416
3.3. Model 3......Page 417
References......Page 418
1. Introduction......Page 420
2. Model Description......Page 421
3. Total Expected Software Cost......Page 422
4. Determination of the Optimal Software Warranty Period......Page 423
5. Numerical Examples......Page 424
References......Page 426
1. Introduction......Page 428
2. Assumptions and Notations......Page 429
3.1. Fraction Defective of Type 1 Product......Page 430
3.2.2. Optimal reaction of consumer......Page 431
4.2. Optimal Policy......Page 432
5. Numerical Illustrations......Page 434
References......Page 435
1.1 Testing Object-Oriented Software......Page 436
2. Existing Work......Page 437
4. Algorithm......Page 438
5.3 Test case for exceptions......Page 440
References......Page 442
1. Introduction......Page 444
3.2. Preliminary......Page 445
3.3.2. Approximation of monotonovs part......Page 446
3.3.3. Approximation of the unimodal parts......Page 449
References......Page 450
1.1. Basic Indices......Page 452
1.2. Therapies......Page 453
2. Notations and Model Description......Page 454
2.1. TCP for Genetic Radiotherapy......Page 455
3.1. Multiplication Model......Page 456
4. Numerical Illustrations......Page 457
References......Page 459
1 Introduction......Page 460
2 CFD analysis of pipeline systems......Page 461
3 Nonlinear structural analysis and simulation of pipeline rupture......Page 463
4 Simulation of harmful impact caused by failures......Page 465
References......Page 467
1 Introduction......Page 468
2 System operation, notation and assumptions......Page 469
3 Model development......Page 470
3.2. The preventive maintenance cost and inspection cost......Page 471
3.3. The quality related costs......Page 472
4 Solution procedure......Page 473
References......Page 475
1 Introduction......Page 476
2.1. Model 1......Page 477
2.3. Model 3......Page 479
3 Special Case......Page 480
3.2. Po=1;Pj=r, j=1,2,...,0References......Page 483
1. Introduction......Page 484
2. Model and Assumptions......Page 485
4. Optimal Schedules for the Periodic PM Policy......Page 486
5. Numerical Example......Page 489
References......Page 490
1. Introduction......Page 492
2. Reference Model of Standby Reductant Structure......Page 493
3.1. Reliability Measures for Nonrepairable System......Page 494
4. Comparison of SUS and Two-unit WSRS......Page 495
References......Page 499
1 Introduction......Page 500
2 Reception......Page 501
3 Case Study of User Reception Analysis: Street Furniture Design in Hong Kong......Page 502
4 Designers\' Roles......Page 504
References......Page 506
1 Introduction......Page 508
2.I. Circumferential Flaw......Page 509
2.2. Axial Flaw......Page 510
3.1 Determination of Partial Safety Factors......Page 511
4.1. Case Study for Circumferential Flaw......Page 512
4.1.1. Data and Plots......Page 513
4.2. Case Study for Axial Flaw......Page 514
References......Page 515
1 Introduction......Page 516
2.1. Clinical Image Data Acquisition......Page 517
2.2. Objective quantification system of glandular density......Page 518
2.3. Visual assessment quantification system of glandular density......Page 519
2.4. Automatic classification system into a BI-RADS\'s pattern......Page 520
3 Result and Discussion......Page 521
References......Page 522
1 Introduction......Page 524
2.1 Ball Grid Array......Page 525
3 ANALYSIS OF X-RAY IMAGE DATA......Page 526
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 528
5 Conclusion......Page 530
References......Page 531
1. Introduction......Page 532
2. Model Description......Page 533
3. Estimation Algorithm......Page 534
4. Analysis of an Actual Data Set......Page 537
5 . Conclusions......Page 538
References......Page 539
1. Introduction......Page 540
2. Model Description......Page 541
3. Mathematical Formulation......Page 544
4. Properties of Optimal Maintenance Policy......Page 545
References......Page 546
1. Introduction......Page 548
2.2. Characteristics of the System Testing......Page 549
3.1. Modeling for Module Testing......Page 550
3.2.1. Model Description......Page 551
4. Numerical Examples......Page 552
4.2. Reliability assessment results for integration testing......Page 553
5. Concluding Remarks......Page 554
References......Page 555
1. Introduction......Page 556
2. Software Availability Model......Page 557
3. Model Description......Page 559
5. Numerical Examples......Page 561
6. Concluding Remarks......Page 562
References......Page 563
1. Introduction......Page 564
2.2. Human factors......Page 565
3.2. Summary of experiment......Page 566
4.1. Definition of SNR......Page 567
4.2. Orthogonal-array L18(21 x 37)......Page 568
5.1. Analysis of experimental results......Page 569
5.2. Discussion and concluding remarks......Page 570
References......Page 571
1 Introduction......Page 572
2.1.1 Fuzzy statistics [2]......Page 573
2.2. Transformation of Probability Distributions to Possibility Distributions......Page 574
2.2.2 The conservation of uncertainty method......Page 575
2.3. Subjective Manipulations of Fatigue Data......Page 576
3 Example......Page 577
References......Page 579
1. Introduction......Page 580
2. D-Optimal Design for Binary Life Testing......Page 581
4. A Sequential Procedure with Estimated Optimal Observation Times......Page 582
References......Page 585
1 Introduction......Page 586
2.1. The GWMA- X Control Chart for the Process Median......Page 587
2.2. The EWMA Control Chart as a Special Case of the GWMA Control Chart......Page 588
3 Performance Measurement and Comparison......Page 589
4.1. Design of the GWMA- X Control Chart......Page 590
4.2. An Example......Page 591
References......Page 593
1. Introduction......Page 594
2. The overall system......Page 595
3. Stochastic model of the system......Page 596
4.1. Basic formulation......Page 597
4.2. Immediate recovery from state D......Page 598
5. Demand modes and average hazardous event rate......Page 599
6. Conclusions......Page 600
References......Page 601
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 602
2. MODEL FORMULATION......Page 603
3. MODEL ANALYSIS......Page 604
4. MAIN RESULTS......Page 605
REFERENCES......Page 609
1. Introduction......Page 610
2. Notations......Page 611
3. Top Event Probability......Page 612
4.1. Inclusion Algorithm......Page 614
5. Numerical Examples......Page 615
6. Conclusion......Page 616
References......Page 617
1 Introduction......Page 618
2 Failure dependency......Page 619
3 Optimal maintenance design......Page 620
3.2.1 Monte Carlo simulation......Page 621
3.2.2 Genetic algorithm......Page 622
4.1 The case when r, s are fixed......Page 623
5 Conclusion......Page 624
References......Page 625
1 Introduction......Page 626
3 Parameter Estimation......Page 628
4 A Numerical Example......Page 629
References......Page 631
1 Introduction......Page 634
2 Features of Firmware Failure......Page 635
3 Distribution Models Generated from Pareto and Weibull Distribution......Page 636
3.1. Distribution Generated from the Two-parameter Weibull......Page 637
3.2. Distribution Generated from Pareto Distribution......Page 638
4.1. Safety Integrity Levels (SIL)......Page 639
5 Concluding Remarks......Page 640
References......Page 641
Author Index......Page 642