Advanced PHP Programming

ISBN 9780672325618......Page 5
Advanced PHP Programming......Page 4
Contents at a Glance......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 8
About the Author......Page 20
Reader Services......Page 21
Foreword......Page 22
PHP in the Enterprise......Page 24
This Book’s Structure and Organization......Page 25
Platforms and Versions......Page 29
PART I Implementation and Development Methodologies......Page 30
CHAPTER 1 Coding Styles......Page 32
Choosing a Style That Is Right for You......Page 33
Naming Symbols......Page 42
Avoiding Confusing Code......Page 50
Documentation......Page 52
Further Reading......Page 58
CHAPTER 2 Object-Oriented Programming Through Design Patterns......Page 60
Introduction to OO Programming......Page 61
A Brief Introduction to Design Patterns......Page 67
Overloading......Page 81
Further Reading......Page 95
CHAPTER 3 Error Handling......Page 96
Handling Errors......Page 98
Handling External Errors......Page 103
Exceptions......Page 106
When to Use Exceptions......Page 127
Further Reading......Page 128
CHAPTER 4 Implementing with PHP: Templates and the Web......Page 130
Smarty......Page 131
Writing Your Own Template Solution......Page 143
Further Reading......Page 144
CHAPTER 5 Implementing with PHP: Standalone Scripts......Page 146
Handling Input/Output (I/O)......Page 148
Parsing Command-Line Arguments......Page 151
Creating and Managing Child Processes......Page 153
Writing Daemons......Page 161
Combining What You’ve Learned: Monitoring Services......Page 164
Further Reading......Page 173
CHAPTER 6 Unit Testing......Page 176
An Introduction to Unit Testing......Page 177
Writing Inline and Out-of-Line Unit Tests......Page 180
Additional Features in PHPUnit......Page 185
Test-Driven Design......Page 191
Unit Testing in a Web Environment......Page 202
Further Reading......Page 205
CHAPTER 7 Managing the Development Environment......Page 206
Change Control......Page 207
Managing Packaging......Page 222
Further Reading......Page 229
CHAPTER 8 Designing a Good API......Page 230
Design for Refactoring and Extensibility......Page 231
Defensive Coding......Page 236
Further Reading......Page 239
PART II Caching......Page 240
Language-Level Tunings......Page 242
Cache-Friendly PHP Applications......Page 254
Content Compression......Page 258
Further Reading......Page 259
Caching Issues......Page 262
Choosing the Right Strategy: Hand-Made or Prefab Classes......Page 264
Output Buffering......Page 265
In-Memory Caching......Page 267
DBM-Based Caching......Page 274
Shared Memory Caching......Page 280
Cookie-Based Caching......Page 281
Integrating Caching into Application Code......Page 287
Further Reading......Page 304
Introduction by Example: Fibonacci Sequences......Page 306
Caching Reused Data Inside a Request......Page 312
Caching Reused Data Between Requests......Page 315
Computational Reuse Inside PHP......Page 318
Further Reading......Page 319
PART III Distributed Applications......Page 320
CHAPTER 12 Interacting with Databases......Page 322
Understanding How Databases and Queries Work......Page 323
Database Access Patterns......Page 329
Tuning Database Access......Page 340
Further Reading......Page 345
CHAPTER 13 User Authentication and Session Security......Page 346
Simple Authentication Schemes......Page 347
Registering Users......Page 350
Maintaining Authentication: Ensuring That You Are Still Talking to the Same Person......Page 354
Single Signon......Page 362
Further Reading......Page 369
CHAPTER 14 Session Handling......Page 372
Client-Side Sessions......Page 373
Server-Side Sessions......Page 377
What Is a Cluster?......Page 390
Clustering Design Essentials......Page 393
Caching in a Distributed Environment......Page 398
Scaling Databases......Page 407
Further Reading......Page 414
CHAPTER 16 RPC: Interacting with Remote Services......Page 416
XML-RPC......Page 417
SOAP......Page 426
SOAP and XML-RPC Compared......Page 436
Further Reading......Page 437
PART IV Performance......Page 440
CHAPTER 17 Application Benchmarks:Testing an Entire Application......Page 442
Passive Identification of Bottlenecks......Page 443
Load Generators......Page 445
Further Reading......Page 450
CHAPTER 18 Profiling......Page 452
A Smorgasbord of Profilers......Page 453
Installing and Using APD......Page 454
A Tracing Example......Page 456
Profiling a Larger Application......Page 458
Spotting General Inefficiencies......Page 463
Removing Superfluous Functionality......Page 465
Further Reading......Page 470
CHAPTER 19 Synthetic Benchmarks: Evaluating Code Blocks and Functions......Page 472
Benchmarking Basics......Page 473
Building a Benchmarking Harness......Page 474
Benchmarking Examples......Page 485
PART V Extensibility......Page 496
CHAPTER 20 PHP and Zend Engine Internals......Page 498
How the Zend Engine Works: Opcodes and Op Arrays......Page 499
Variables......Page 505
Functions......Page 509
Classes......Page 510
The PHP Request Life Cycle......Page 515
Further Reading......Page 525
CHAPTER 21 Extending PHP: Part I......Page 526
Extension Basics......Page 527
An Example: The Spread Client Wrapper......Page 560
Further Reading......Page 570
Implementing Classes......Page 572
Writing Custom Session Handlers......Page 587
The Streams API......Page 591
Further Reading......Page 602
SAPIs......Page 604
Modifying and Introspecting the Zend Engine......Page 621
Homework......Page 632
Index......Page 634