Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Medical Applications: Reverse Engineering, Software Conversion and Rapid Prototyping (Engineering Research Series (REP))

Cover Page......Page 1
Title: Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Medical Applications......Page 6
ISBN 0470016884......Page 7
2 Role of Rapid Digital Manufacture in Planning and Implementation of Complex Medical Treatments......Page 8
4 Three-dimensional Data Capture and Processing......Page 9
6 BioBuild Software......Page 10
7 Generalized Artificial Finger Joint Design Process Employing Reverse Engineering......Page 11
10 Modelling, Analysis and Fabrication of Below-knee Prosthetic Sockets Using Rapid Prototyping......Page 12
11 Future Development of Medical Applications for Advanced Manufacturing Technology......Page 13
Contributors......Page 14
1.1 Overview......Page 18
1.2 Workshop on Medical Applications for Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping......Page 19
1.4 Background on Rapid Prototyping......Page 20
1.5 Stereolithography and Other Resin-type Systems......Page 23
1.6 Fused Deposition Modelling and Selective Laser Sintering......Page 24
1.7 Droplet/Binder Systems......Page 26
1.8 Related Technology: Microsystems and Direct Metal Systems......Page 27
1.9 File Preparation......Page 28
1.10 Relationship with Other Technologies......Page 29
1.11 Disadvantages with RP for Medical Applications......Page 30
Bibliography......Page 31
2 Role of Rapid Digital Manufacture in Planning and Implementation of Complex Medical Treatments......Page 32
2.2 Primer on Medical Imaging......Page 33
2.3.1 Virtual planning......Page 35
2.3.2 Implementation of the plan......Page 37
2.4.1 RP-generated anatomical models......Page 39
2.4.2 Custom treatment devices with ADM......Page 43
2.5 The Future......Page 45
References......Page 46
3.1 Introduction......Page 48
3.2 Surgical Applications of Real Virtuality......Page 49
3.2.1 Cranio-maxillofacial biomodelling......Page 50
3.2.1.1 Integration of biomodels with dental castings......Page 51
3.2.1.3 Use of biomodels to prefabricate templates and splints......Page 52
3.2.2 Use of real virtuality in customized cranio-maxillofacial prosthetics......Page 53
3.2.2.1 Computer mirroring techniques for the generation of prostheses......Page 55
3.2.3 Biomodel-guided stereotaxy......Page 56
3.2.3.2 Development of biomodel-guided stereotactic surgery......Page 57
3.2.3.3 Biomodel-guided stereotactic surgery with a template and markers......Page 58
3.2.3.4 Biomodel-guided stereotactic surgery using the D’Urso frame......Page 59
3.2.3.5 Utility of biomodel-guided stereotactic surgery......Page 60
3.2.4.1 Biomodelling from CTA......Page 61
3.2.4.3 Clinical applications of vascular biomodels......Page 62
3.2.5 Skull-base tumour surgery......Page 63
3.2.6.1 Spinal biomodel stereotaxy......Page 65
3.2.7 Orthopaedic biomodelling......Page 67
3.3 Case Studies......Page 68
References......Page 72
4 Three-dimensional Data Capture and Processing......Page 76
4.1 Introduction......Page 77
4.2.1.1 Computed tomography imaging and its applications......Page 78
4.2.1.2 Magnetic resonance imaging and its applications......Page 80
4.2.1.3 Ultrasound imaging and its applications......Page 81
4.2.2 3D reconstruction......Page 82
4.3 RE and RP in Medical Application......Page 84
4.3.1 Proposed method for RP model construction from scanned data......Page 85
4.3.2 Reconstruction software......Page 86
4.3.3 Accuracy issues......Page 87
4.4 Applications of Medical Imaging......Page 88
4.5.1 Case study with CT/MR scanned data......Page 89
4.5.2 Case studies for RE and RP......Page 91
Bibliography......Page 93
5.2.1 Introduction......Page 96
5.2.2.1 Basic functionality of Mimics......Page 97
5.2.2.2 Additional modules in Mimics......Page 99
5.3.2 Virtual 3D planning environment: SimPlant®......Page 109
5.3.3.1 General concept of SurgiGuide®......Page 110
5.3.3.2 Different types of SurgiGuide®......Page 111
5.3.3.3 Immediate Smile™: temporary prosthesis for truly ‘immediate’ loading......Page 117
5.4 Conclusions......Page 119
Bibliography......Page 120
6.1 Introduction......Page 122
6.2 BioBuild Paradigm......Page 126
6.2.1 Importing a dataset......Page 127
6.2.4 Volume inspection and intensity thresholding......Page 129
6.2.4.1 Intensity thresholding......Page 130
6.2.5 Volume editing......Page 131
6.2.5.2 Volume morphology......Page 132
6.2.5.4 Volume algebra......Page 133
6.2.5.6 Volume transformations......Page 134
6.2.7 Build orientation optimization......Page 135
6.2.9 RP file generation......Page 136
6.3.1 Direct volume rendering (DVR)......Page 137
References......Page 138
7.1.2 Rheumatoid arthritis disease......Page 140
7.1.3 Finger joint replacement design......Page 141
7.1.4 Requirements for new finger joint design......Page 142
7.1.5 Research objectives......Page 143
7.2.1 Previous prosthetic designs......Page 144
7.2.3 Development of a new design......Page 145
7.2.4 Need for a generalized finger joint prosthesis......Page 146
7.3.1 Reverse engineering......Page 147
7.3.4 NURBS design theory......Page 148
7.4.1 Finger joint model preparation......Page 149
7.4.2 Finger joint digitization......Page 150
7.4.5 Database construction and surface generalization......Page 152
7.5.1 Data acquisition of the bone samples......Page 153
7.5.2 Finger joint surface reconstruction......Page 154
7.5.3.1 NURBS curve extraction from the PP head......Page 155
7.5.3.2 NURBS curve feature extraction from the PP and MP base......Page 158
7.5.3.3 Discussion on curve feature extraction......Page 159
7.5.4.2 Automated feature extraction......Page 160
7.6.1.1 Statistical dimension analysis......Page 162
7.6.1.2 PP head geometrical features......Page 167
7.6.2 Generalized finger joint surface reconstruction......Page 172
7.7 Conclusions......Page 176
References......Page 178
8 Scaffold-based Tissue Engineering – Design and Fabrication of Matrices Using Solid Freeform Fabrication Techniques......Page 180
8.1 Background......Page 181
8.3.1 Stereolithography apparatus (SLA)......Page 184
8.3.2 Selective laser sintering (SLS)......Page 187
8.3.4 Solid ground curing (SGC)......Page 188
8.4.1 Three-dimensional printing (3DP)......Page 189
8.5 Systems Based on Extrusion/Direct Writing......Page 193
8.6 Indirect SFF......Page 197
8.7 Robotic and Mechatronically Controlled Systems......Page 199
8.8 Conclusions......Page 202
References......Page 203
9.1 Introduction......Page 208
9.2.1 Custom joint replacement implants......Page 209
9.2.2 Custom bone plates and implants......Page 213
9.3 Electron Beam Melting Technology......Page 216
9.4.1 EBM fabrication of custom knee implants......Page 218
9.4.2 EBM fabrication of custom bone plates......Page 219
9.4.3 Direct fabrication of bone ingrowth surfaces......Page 220
9.5 Summary and Conclusions......Page 221
References......Page 222
10 Modelling, Analysis and Fabrication of Below-knee Prosthetic Sockets Using Rapid Prototyping......Page 224
10.1.1.1 Shaping of the positive mould......Page 225
10.1.1.2 Fabrication of the prosthesis......Page 226
10.1.2 Modelling, analysis and fabrication......Page 227
10.2.1 CAD modelling......Page 228
10.2.2.3 Loading conditions......Page 230
10.2.2.4 Analysis......Page 231
10.3 Experiments......Page 232
10.4 Results and Discussions......Page 233
10.5 Rapid Socket Manufacturing Machine (RSMM)......Page 236
10.5.1.2 Nozzle......Page 237
10.5.2 Overview of the RSMM......Page 238
10.5.3 Clinical test......Page 240
10.5.4 Future work......Page 241
References......Page 242
Bibliography......Page 243
11.1 Introduction......Page 244
11.2 Scanning Technology......Page 245
11.3 RP Technology......Page 246
11.4 Direct Manufacture......Page 247
11.5 Tissue Engineering......Page 248
11.6 Business......Page 249
A,B......Page 250
D......Page 251
F......Page 252
N......Page 253
O,P,Q,R......Page 254
S......Page 255
T......Page 256
U,V,X......Page 257