Advanced Laser Process for Surface Enhancement

Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
	1.1 Laser Application in Surface Engineering
		1.1.1 Laser Processing of Materials
		1.1.2 Various Laser Processes
	1.2 Laser Process Parameters
		1.2.1 Influence Factors of Laser Process
		1.2.2 Laser Operating Modes
		1.2.3 Laser Power and Irradiance
		1.2.4 Laser Scanning Rate and Residence Time
	1.3 Advanced Laser Process
		1.3.1 Laser Process Optimization
		1.3.2 Laser Process with Auxiliary Device
	1.4 Laser Contribution to Cold Spray
		1.4.1 Cold Spray of Hard Materials
		1.4.2 Laser Aided Cold Spray Process
	References
2 Magnetic Field Aided Laser Process
	2.1 Laser Surface Remelting
		2.1.1 Surface Undulation Problem
		2.1.2 Magnetic Field Application
	2.2 Simulation of Laser Surface Remelting
		2.2.1 Assumptions for Modeling
		2.2.2 Formulation of the Model
		2.2.3 Boundary Conditions of the Model
	2.3 Characteristics of Molten Pool
		2.3.1 Temperature Distribution
		2.3.2 Fluid Velocity Distribution
		2.3.3 Surface Morphology
	2.4 Summary of Magnetic Field Aided Laser Process
	References
3 Electromagnetic Field-Assisted Laser Process
	3.1 Laser Melt Injection of Composites
		3.1.1 Reinforcement Particle Distribution
		3.1.2 Graded Distribution of Tungsten Carbides
	3.2 Laser Melt Injection Process
		3.2.1 Coating Materials
		3.2.2 Electromagnetic Compound Field
	3.3 Simulation of Electromagnetic Field-Assisted Laser Melt Injection
		3.3.1 Assumptions for Model Formulation
		3.3.2 Theories for Model Formulation
		3.3.3 Boundary Conditions and the Solution of the Model
	3.4 Molten Pool Characteristics
		3.4.1 Fluid Flow Velocity Distribution
		3.4.2 Temperature Distribution
		3.4.3 Particle Distribution
		3.4.4 Particle Trajectory
		3.4.5 Effects of the Directional Lorentz Force
	3.5 Pore Minimization in Laser Cladding
		3.5.1 Porosity in Laser Cladding
		3.5.2 Laser Cladding with Electromagnetic Field
	3.6 Simulation of Electromagnetic Field-Assisted Laser Cladding
		3.6.1 Assumptions and Molten Pool Modeling
		3.6.2 Modeling of Molten Pool with Pores
		3.6.3 Boundary Conditions and Model Parameters
	3.7 Molten Pool Behavior
		3.7.1 Longitudinal Section of Cladding Layers
		3.7.2 Lorentz Force Performance
		3.7.3 Fluid Velocity Field
		3.7.4 Solidification Velocity
	3.8 Pore Escape from the Molten Pool
		3.8.1 Effects of the Lorentz Force
		3.8.2 Pore Distributions in the Cladding Layer
		3.8.3 Pore Formation Mechanism
	3.9 Summary of Electromagnetic Field-Assisted Laser Process
	References
4 Supersonic Laser Deposition of Metals
	4.1 Supersonic Laser Deposition
		4.1.1 Cold Spray
		4.1.2 Laser Aided Cold Spray
	4.2 Supersonic Laser Deposition of Copper
		4.2.1 Copper Coating Deposition
		4.2.2 Copper Coating Morphology
		4.2.3 Copper Coating Microstructure
		4.2.4 Copper Coating Bonding
		4.2.5 Copper Coating Hardness
	4.3 Supersonic Laser Deposition of Stellite Alloy
		4.3.1 Stellite 6 Coating Deposition
		4.3.2 Stellite 6 Coating Surface Morphology
		4.3.3 Stellite 6 Coating Thickness
		4.3.4 Stellite 6 Coating Microstructure
		4.3.5 Stellite 6 Coating Wear Resistance
		4.3.6 Stellite 6 Coating Corrosion Resistance
		4.3.7 Stellite 6 Coating Bonding
	4.4 Supersonic Laser Deposition of Nickel Alloy
		4.4.1 Ni60 Coating Deposition
		4.4.2 Ni60 Coating Microstructure
		4.4.3 Ni60 Coating Dilution
		4.4.4 Ni60 Coating Hardness
		4.4.5 Ni60 Coating Wear Resistance
		4.4.6 Ni60 Coating Corrosion Resistance
	4.5 Summary of Supersonic Laser Deposition of Metals
	References
5 Supersonic Laser Deposition of Composites
	5.1 Supersonic Laser Deposition of Diamond/Ni60 Composite Coating
		5.1.1 Diamond/Ni60 Composite Coating
		5.1.2 Deposition Process for Diamond/Ni60 Composite Coating
		5.1.3 Microstructure of Diamond/Ni60 Composite Coating
		5.1.4 Hardness and Tribological Performance of Diamond/Ni60 Composite Coating
	5.2 Supersonic Laser Deposition of WC/Stainless Steel Coatings
		5.2.1 Tungsten-Carbide-Reinforced Coatings
		5.2.2 Deposition Process of WC/SS316L Composite Coatings
		5.2.3 Deposition Efficiency of WC/SS316L Composite Coatings
		5.2.4 Microstructure of WC/SS316L Composite Coatings
		5.2.5 Interface Bonding of WC/SS316L Composite Coatings
		5.2.6 Wear Performance of WC/SS316L Composite Coatings
	5.3 Supersonic Laser Deposition of WC/Stellite 6 Coatings
		5.3.1 Deposition of WC/Stellite 6 Coatings
		5.3.2 Microstructure of WC/Stellite 6 Coatings
		5.3.3 Hardness and Wear Performance of WC/Stellite 6 Coatings
	5.4 Summary of Supersonic Laser Deposition of Composites
	References