Advanced Java programming

Content: PART I: INSIDE JAVA 1 
 1. Java Tools 3 
 1.1 Introduction 3 
 1.2 Javadoc 3 
 1.3 Javap 7 
 1.4 Jcmd 9 
 1.5 Jhat 12 
 1.6 Jdb 13 
 1.7 Jar 18 
 1.7.1 Syntax 19 
 1.7.2 Creating a JAR File 19 
 1.7.3 Viewing Contents of a JAR File 20 
 1.7.4 Extracting the Content 20 
 1.7.5 Updating a JAR File 21 
 1.7.6 Manifest File 21 
 2. Exception Handling 26  
 2.1 Exceptions 26 
 2.2 Handling Exceptions 27 
 2.3 An Example 28 
 2.4 Types of Exceptions 28 
 2.4.1 Checked Exceptions 29 
 2.4.2 Unchecked/Runtime Exceptions 29 
 2.5 Catching Exception 29 
 2.6 Tracing Stack 30 
 2.6.1 Multiple Catch Blocks 30 
 2.6.2 throw 31 
 2.6.3 throws 33 
 2.6.4 finally 34 
 2.6.4.1 An example 35 
 2.6.4.2 Some properties 36 
 2.6.5 try-with-resources Statement 37 
 2.6.6 Nested try-catch 39 
 2.7 Custom Exception Classes 40 
 3. Multi-threading 45  
 3.1 Introduction 45 
 3.2 Main Thread 45 
 3.3 Using Sleep 46 
 3.4 Creating Thread 47 
 3.4.1 Extending Thread 47 
 3.4.2 Implementing Runnable 48 
 3.5 Interrupting Thread 49 
 3.6 Suspending and Resuming 51 
 3.7 Thread Priority 52 
 3.8 Using join() 53 
 3.9 Synchronization 55 
 3.9.1 Synchronization and Atomicity 59 
 4.13 Accessing GC from Java Program 83 
 4.13.1 Inspecting GC Parameters 83 
 4.13.2 Explicit Garbage Collection 84 
 4.13.3 finalize() 84 
 4.14 Appendix 84 
 5. Collection Framework 92  
 5.1 Introduction 92 
 5.2 Benefits 93 
 5.3 Collection Interfaces 94 
 5.4 Collection Implementation 95 
 5.4.1 Set 95 
 5.4.1.1 HashSet 96 
 5.4.1.2 LinkedHashSet 97 
 5.4.2 SortedSet 98 
 5.4.2.1 TreeSet 98 
 5.4.3 List 98 
 5.4.3.1 ArrayList 99 
 5.4.3.2 LinkedList 100 
 5.4.4 Queue 100 
 5.4.4.1 LinkedList 101 
 5.4.4.2 PriorityQueue 102 
 5.4.5 Map 102 
 5.4.5.1 HashMap 103 
 5.4.5.2 LinkedHashMap 104 
 5.4.6 SortedMap 105 
 5.4.6.1 TreeMap 105 
 5.5 Algorithms 105 
 5.5.1 Sorting 106 
 5.5.1.1 Custom sort 106 
 5.5.2 Shuffling 106 
 5.5.3 Manipulation 107 
 5.5.3.1 Reversing 107 
 5.5.3.2 Swapping 107 
 5.5.3.3 Copying 107 
 5.5.3.4 Filling 107 
 5.5.3.5 Adding 107 
 5.5.4 Searching 108 
 5.5.5 Finding Extreme Values 108 
 5.5.6 Counting Frequency 108 
 6. Generic Programming 113  
 6.1 Introduction 113 
 6.2 Motivation 114 
 6.3 Solution 114 
 6.4 Collection Framework and Generics 116 
 6.5 Type Naming 117 
 6.6 Generic Methods and Constructors 117 
 6.7 Type Inference 118 
 6.7.1 Generic Methods 118 
 6.7.2 Constructors 119 
 6.7.3 Classes 19 
 6.8 Bounded Type Parameters 119 
 6.8.1 Multiple Bounds 120 
 6.9 Generics and Sub-type 121 
 6.10 Wildcards 122 
 6.10.1 Upper-bound Wildcard 123 
 6.10.2 Lower-bound Wildcard 124 
 6.10.3 Unbounded Wildcard 124 
 6.10.4 Wildcard and Sub-typing 125 
 6.11 Type Erasure 125 
 6.12 Backward Compatibility 126 
 6.13 Restrictions on Generics 127 
 6.13.1 Cannot Specify Primitive Type Arguments 127 
 6.13.2 Cannot Declare Static Fields of Type Parameters 127 
 6.13.3 Cannot Create Instances of Type Parameters 127 
 6.13.4 Cannot Use instanceof 128 
 6.13.5 Cannot Create Generic Arrays 128 
 6.13.6 Limitations on Exception 128 
 6.13.7 Cannot Use .class 129 
 7. Reflection 133  
 7.1 Introduction 133 
 7.1.1 Pros and Cons of Reflection 133 
 7.2 Classes 134 
 7.2.1 Class 134 
 7.2.1.1 Using getClass() 134 
 7.2.1.2 Using .class 135 
 7.2.1.3 Using forName() 135 
 7.2.1.4 Using TYPE field 136 
 7.2.2 Modifier 136 
 7.3 Inspecting Class 137 
 7.3.1 Getting Class Information 137 
 7.3.2 Getting Class Modifiers 138 
 7.3.3 Finding Implemented Interfaces 138 
 7.3.4 Finding Inheritance Hierarchy 139 
 7.3.5 Finding Annotations 139 
 7.4 Finding Class Members 140 
 7.4.1 Getting Fields 140 
 7.4.2 Getting Methods 142 
 7.4.3 Getting Constructors 143 
 7.5 Working with Class Members 143 
 7.5.1 Field Type 143 
 7.5.2 Field Modifiers 144 
 7.5.3 Accessing Fields 144 
 7.5.3.1 Accessing forbidden fields 145 
 7.5.3.2 Modifying final fields 145 
 7.5.4 Method Modifiers 146 
 7.5.5 Method Information 146 
 7.5.6 Invoking Methods 147 
 7.5.6.1 Accessing forbidden methods 147 
 7.5.7 Debugging with Reflection 148 
 7.5.8 Getting Constructor Modifiers 149 
 7.5.9 Instantiating Objects 149 
 7.5.10 Arrays 150 
 7.5.10.1 Checking array types 150 
 7.5.10.2 Creating new arrays 151 
 7.6 Dynamic Proxy 151 
 7.6.1 Designing Dynamic Proxy 151 
 7.6.2 Invocation Handlers 153 
 7.7 Disadvantage of Reflection 155 
 8. Java Native Interface 158  
 8.1 Introduction 158 
 8.2 Java Program with C/C++ 159 
 8.2.1 Writing Java Program 159 
 8.2.2 Compiling Java Program 160 
 8.2.3 Create Header File 160 
 8.2.4 Implement Native Method 161 
 8.2.5 Create Shared Library 162 
 8.2.6 Running the Program 162 
 8.3 Using C++ 163 
 8.4 Syntax Difference in C/C++ 163 
 8.5 Using Java Package 164 
 8.5.1 JNI Types and Data Structures 165 
 8.6 Passing Arguments 167 
 8.6.1 Passing Primitives 167 
 8.6.2 Passing Strings 168 
 8.6.3 Passing Primitive Array 169 
 8.7 Accessing Java Code from Native Program 171 
 8.7.1 Passing Object Array 172 
 8.8 Creating Objects 174 
 8.9 Exception Handling in JNI 174 
 8.10 Appendix 177 
 9. AWT and Swing 182  
 9.1 Introduction 182 
 9.2 AWT Class Hierarchy 183 
 9.2.1 Component 183 
 9.2.2 Container 183 
 9.2.3 Controls 185 
 9.3 Creating Container 185 
 9.3.1 Empty Frame 185 
 9.3.2 Frame with a Title 185 
 9.4 Adding Components 186 
 9.4.1 Adding a Label 186 
 9.4.2 Adding a Button 186 
 9.5 Layout 187 
 9.5.1 FlowLayout 187 
 9.5.2 GridLayout 187 
 9.5.3 BorderLayout 188 
 9.6 Using Panel 189 
 9.7 Text Field 189 
 9.8 TextArea 190 
 9.9 List 190 
 9.10 Checkbox 191 
 9.11 Check Box Group 191 
 9.12 Choice 192 
 9.13 Event Handling 192 
 9.13.1 Event Sources 192 
 9.13.2 Event Classes 192 
 9.13.3 Event Listeners 194 
 9.13.4 Example 194 
 9.13.5 Adapter Classes 197 
 9.14 Dialog Boxes 198 
 9.14.1 Simple Dialog 198 
 9.14.2 File Dialog 199 
 9.15 ScrollBar 200 
 9.16 Menu 200 
 9.16.1 Popup Menu 201 
 9.17 Swing 202 
 9.17.1 Containment Hierarchy 203 
 9.17.2 Adding Components 203 
 9.17.3 JTextField 203 
 9.17.4 JPasswordField 204 
 9.17.5 JTable 204 
 9.17.6 JComboBox 205 
 9.17.7 JProgressBar 205 
 9.17.8 JList 206 
 9.17.9 JTree 207 
 9.17.10 JColorChooser 209 
 9.17.11 Dialogs 210 
 9.17.12 Appendix A: Methods of Important Event Listener Interfaces 212 
 10. Java and XML 217  
 10.1 Introduction 217 
 10.2 XML and DOM 217 
 10.3 DOM Nodes 219 
 10.4 The Node Interface 221 
 10.4.1 Node Properties 221 
 10.5 Document Node 225 
 10.5.1 Document Node Properties 225 
 10.5.2 Document Node Methods 225 
 10.6 Element Node 227 
 10.6.1 Element Node Properties 227 
 10.6.2 Element Node Methods 227 
 10.7 Text Node 228 
 10.7.1 Text Node Properties 228 
 10.7.2 Text Node Methods 228 
 10.8 Attr Node 229 
 10.8.1 Attr Node Properties 229 
 10.9 Parsing XML 229 
 10.9.1 Creating Document 230 
 10.9.2 Navigating DOM Tree 230 
 10.9.2.1 Using root node 230 
 10.9.2.2 Getting all child nodes 231 
 10.9.2.3 Using getElements ByTagName 232 
 10.9.2.4 Using getElementById 233 
 10.9.2.5 Getting attributes of an element 233 
 10.9.2.6 Viewing DOM 235 
 10.9.3 Manipulating DOM Tree 236 
 10.9.3.1 Creating a node 236 
 10.9.3.2 Setting an attribute 237 
 10.9.3.3 Adding a node 237 
 10.9.3.4 Inserting a node 238 
 10.9.3.5 Deleting a node 239 
 10.9.3.6 Cloning a node 240 
 10.9.4 Java DTD Validation 241 
 11. Input/Output 247  
 11.1 Introduction 247 
 11.2 Streams 247 
 11.2.1 Byte Stream 249 
 11.2.2 Character Stream 251 
 11.2.3 Bridging Stream 251 
 11.2.4 Buffered Stream 252 
 11.2.4.1 Buffered byte stream 252 
 11.2.4.2 Buffered character stream 252 
 11.2.5 Reading from Keyboard 253 
 11.2.5.1 Reading character 253 
 11.2.5.2 Reading string 253 
 11.2.6 Console 254 
 11.3 Formatting 254 
 11.4 Data Streams 255 
 11.5 Object Stream 255 
 11.6 Reading/writing Arrays via Streams 256 
 11.7 Pipes 256 
 11.8 File I/O 258 
 11.9 Path 258 
 11.9.1 Creating a Path 258 
 11.9.2 Retrieving Path Information 258 
 11.9.3 Path Operations 259 
 11.9.3.1 Removing redundancy 259 
 11.9.3.2 Converting to URI 259 
 11.9.3.3 Joining paths 259 
 11.9.4 Comparing Paths 259 
 11.10 File 260 
 11.10.1 Checking Existence 260 
 11.10.2 Creating File 260 
 11.10.3 Deleting File 260 
 11.10.4 Copying a File 260 
 11.10.5 File Attribute 261 
 11.10.6 Reading, Writing, Creating Files 261 
 11.10.7 Random Access Files 262 
 11.10.8 W orking with Directories 263 
 11.10.8.1 Listing Directory Contents 263 
 11.10.9 Walking Directory Tree 263 
 11.10.10 Watching Directory 264 
 PART II: NETWORK PROGRAMMING 271 
 12. Basic Networking 273  
 12.1 Java and the Net 273 
 12.2 Java Networking Classes and Interfaces 273 
 12.3 Getting Network Interfaces 274 
 12.3.1 Getting Interface Addresses 275 
 12.3.2 Getting Interface Properties 276 
 12.4 URL 277 
 12.4.1 Creating URL 277 
 12.4.2 Parsing URL 277 
 12.4.3 Web Page Retrieval 278 
 12.5 URLConnection 279 
 12.6 HttpURLConnection 280 
 12.6.1 URLEncoder/URLDecoder 281 
 12.7 Proxy 283 
 12.7.1 Using Command Line Arguments 283 
 12.7.2 Using System Properties 283 
 12.7.3 Using Proxy Class 283 
 12.8 ProxySelector 283 
 13. Socket Programming 287  
 13.1 Introduction 287 
 13.2 Client/server Programs 288 
 13.3 Sockets 289 
 13.3.1 Types of Socket 290 
 13.3.2 Ports 290 
 13.3.3 Socket Address 290 
 13.3.4 Socket Address and Java 291 
 13.3.5 Reserved Ports 291 
 13.4 TCP Sockets 292 
 13.4.1 The ServerSocket Class 294 
 13.4.2 The Socket Class 296 
 13.4.3 An Application 297 
 13.4.4 Complete Example 298 
 13.4.5 Running Example Program 299 
 13.4.6 Handling Multiple Client Requests 300 
 13.4.6.1 Iterative solution 300 
 13.4.7 Concurrently Solution 302 
 13.4.8 Sending and Receiving Objects Using TCP 306 
 13.4.8.1 Serializing an object 306 
 13.4.8.2 Reconstructing objects 308 
 13.4.9 An Example 309 
 13.4.10 Writing the Server 310 
 13.4.10.1 Writing interfaces 310 
 13.4.10.2 Implementing interfaces 310 
 13.4.10.3 Implementing server 311 
 13.4.10.4 Implementing client 312 
 13.4.10.5 Running the example 313 
 13.5 UDP Sockets 313 
 13.5.1 Datagram Packets 315 
 13.5.2 Datagram Server 315 
 13.5.3 Datagram Client 317 
 13.5.4 Receiving Multiple Datagrams 319 
 13.5.5 Sending and Receiving Objects Using UDP 321 
 13.5.6 Sending an Object 321 
 13.5.7 Reconstructing the Object 322 
 13.5.8 Running the Application 323 
 13.6 Multicasting 323 
 13.7 Multicast Sockets 323 
 13.7.1 Multicast Addresses 324 
 13.7.2 MulticastSocket Class 325 
 13.7.3 Sending Data 326 
 13.7.4 Receiving Data 326 
 13.7.5 Complete Example 327 
 13.7.6 Another Multicasting Example 328 
 13.7.7 A Text Conference Example 330 
 13.8 Appendix A (Useful Methods of ServerSocket Class) 332 
 13.8.1 Constructors 332 
 13.8.2 Methods 332 
 13.9 Appendix B (Useful Methods of Socket Class) 334 
 13.9.1 Constructors 334 
 13.9.2 Methods 335 
 13.10 Appendix C (Useful Methods of DatagramSocket Class) 338 
 13.10.1 Constructors 338 
 13.10.2 Methods 338 
 13.11 Appendix D (Useful Methods of DatagramPacket Class) 341 
 13.11.1 Constructors 341 
 13.11.2 Methods 342 
 13.12 Appendix E (Useful Methods of MulticastSocket Class) 343 
 13.12.1 Constructors 343 
 13.12.2 Methods 343 
 14. Remote Method Invocation 348  
 14.1 Introduction 348 
 14.2 Remote Method Invocation 348 
 14.2.1 Application Components 349 
 14.2.2 Basic Steps 350 
 14.3 Java RMI Interfaces and Classes 351 
 14.4 An Application 352 
 14.4.1 Writing an Interface 352 
 14.4.2 Writing Implementation class 354 
 14.4.2.1 Implementing the remote interface 354 
 14.4.2.2 Providing method implementation 355 
 14.4.2.3 Writing Constructor 356 
 14.4.3 Writing an RMI Server 356 
 14.4.3.1 Creating a remote object 357 
 14.4.3.2 Exporting the object 357 
 14.4.3.3 Registering the stub 360 
 14.4.4 Writing an RMI Client 361 
 14.5 Compiling the Program 363 
 14.5.1 Compiling Server 363 
 14.5.2 Compiling Client 363 
 14.6 Generating Stub Classes 364 
 14.7 Running the Program 364 
 14.7.1 Start Server 364 
 14.7.2 Start Client 365 
 14.7.3 Understanding Object Registry 365 
 14.7.4 Using RMI URL 367 
 14.8 Callback 369 
 14.8.1 Creating Interfaces 370 
 14.8.2 Implementing Interfaces 371 
 14.8.3 Writing the Server 371 
 14.8.4 Writing the Client 372 
 14.8.5 Compiling the Application 372 
 14.8.6 Running the Application 372 
 14.9 Another Callback Application 373 
 14.10 Dynamic Object Activation 375 
 14.10.1 Basic Idea 375 
 14.10.2 Implementation 375 
 14.10.3 The Activation Protocol 375 
 14.10.4 An Example 376 
 14.10.4.1 Writing implementation class 376 
 14.10.4.2 Writing server class 377 
 14.10.4.3 Compiling and running the program 379 
 14.11 Dynamic Class Downloading 379 
 14.12 An Example 380 
 14.12.1 Writing an RMI Server 381 
 14.12.1.1 Write an interface 381 
 14.12.1.2 Implement the interface 381 
 14.12.1.3 Implement the server 382 
 14.12.2 Writing a Client 384 
 14.12.3 Compiling the Program 385 
 14.12.3.1 Creating interface classes 386 
 14.12.3.2 Compiling server 386 
 14.12.3.3 Compiling client 387 
 14.12.4 Running the Application 387 
 14.12.5 Start Client 388 
 15. Java Mail API 392  
 15.1 E-mail 392 
 15.2 JavaMail API 392 
 15.3 Installing JavaMail API 393 
 15.4 Sending Emails 393 
 15.4.1 Creating a Session Object 394 
 15.4.2 Compose a Message 395 
 15.4.3 Sending the Mail 396 
 15.4.4 Compiling and Running the Program 397 
 15.5 Sending Emails Directly Using Socket 397 
 15.6 Secured SMTP 398 
 15.6.1 Using SSL 399 
 15.6.2 Using TLS 399 
 15.6.3 Providing Authentication Information 400 
 15.7 Email Message Revisited 403 
 15.7.1 MIME 403 
 15.7.2 Single-part Message 404 
 15.7.3 Multi-part MIME Message 405 
 15.7.4 Composing a Mixed Message 406 
 15.7.5 Compiling the Program 407 
 15.8 Email with HTML Content 408 
 15.9 Accessing Email 409 
 15.9.1 POP 409 
 15.9.2 IMAP 410 
 15.9.3 Secured Mail Access 411 
 15.9.4 JavaMail API Support 411 
 15.9.5 Reading Email 411 
 15.9.6 Using Authenticator 413 
 15.10 Deleting Mails 413 
 15.11 Replying to Mails 414 
 15.12 Forwarding Mails 414 
 15.13 Copying Emails 415 
 15.14 List of SMTP, POP3 and IMAP Servers 416 
 16. Applets 421  
 16.1 Client Side Java 421 
 16.2 Life Cycle 422 
 16.2.1 init() 423 
 16.2.2 start() 423 
 16.2.3 paint() 424 
 16.2.4 stop() 425 
 16.2.5 destroy() 425 
 16.3 Writing an Applet 426 
 16.4 Generating Class File 426 
 16.5 Running the Applet 426 
 16.5.1 The Applet Tag 426 
 16.6 Security 430 
 16.7 Utility Methods 431 
 16.8 Using Status Bar 432 
 16.9 AppletContext Interface 432 
 16.10 Document Base and Code Base 433 
 16.11 Passing Parameter 434 
 16.11.1 Retrieving Parameter 434 
 16.12 Event Handling 435 
 16.13 Communication Between Two Applets 436 
 16.13.1 Using getApplet() Method 436 
 16.13.2 Using getApplets() Method 437 
 16.13.3 A Sample Application 438 
 16.14 Loading Web Pages 439 
 16.15 Interacting with JavaScript Code 440 
 17. Java XML-RPC 445  
 17.1 Introduction 445 
 17.2 XML-RPC Operational Principle 446 
 17.3 Data Types 447 
 17.3.1 Basic Data Types 447 
 17.3.2 Compound Data Types 449 
 17.4 XML-RPC Messages 451 
 17.4.1 Request Message 452 
 17.4.2 Response Message 453 
 17.4.3 Fault Message 454 
 17.5 Java XML-RPC 454 
 17.6 Installing the Apache XML-RPC Java Library 455 
 17.7 XML-RPC versus Java Data Types 455 
 17.8 Example 456 
 17.8.1 Writing the Server 456 
 17.8.2 Writing the Client 457 
 17.8.3 Running the Application 459 
 17.9 Dynamic Proxies 460 
 17.10 Using XmlRpcServlet 462 
 17.11 Using ServletWebServer 464 
 17.12 Introspection 466 
 17.12.1 Example 467 
 17.12.1.1 Listing methods 468 
 17.12.1.2 Finding method signature 469 
 17.12.1.3 Getting help 470 
 17.13 Limitations of XML-RPC 471 
 18. Java and Soap 475  
 18.1 Introduction 475 
 18.2 Differences with XML-RPC 475 
 18.3 Soap Architecture 476 
 18.4 SOAP Flavors 477 
 18.5 SOAP Messages 477 
 18.6 SOAP Binding 479 
 18.7 RPC Using SOAP 479 
 18.8 Web Service 480 
 18.9 JAX-WS 480 
 18.9.1 Developing Web Service 481 
 18.9.2 Deploying Web Service 482 
 18.9.3 Invoking Web Service 483 
 18.9.4 Tracking SOAP messages 485 
 18.9.5 Using WSDL 486 
 18.9.6 Document Style 489 
 18.9.7 Using Tomcat to Deploy Web Service 490 
 18.9.8 Using Ant to Build War File 492 
 18.9.9 Asynchronous Client 493 
 18.9.9.1 Polling 494 
 18.9.9.2 Callback 495 
 PART III: ENTERPRISE JAVA 501 
 19. Security 503  
 19.1 Introduction 503 
 19.2 Java Security Architecture 504 
 19.2.1 Language Security 504 
 19.2.2 Basic Security 504 
 19.2.3 Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) 505 
 19.2.3.1 Secret-key cryptography 505 
 19.2.3.2 Public-key cryptography 506 
 19.2.4 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) 506 
 19.2.4.1 Public key certificates 506 
 19.2.4.2 Certificate format 506 
 19.2.4.3 Digital signature 507 
 19.2.4.4 Key and certificate store 507 
 19.2.5 PKI Tools 507 
 19.3 Secure Communication 508 
 19.4 SSL 508 
 19.4.1 What does SSL do? 508 
 19.4.2 How does it do? 508 
 19.4.3 An Example 509 
 19.4.3.1 Writing the server 509 
 19.4.3.2 Writing the client 510 
 19.4.3.3 Compiling and running the application 510 
 19.4.4 Using Client Authentication 514 
 19.4.5 Using KeyStore 515 
 19.4.6 Ignoring Server Certificates 517 
 19.4.7 Working with HTTPS 517 
 19.5 keytool Revisited 519 
 19.5.1 KeyStore 519 
 19.5.2 Keystore Entries 520 
 19.5.2.1 Truststore 520 
 19.5.3 Keystore Aliases 520 
 19.5.4 Public Key Generation 520 
 19.5.5 Changing Password 521 
 19.5.6 Generating a Certificate Chain 521 
 19.5.7 Generating a Certificate Using Openssl 522 
 19.6 Generating Keys 524 
 19.6.1 Public Key Generation 524 
 19.6.2 Private Key Generation 524 
 19.7 Working with Keystore 525 
 19.7.1 Reading Keystore 525 
 19.7.2 Extracting Private Keys from Keystore 525 
 19.7.3 Storing Private Key and Certificate in Keystore 526 
 19.8 Working with Certificates 526 
 19.8.1 Reading Certificate Information 527 
 19.8.2 CREATING CERTIFICATE 527 
 19.8.3 Converting Certificates 528 
 19.8.4 SignedObject 529 
 19.8.5 SealedObject 531 
 19.8.6 GuardedObject 534 
 19.9 Secure RMI 535 
 19.9.1 Writing Custom Socket Factories 538 
 19.10 Secure XML-RPC 539 
 19.10.1 Using XmlRpcServlet 539 
 19.10.2 Using Secure XML-RPC 540 
 19.11 Signing and Verifying JAR 542 
 19.11.1 Signing JAR 542 
 19.11.1.1 Signature (.SF) file 543 
 19.11.1.2 Signature block file 544 
 19.11.2 Verifying JAR 544 
 19.12 Multiple Signatures for a JAR File 544 
 19.13 Access Control 545 
 19.13.1 Installing Built-in Security Manager 546 
 19.13.2 Policy Files 546 
 19.13.3 Policy File Syntax 547 
 19.13.3.1 Keystore entry 547 
 19.13.3.2 Grant entry 548 
 19.13.3.3 Permission entry 549 
 19.13.4 Custom Permission Class 549 
 19.14 An application 550 
 20. Servlet 557  
 20.1 Server-side Java 557 
 20.2 Advantages Over Applets 558 
 20.3 Servlet Alternatives 558 
 20.3.1 Common Gateway Interface (CGI) 558 
 20.3.2 Proprietary APIs 558 
 20.3.3 Active Server Pages (ASP) 559 
 20.3.4 Server-side JavaScript 559 
 20.4 Servlet Strengths 559 
 20.4.1 Efficient 559 
 20.4.2 Persistent 559 
 20.4.3 Portable 559 
 20.4.4 Robust 559 
 20.4.5 Extensible 559 
 20.4.6 Secure 560 
 20.4.7 Cost-effective 560 
 20.5 Servlet Architecture 560 
 20.6 Servlet Life Cycle 561 
 20.6.1 init() 562 
 20.6.2 service() 562 
 20.6.3 destroy() 562 
 20.6.4 Other Methods 563 
 20.7 GenericServlet 563 
 20.8 HttpServlet 563 
 20.9 First Servlet 564 
 20.9.1 Installing Apache Tomcat Web Server 565 
 20.9.2 Building and Installing Servlet 566 
 20.9.3 Invoking Servlet 567 
 20.10 Passing Parameters to Servlets 568 
 20.10.1 Passing Parameters Directly to a Servlet 568 
 20.10.2 Passing Parameters Directly to a Servlet 568 
 20.11 Retrieving Parameters 569 
 20.12 Server-Side Include 571 
 20.13 Cookies 574 
 20.13.1 Limitations of Cookies 575 
 20.14 Filters 575 
 20.14.1 Deploying Filter 577 
 20.15 Problems with Servlet 577 
 20.16 Security Issues 578 
 20.17 Appendix A: List of SSI Servlet Variables 578 
 21. Java Server Pages 583  
 21.1 Introduction and Marketplace 583 
 21.2 JSP and HTTP 584 
 21.3 JSP Engines 584 
 21.3.1 Tomcat 584 
 21.3.2 Java Web Server 586 
 21.3.3 WebLogic 586 
 21.3.4 WebSphere 586 
 21.4 How JSP Works 586 
 21.5 JSP and Servlet 587 
 21.5.1 Translation and Compilation 587 
 21.6 Anatomy of a JSP Page 590 
 21.7 JSP Syntax 591 
 21.8 JSP Components 591 
 21.8.1 Directives 591 
 21.8.1.1 Page directive 592 
 21.8.1.2 Include directive 594 
 21.8.2 Comments 594 
 21.8.3 Expressions 595 
 21.8.4 Scriptlets 595 
 21.8.4.1 Conditional processing 596 
 21.8.5 Declarations 596 
 21.8.6 Scope of JSP Objects 597 
 21.8.7 Implicit Objects 598 
 21.8.8 Variables, Methods, and Classes 600 
 21.8.8.1 Synchronization 601 
 21.8.9 Standard Actions 602 
 21.8.10 Tag Extensions 606 
 21.8.10.1 Tag type 606 
 21.8.10.2 Writing tags 606 
 21.8.11 Iterating a Tag Body 609 
 21.8.12 Sharing Data Between JSP Pages 611 
 21.9 Beans 612 
 21.9.1 useBean 612 
 21.9.2 setProperty 613 
 21.9.3 getProperty 613 
 21.9.4 Complete Example 613 
 21.9.5 Other Usage 614 
 21.10 Session Tracking 614 
 21.10.1 Hidden fields 614 
 21.10.2 URL Rewriting 616 
 21.10.3 Cookies 616 
 21.10.4 Session API 617 
 21.11 Users Passing Control and Data between Pages 619 
 21.11.1 Passing Control 619 
 21.11.2 Passing Data 619 
 21.12 Sharing Session and Application Data 620 
 22. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 625  
 22.1 Introduction 625 
 22.2 JDBC Drivers 625 
 22.2.1 JDBC-ODBC Bridge (Type 1) 626 
 22.2.2 Native-API, Partly Java (Type 2) 626 
 22.2.3 Middleware, Pure Java (Type 3) 626 
 22.2.4 Pure Java Driver (Type 4) 626 
 22.3 JDBC Architecture 626 
 22.4 JDBC Classes and Interfaces 627 
 22.5 Basic Steps 627 
 22.6 Loading a Driver 628 
 22.7 Making a Connection 629 
 22.8 Execute SQL Statement 631 
 22.9 SQL Statements 631 
 22.9.1 Simple Statement 632 
 22.9.2 Atomic Transaction 635 
 22.9.3 Pre-compiled Statement 637 
 22.9.4 SQL Statements to Call Stored Procedures 638 
 22.10 Retrieving Result 640 
 22.11 Getting Database Information 641 
 22.12 Scrollable and Updatable ResultSet 642 
 22.12.1 Scrollability Type 643 
 22.12.2 Concurrency Type 643 
 22.12.3 Examples 643 
 22.13 Result Set Metadata 647 
 23. Hibernate 657  
 23.1 Introduction 657 
 23.2 Installing Hibernate 658 
 23.3 Basic Steps 658 
 23.4 Writing POJO Class 658 
 23.5 Creating a Table 659 
 23.6 Writing a Hibernate Application 659 
 23.7 Compiling and Running Application 663 
 23.8 Using Annotation 664 
 23.9 Environment Setup for Hibernate Annotation 664 
 23.10 Book Application Using Annotation 664 
 23.11 Function of Different Annotations 665 
 23.12 Object Life Cycle 666 
 23.13 Hibernate Query Language 667 
 23.13.1 From 667 
 23.13.2 Select 667 
 23.13.3 Where 668 
 23.13.4 Filtering 668 
 23.13.5 Order by 668 
 23.13.6 Group by 668 
 23.13.7 Parameter Binding 668 
 23.13.8 Update 669 
 23.13.9 Delete 669 
 23.13.10 Insert 669 
 23.13.11 Aggregate Methods 70 
 23.14 Using Native SQL Query 670 
 23.15 Named Queries 670 
 23.15.1 Defining Named Queries 671 
 23.15.2 Calling Named Queries 672 
 23.16 Generating DDL 673 
 23.17 Syntax of O/R Mapping File 674 
 23.18 Generator Class 676 
 23.19 Hibernate Tools 677 
 23.19.1 Using Hibernate Tools with Ant 677 
 23.19.2 Ant Task 678 
 23.19.3 Configuring Task 678 
 23.19.4 Exporters 679 
 23.19.5 Controlling Reverse Engineering 683 
 23.19.6 Controlling POJO Code Generation 685 
 24. Java Naming and Directory Interface 692  
 24.1 Naming Concepts 692 
 24.1.1 Naming Convention 693 
 24.1.2 Naming Context 693 
 24.1.3 Binding 693 
 24.2 Directory Concepts 694 
 24.2.1 Directory Context 694 
 24.3 Java Naming and Directory Interface 694 
 24.4 An Example 695 
 24.4.1 Writing the Server 695 
 24.4.2 Writing the Client 696 
 24.4.3 Running Application 696 
 24.5 Specifying JNDI Properties 697 
 24.6 Name Servers 697 
 24.7 Using ApacheDS 698 
 24.7.1 Installing and Starting ApacheDS 698 
 24.7.2 JNDI Properties for ApacheDS 699 
 24.8 Calculator RMI Application Using LDAP 699 
 24.9 Calculator RMI-IIOP Application Using JNDI 699 
 24.9.1 Server 699 
 24.9.2 Client 700 
 24.9.3 Running the Application 700 
 24.10 Naming Operations 700 
 24.10.1 Adding, Replacing and Removing Binding 701 
 24.10.2 Looking Up 701 
 24.10.3 Renaming 701 
 24.10.4 Listing 702 
 24.10.4.1 Using list() 702 
 24.10.4.2 Using listBindings() 702 
 24.11 Working with Subcontext 703 
 24.12 Working with Directory 703 
 24.12.1 Reading Attributes 703 
 24.12.2 Binding with Attributes 704 
 24.12.3 Creating Subcontext with Attributes 705 
 24.12.4 Adding Attributes 705 
 24.12.5 Modifying Attributes 706 
 24.12.6 Removing Attributes 706 
 24.12.7 Batch Operation on Attributes 707 
 24.12.8 Search 707 
 24.12.8.1 Basic search 707 
 24.12.8.2 Filters 709 
 25. Java Message Service 714  
 25.1 Messaging 714 
 25.2 JMS API 714 
 25.3 JMS Components 715 
 25.4 Messaging Models 715 
 25.4.1 Point-to-Point 716 
 25.4.2 Publish/Subscribe 716 
 25.5 Message Consumption 717 
 25.5.1 Synchronous 717 
 25.5.2 Asynchronous 717 
 25.6 Programming Model 717 
 25.7 Installing Open MQ 720 
 25.8 Writing JMS Application 722 
 25.9 Writing a P2P Producer 722 
 25.9.1 Running Example 723 
 25.10 Writing a P2P Synchronous Consumer 724 
 25.11 Writing a P2P Asynchronous Consumer 725 
 25.12 Writing a Pub/Sub Producer 726 
 25.13 Writing a Pub/Sub Synchronous Consumer 726 
 25.14 Running this Example 727 
 25.15 Writing a Pub/Sub Asynchronous Consumer 727 
 25.16 Browsing Queue 728 
 25.17 Using JNDI 729 
 25.18 Reliability Mechanisms 731 
 25.18.1 Acknowledgement 732 
 25.18.2 Message Persistence 732 
 25.18.3 Message Priority 732 
 25.18.4 Message Expiration 732 
 25.18.5 Temporary Destinations 733 
 25.19 Transacted Session 733 
 26. Introduction to J2EE 739  
 26.1 Overview of J2EE 739 
 26.2 Introduction to JavaBeans 740 
 26.2.1 Properties 741 
 26.2.2 Accessor Methods 741 
 26.3 Bean Builder 741 
 26.4 Advantages of JavaBeans 742 
 26.5 BDK Introspection 742 
 26.5.1 Design Patterns 743 
 26.6 Properties 744 
 26.6.1 Simple Properties 744 
 26.6.2 Bound Properties 745 
 26.6.3 Constrained Properties 748 
 26.6.3.1 Implementing constrained property support 748 
 26.6.3.2 Implementing constrained property Listener 749 
 26.6.3.3 Example 750 
 26.6.4 Indexed Properties 751 
 26.7 BeanInfo Interface 752 
 26.8 Persistence 756 
 26.9 Customizer 758 
 26.10 JavaBeans API 759 
 26.11 EJB 761 
 26.11.1 Benefits of EJB 761 
 26.11.2 Usage Scenario 761 
 26.11.3 EJB Architecture 761 
 26.11.4 Session Beans 762 
 26.11.4.1 Stateless session beans 762 
 26.11.4.2 Stateful session beans 762 
 26.11.5 Entity Beans 762 
 26.11.6 Message Driven Beans 763 
 26.12 Introduction to Struts Framework 763 
 26.12.1 Basic Idea 763 
 27. Java and CORBA 770  
 27.1 Introduction 770 
 27.2 CORBA Architecture 770 
 27.2.1 IDL 771 
 27.2.2 ORB 771 
 27.2.3 IIOP 771 
 27.2.4 IOR 771 
 27.3 Java IDL 772 
 27.4 Developing CORBA Applications 772 
 27.4.1 Write an Interface Using IDL 772 
 27.4.2 Mapping IDL Interface to Java 773 
 27.4.3 Implementing the Interface 774 
 27.4.4 Writing the Server 774 
 27.4.4.1 Binding IOR to naming service 775 
 27.4.5 Writing the Client 776 
 27.5 Compiling Applications 777 
 27.6 Running the Application 777 
 27.7 Using Properties 778 
 27.8 Stringified Object Reference 779 
 27.9 Using URL 780 
 27.9.1 Using corbaloc 780 
 27.9.2 Using corbaname 781 
 27.10 Using Tie 782 
 27.11 Persistent Objects 782 
 27.11.1 Running Persistent Application 784 
 27.12 Callback 784 
 27.13 Using Dynamic Invocation Interface (DII) 787 
 27.14 Using Dynamic Skeleton Interface (DSI) 789 
 27.14.1 Basic Steps 789 
 27.14.2 An Example 789 
 27.15 Using Out and Inout Parameter 791 
 27.15.1 Invoking Operation Using Holder Classes 792 
 27.15.2 An Example 792 
 27.16 RMI-IIOP 793 
 27.16.1 An Example 793 
 27.16.1.1 Writing an interface 793 
 27.16.1.2 Implementing the interface 794 
 27.16.1.3 Writing the server 794 
 27.16.1.4 Writing the client 794 
 27.16.1.5 Compiling server files 794 
 27.16.1.6 Compiling client files 795 
 27.16.1.7 Running the application 795 
 27.17 IDL to Java Language Mapping 795 
 28. Java Server Faces 801  
 28.1 Introduction 801 
 28.2 First Application 802 
 28.2.1 Installing JSF 802 
 28.2.2 Writing a JSF Page 803 
 28.2.3 Deploying the Application 804 
 28.2.4 Testing the Application 805 
 28.3 Request Processing Life-cycle 806 
 28.3.1 Restore View 806 
 28.3.2 Apply Request Values 807 
 28.3.3 Process Validations 807 
 28.3.4 Update Model Values 808 
 28.3.5 Invoke Application 808 
 28.3.6 Render Response 808 
 28.4 Tracing Phases 808 
 28.5 Managed Bean 809 
 28.5.1 Using faces-config.xml File 810 
 28.5.2 Using @ManagedBean Annotation 811 
 28.5.3 Scope Annotations 811 
 28.5.4 @ManagedProperty Annotation 812 
 28.6 Accessing Managed Bean Programmatically 813 
 28.6.1 Using javax.faces.context. ExternalContext 813 
 28.6.2 Using javax.el.ELContext 813 
 28.6.3 Using evaluateExpressionGet() Method 814 
 28.7 Basic JSF Tags 814 
 28.8 Expression Language 817 
 28.8.1 Value Expression 818 
 28.8.2 Method Expression 819 
 28.8.3 Facelets 820 
 28.8.3.1 Templates 820 
 28.8.3.2 Custom tags 821 
 28.8.3.3 Composite components 823 
 28.8.3.4 Remove 824 
 28.8.4 Converter Tags 824 
 28.8.5 Displaying Messages 827 
 28.8.6 Validations 828 
 28.9 AJAX 830 
 28.10 Event Handling 831 
 28.10.1 Value Change Listener 831 
 28.10.1.1 Using value- ChangeListener attribute 831 
 28.10.2 Using <
f:valueChangeListener>
 Tag 832 
 28.10.3 Action Listener 832 
 28.10.3.1 Using actioneListener attribute 832 
 28.10.4 Using <
f:actionListener>
 Tag 833 
 28.11 An Event Handling Example 833 
 28.12 Page Navigation 834 
 28.12.1 Auto Navigation 834 
 28.12.2 Using Managed Bean 835 
 28.12.3 Using Navigation Rule in Faces-config.xml 835 
 Answers to Objective-type Questions 841