Advanced Health Technology: Managing Risk While Tackling Barriers to Rapid Acceleration

Cover
Half Title
Endorsement Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Editor
About the Contributors
Introduction
Part I Tackling Barriers to Rapid, Exponential Acceleration of Advanced Technologies in Medicine
	Chapter 1 What to Know about Data Transformation for Advanced Technologies in Medicine
		Introduction
		What Is Data Transformation?
		Data Transformation in Healthcare
		EMRs and EHRs in Transforming Data
		Definitions and Terms
		Need for Data Transformation in Healthcare
		Where Quantum Computing Can Make a Difference
		Cybersecurity and Quantum Technologies for Healthcare
		References
	Chapter 2 Closing Knowledge Gaps, Critical in Advanced Technology for Medicine: Building Shared Knowledge to Drive Down Risks in Medical Technology
		Knowledge Gaps
		Technology Integration and Interoperability
		Knowledge Gaps across Cultural and Geographical Diversity
		Reduced Collaboration
		Reducing Risks in Healthcare
		Knowledge Transfer – Use Case/Example
			Space Shuttle Challenger Accident – Results of Failed Knowledge Transfer
		Swim Lanes (or Building Team Alignment and Synergy)
			Security
			Privacy
			Trust
			Identity
			Safety
			Interoperability
		A Cognitive Approach to Understanding and Motivating Knowledge Sharing
		Interoperability and Technology Integration – What Is the Purpose of Interoperability in Healthcare and Do Knowledge Gaps Affect It?
		Interoperability Summary
		What Role Might AI Play in Reducing Knowledge Gaps? Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Reducing or Widening Knowledge Gaps
		What Is Experiential Knowledge?
		Summary – Human Experience and Knowledge
		Terms and Definitions
		References
	Chapter 3 Tech Misinformation and Medical Misinformation as Evil Twins: The Misinformation Path to Destroying Trust in Medical Technology
		Introduction
		Identifying Misinformation = Distrust
		Examples of Gaps between Tech and Medicine
			An Excerpt by a Systems Engineer for Systems Engineers: A Call to Protect the Public
		Hierarchy of Medical Misinformation
		Hierarchy of Tech Hype Misinformation
		When Dogma and Physics Collide to Kill: Why Many People Don’t Know That COVID Is Airborne
		Conclusion
		Next Steps: Team Training to Bust Medical (and Medical Technology) Misinformation
		References
Part II Management and Leadership Competencies and Objectives for Driving the Science, Medicine, and Engineering of Advanced Medical Technology Forward
	Chapter 4 Allyship in Reducing Medical Technology Risk: Why Partnerships Are Vital to Your Professional Success
		Introduction
		Prelude
		Aligning Allies with Reducing Risk and Increasing Success
			Pros and Cons of Allies
			Evidence That Ally Relationships Work
		Recognizing, Recruiting, and Empowering Allies
			Putting Myself in the Shoes of a Leader Looking to Learn How to Recognize a Solid Ally
			Methods for Recruiting Desired Allies (And Yes, Some Allies Might Not Be Desired)
			Establishing a Model That Promotes and Strengthens Allies
			Allyship Competency Checklist
		Paying It Forward as an Ally, Mentor, and Role Model
			Ignorance Might Be Bliss
			Recognize and Own Our Behaviors
			Manage Our Behaviors
			See Inequality
			Holy Grail – Strategizing Your Impact and Scale: Assessing Potential Partner Service Organizations
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5 Extinction Is Eminent without Effective Transformational Leadership: Closing Leadership Gaps That Prevent Execution
		Introduction
		What Is Transformational Leadership and Why You Should Care?
			Leadership Styles
			Desirable Personality Traits
			Distinct Leadership Styles
			Superbosses: What Are They?
		How Transformational Leadership Helps Mobile Medicine and Other Advanced Technologies Succeed
		Key Transformational Leadership Traits You Can Implement
			Build People and Teams
			Lean into Humility
			Know What Makes an Effective Executive and Be Honest about Your Gaps
			Take Responsibility for Tackling Conflict and Using It as a Tool for Improvement
			Make Sure You Understand What Delegation Really Is
			Close Gaps between Visions and Execution
		Case Study: Transformational Leadership in Action
			Building the Team
			Aligning Team Values and Establishing Culture
			Team Goal Setting
			Team Delivery
			Team Outcomes and Experience
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6 Ignore the Dangers of Hubris at Your Own Risk: Mitigating the Barrier to Trust and Respect for High-Performing Teams in Medical Technology
		Introduction
		Conceptualizing Hubris
		Consequences of Hubris
			Benefits
			Leadership
			Collaborators, Partners, Teams, and Organizations
			Business, Industry, and Society
		Disrupting Hubris
			Person to Person
			Leadership Selection, Performance Management, and Development
			Culture, Community, and Organizational Citizenship
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7 Humility as a Core Value for the Adoption of Technology in Medicine: Building a Foundation for Communication and Collaboration
		Humility in Medical and Technical Education
			Moving from Expertise to Master Adaptive Learning
			Humility in Technical Education and Culture
		Humility as a Foundation for Communication and Collaboration
			Communication Models
			Integrating Humility into Communication
			Communication Styles that Challenge Humility
			It Starts at the Top
			Leadership Hubris and Situational Narcissism
		Interface of Technologists and Care Providers – Why Humility Is Critical
			How Can Technologists Bring Humility to Clinical Users?
		Risk and Humility in Healthcare Systems
			Humility, Transparency, and the Acknowledgment of Error
		Personality Factors and Medical Error
		Solutions
		Humility as a “Use Case” for Technology Implementation
			Humility and Technology as a Physician Leader
			Humility Approaching Medicine as a Technology Expert
			Humility in Technology Implementation by the Hospital Executive
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 8 Burnout in Information Security: The Case of Healthcare
		What Is Burnout?: A Basic Background
			What Is Burnout?
			Why Do We Care?
		Understanding Information Security Pressures
			How Is Information Security Different?
			Why Are We Discussing Security as an Example?
		Psychological and Economic Factors – How Does Our Business Culture Encourage This?
			Psychological Root Causes
			Hegemonic Masculinity and Homophily
			How Does This Relate to Hero Worship and Hustle Porn through Storytelling?
			What Have We Built?
			Operating Systems Don’t Multitask Well, and Neither Do We – How We’re Like What We Create
			We Assume a Perfect Communication Environment and High Signal-to-Noise Ratio
			Isolation – How Virtually Isolating Team Members Causes Paranoia
			Neurodivergence and Masking Drains Energy
			Our Actions Reduce Energy and Make People Susceptible to Addiction
			How Does Software Development Relate?
			What Are the Economics behind This?
			How Do We Misuse Metrics?
		How Do We Start Down the Right Path?
			How Do We Do This Right? How Do We Resolve These Issues?
			Protection and Environmental Considerations Framework
			The Roots of Burnout
			What Can You Do for Others?
		Conclusion – We Can Do Better, One Step at a Time!
		References
Part III How Cybersecurity Enables Deployment of Advanced Technologies
	Chapter 9 Security Frameworks as a Foil for Larger Management Issues
		Dismantling the Definitions of Frameworks
		Fraud, Fabulists, and the Blockchain – Why Tech Will Never Replace Professional Organizations
		A Sputnik Moment
		A Modern-Day Guild System
		Shedding the Expense Item Mindset
		The Lack of a Security True North and Supporting Programs
		Understand Organizational Goals and Strategies
		Mind Your P’s and C’s!
		What Signals Are We Sending?
		Management Past the Book – What the Thought Leaders Didn’t Tell You
		Where Do We Start?
		The Digital Transformation Meta Framework (DTMF)
			HIMSS Electronic Medical Records Adoption Model Capability Levels
		Choosing an Architecture
		Leveraging Use Cases to Identify and Score Potential Failure Points
			How Do We Track This?
			What Do We Get from Using the DTMF?
			What Do We Have to Do After?
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 10 Managing Third-Party Risk: Framework Details for Risk Management in Medical Technology
		Why Are We Here?
		Evaluating Architectural Fit and Integration
		Evaluating Actual Operational Work Involved
		The Difference between Monitoring and Participation
		Finding the Right Guidance
			HIPAA/HITECH
			HITRUST
			PCI-DSS
			ISO Information Security Management Standards 27001, 27002, 27017, 27018
				ISO/IEC 27018 – Public Cloud PII Protection
				ISO/IEC 27017 – Cloud Services Security Controls
		Certified Vendors ISO 17021, and Separation of Duties
			American Institute of Certified Public Accountants/Service Organizational Controls Reports
		NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF)
		CSA CCM, CAIQ, and STAR Registry
		CURES Act and HITECH Certification Requirements
		What Does This All Mean?
		The 405(d) Program and Healthcare and Public Health Sector Coordinating Council (HSCC) Cybersecurity Working Group (CWG)
		Policies, Standards, and Procedures
		Third-Party Contracting and Risk Management
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11 Hospital at Home: Managing the Risks of Delivering Acute Care in the Patient’s Home
		The Trend and Importance of Acute Care Delivery at Home
		The Security Is the Tricky Part
		The Do’s and Don’ts
		Hospital Grade versus Consumer Grade
		Bibliography
Part IV The Practical Technical, Legal, Management, and Leadership Steps to a More Interactive Health System
	Chapter 12 Mitigating Value Risk in Innovation: A Physician Product Design Expert’s Lessons Learned Driving Clinical Product Development
		Introduction
		Current State of Innovation in Many Organizations
			You Can Only Rely on Uncertainty
			There Are as Many Approaches to Innovation as There Are Innovations
			Our Solution
		Methodology to Ensure Innovation Creates Value
			Finding Landmines with Your Eyes Instead of Your Feet: Navigating the Landscape
			Core Identity
				Beliefs
				Rituals
				Allegiances
				Values
				Emotionally Meaningful Experiences or Memories
			Relational Identity
				Appreciation
				Affiliation
				Autonomy
				Status
				Role
			Consider All the Possible Users, Stakeholders, and Shareholders
			Beneficiaries of Service
				Patient
				Patient Family
				Patient Caregivers
				Employer
			Providers of Service
				Clinician
				Ancillary Service
				Facility
				Laboratory
				Imaging
				Medications/Pharmacy
			Logistics
				Coding
			Legal, Compliance, and Security
				Legal
			Payer
				Patient
			Implementation/Deployment Team
				Executive Sponsor
				Provider of Innovative Technology or Service
			Value Creation
				Financial
				Efficiency
				Quality
				Experience
				External Recognition
			Value Distribution
		Framework to Identify Innovation Success Early: 13 Steps for Innovation
			Dream
				Step 1: Problem Discovery
				Step 2: Valuate
				Step 3: Rapid Low-Fidelity Prototyping
				Step 4: Minimum Viable Feature (MVF)
				Step 5: Develop a Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
				Step 6: Develop Minimum Marketable Product (MMP)
			Build
				Step 7: Integration Assessment
				Step 8: Priority Assessment
				Step 9: Product Definition
				Step 10: Deploy
			Scale
				Step 11: Scale Operations
				Step 12: Drive Efficiencies
				Step 13: Incremental Improvement
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 13 Playing with FHIR: The Path to Ensuring We Bring the Power of Supercomputing to How We Understand Healthcare in Medicine
		Introduction
		Start at the Beginning
			The First Wave: 1974–2003
			The Second Wave: Digitizing Clinical Data
			The Third Wave: Exchange “Without Special Effort”
		But Why?
		What Is Next?
			Widespread Easier Health Information Exchange between Institutions
			Patient-Initiated Data Calls (aka “Patient-Mediated Exchange”)
		Conclusion
		Note
		Bibliography
	Chapter 14 Technology and the Engaged Patient: Evidence-Based Patient Engagement for Improved Patient Outcomes
		Introduction
		Note
		References
	Chapter 15 Interoperability and Information Blocking: How to Enable Data Sharing and Keep HHS Happy
		HIPAA and Sharing
		No More Information Blocking for You
		Interoperability: The First Step
		CMS also includes several resources on its interoperability webpages on FHIR (for the communications), OpenID Connect (as an identity layer), and OAuth 2.0 (as an authentication service), among others
		Practices, Behavior, and Cultural Change
		Conclusion
		Practical Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 16 The Role of Standards in the Responsibility and Rewards of Medical Technology Industry Leadership: Identify Your Objectives to Build Your Path in Leading the Future of Medical Technology
		Introduction
		Industry Leadership – What Do You Need to Know about Industry Leadership and Why?
		Why Software in Medical Technology Needs Standards
		How Standards Inform Regulatory Processes
		Why Many Stakeholders in the Tech Sector Don’t Know about Standards (Using Food and Other Everyday Analogies)
			Highly Regulated Industries
			Regulated Industries
		The Value of Convening an Ecosystem
		Value of Innovation and Partnering with Entrepreneurs Whether They Are of Tech Companies or a Founder of a Standards Working Group
		Case Study of How a Company Successfully Leverages the Confidence of Standards
		Note
		References
Closing Thoughts
Appendix A: Glossary of Key Terms
Index