Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology

Content: Preface xiii    Part 1 Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes 1     1 Synthesis, Characterization and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: A Glimpse of Their Application 3  Mahe Talat and O.N. Srivastava     1.1 Introduction 4     1.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes 5     1.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene 11     1.4 Methods Used in Our Lab: CVD, Thermal Exfoliation, Arc Discharge and Chemical Reduction 14     1.5 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene 19     1.6 Applications 24     1.7 Conclusion 29     Acknowledgements 29     References 30     2 Surface Modification of Graphene 35  Tapas Kuila, Priyabrata Banerjee and Naresh Chandra Murmu     2.1 Introduction 36     2.2 Surface-Modified Graphene from GO 39     2.3 Application of Surface-Modified Graphene 70     2.4 Conclusions and Future Directions of Research 75     Acknowledgement 77     References 77     3 Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-based Electrochemical Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring 87  G. Alarcon-Angeles, G.A. Alvarez-Romero and A. Merkoci     3.1 Introduction 88     3.2 Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors 97     3.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 121     References 121     4 Catalytic Application of Carbon-based Nanostructured Materials on Hydrogen Sorption Behavior of Light Metal Hydrides 129  Rohit R Shahi and O.N. Srivastava     4.1 Introduction 130     4.2 Different Carbon Allotropes 133     4.3 Carbon Nanomaterials as Catalyst for Different Storage Materials 135     4.4 Key Results with MgH2, NaAlH4 and Li-Mg-N-H Systems 137     4.5 Summary 164     Acknowledgements 165     References 165     5 Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications 173  Mohan Raja and J. Subha     5.1 Introduction 173     5.2 Carbon Nanotubes Structure 174     5.3 Carbon Nanotube Physical Properties 176     5.4 Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Processing 177     5.5 Carbon Nanotube Surface Modification 178     5.6 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 179     5.7 Conclusion 187     References 187     6 Bioimpact of Carbon Nanomaterials 193  A. Djordjevic, R. Injac, D. Jovic, J. Mrdjanovic and M. Seke     6.1 Biologically Active Fullerene Derivatives 194     6.2 Biologically Active Graphene Materials 219     6.3 Bioimpact of Carbon Nanotubes 230     6.4 Genotoxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials 238     6.5 Ecotoxicological Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials 247     References 251     Part 2 Composite Materials 273     7 Advanced Optical Materials Modified with Carbon Nano-Objects 275  Natalia V. Kamanina     7.1 Introduction 275     7.2 Photorefractive Features of the Organic Materials with Carbon Nanoparticles 279     7.3 Homeotropic Alignment of the Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Carbon Nanotubes 297     7.4 Thin Film Polarization Elements and Their Nanostructurization via CNTs 303     7.5 Spectral and Mechanical Properties of the Inorganic Materials via CNTs Application 307     7.6 Conclusion 310     Acknowledgments 311     References 312     8 Covalent and Non-Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes 317  Tawfi k A. Saleh and Vinod K. Gupta     8.1 Introduction 317     8.2 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes 318     8.3 Covalent Functionalization 318     8.4 Non-Covalent Functionalization 320     8.5 Functionalization of CNT with Nanoparticles 320     8.6 Conclusion 326     Acknowledgment 327     References 327     9 Metal Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes 331  Praveennath G. Koppad, Vikas Kumar Singh, C.S. Ramesh, Ravikiran G. Koppad and K.T. Kashyap     9.1 Introduction 332     9.2 Carbon Nanotubes 333     9.3 Processing and Microstructural Characterization of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 338     9.4 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 353     9.5 Strengthening Mechanisms 361     9.6 Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 363     9.7 Tribological Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 366     9.8 Challenges 368     9.9 Concluding Remarks 371     References 371     Part 3 Fly Ash Engineering and Cryogels 377     10 Aluminum/Fly Ash Syntactic Foams: Synthesis, Microstructure and Properties 379  Dung D. Luong, Nikhil Gupta and Pradeep K. Rohatgi     10.1 Introduction 380     10.2 Hollow Particles 382     10.3 Synthesis Methods 388     10.4 Microstructure of Aluminum/Fly Ash Composites 393     10.5 Properties of Aluminum/Fly Ash Syntactic Foams 398     10.6 Applications 409     10.7 Conclusion 411     Acknowledgments 412     References 412     11 Engineering Behavior of Ash Fills 419  Ashutosh Trivedi     11.1 Background 420     11.2 Engineering Evaluation of Cemented Ash Fill 439     11.3 Problems of Uncemented Ash Fill 446     11.4 Ash as a Structural Fill 453     11.5 Conclusions 470     Salutations, Acknowledgement and Disclaimer 470     References 471     12 Carbon-Doped Cryogel Thin Films Derived from Resorcinol Formaldehyde 475  Z. Markoviae, D. Kleut, B. Babiae, I. Holclajtner-Antunoviae , V. Pavlovicae and B. Todoroviae-Markoviae     12.1 Introduction 476     12.2 Experimental Procedure 476     12.3 Results and Discussion 477     12.4 Conclusion 483     Acknowledgements 484     References 484     Index 487