Advanced Blockchain Technology: Frameworks and Enterprise-Level Practices

Foreword 1
	Building an Independent and Controllable Alliance Blockchain, Opening Up a New Horizon for the Development of Fintech
Foreword 2
	Building a New Multi-party Business Collaboration Platform Using Blockchains
Preface
Book Structure
	Example Code and Errata
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: Blockchain Basics
	Chapter 1: Introduction to Blockchain Basics
		1.1 Blockchain Basics
			1.1.1 From Bitcoin to Blockchain
			1.1.2 Definition of Blockchain
				Blockchain Data Structure
				Distributed Consensus Algorithm
				Cryptography
			1.1.3 Blockchain-Related Concepts
				Distributed Ledger
				Cryptography and Authorization Technology
				Consensus Mechanism
				Smart Contract
			1.1.4 Classification of Blockchain
				Public Chain
				Consortium Chain
				Private Chain
		1.2 Blockchain Development History
			1.2.1 Technology Origins
			1.2.2 Blockchain 1.0: ``Digital Currency´´
			1.2.3 Blockchain 2.0: Smart Contracts
			1.2.4 Blockchain 3.0: Beyond ``Currency,´´ Economy, and Market
		1.3 Key Technologies of Blockchain
			1.3.1 Basic Model
			1.3.2 Data Layer
				Block Structure
				Merkle Tree
				Asymmetric Encryption and Digital Signatures
			1.3.3 Network Layer
				P2P Network Architecture
				Transmission Mechanism
				Authentication Mechanism
			1.3.4 Consensus Layer
				PoW (Proof-of-Work) Mechanism
				PoS (Proof of Stake) Mechanism
				DPoS (Proof of Share Authority) Mechanism
				PBFT (Practical Byzantine-Fault-Tolerance) Algorithm
				Raft (Channel Trustworthy) Consensus Algorithm
			1.3.5 Incentive Layer
				Issuance Mechanism
				Distribution Mechanisms
			1.3.6 Contract Layer
		1.4 Status Quo of Blockchain Industry
			1.4.1 Blockchain Development Trends
			1.4.2 Government-Driven Blockchain
			1.4.3 Ecological Mapping of Blockchain
		1.5 Blockchain Application Scenarios
			1.5.1 Digital Bills
			1.5.2 Supply Chain Finance
			1.5.3 Accounts Receivable
			1.5.4 Data Trading
			1.5.5 Bond Trading
			1.5.6 Block Trading
			1.5.7 Cross-Border Payment
			1.5.8 Other Scenarios
		1.6 Mainstream Blockchain Platforms
		1.7 Summary
Part II: Open Source Blockchain Platforms
	Chapter 2: In-Depth Interpretation of Ethereum
		2.1 Basics Introduction to Ethereum
			2.1.1 History of Ethereum Development
			2.1.2 Basic Ethereum Concepts
			2.1.3 The Ethereum Client
				Go-ethereum
				Browser-Solidity (Remix)
				Parity
				Ethereum Wallets
			2.1.4 Ethereum Account Management
				Using the geth Command Line
				Using the geth Console
			2.1.5 Ethereum Network
		2.2 The Core Principle of Ethereum
			2.2.1 Ethereum Consensus Mechanism
			2.2.2 Ethereum Virtual Machine
			2.2.3 Ethereum Data Storage
			2.2.4 Ethereum Encryption Algorithm
		2.3 Ethereum Smart Contracts
			2.3.1 Introduction to Smart Contracts and Solidity
			2.3.2 Smart Contract Programming and Deployment
				Solidity-Hello World
				Document Layout and Contract Structure
				Data Types and State Variables
					Type of Boolean
					Integer Type
					Address
					Byte Arrays
					String
					Arrays
					Mapping/Dictionary
				Function Calls
					Internal Calls
					External Function Calls
					Named Parameter Calls
					Function Visibility
					Pure/View Functions
				Events
				Special Variables
					Ethereum ``Currency Unit´´
					Time Units
					Block and Transaction Attributes
				Contract Deployment
			2.3.3 Smart Contract Testing and Execution
				Truffle Suite Ganache
				Truffle Test Example Analysis
			2.3.4 Smart Contract Example Analysis
		2.4 History, Problems, and Future Development of Ethereum
			2.4.1 Historical Events
				The DAO Attack
				Replay Attack
				The Birth of EEA
				Parity Wallet Bug
			2.4.2 Current Problems of Ethereum
				Inefficient Consensus
				Lack of Privacy Protection
				Large-Scale Data Storage Difficulties
				Information Difficult to Regulate
			2.4.3 Ethereum 2.0
				Beacon Chain
				Sharding
				eWASM
				Casper FFG
		2.5 Summary
	Chapter 3: Fundamentals of Ethereum: Application Development
		3.1 Building an Ethereum Development Environment
			3.1.1 Configuring the Ethereum Environment
				Install Go Environment
				Installing Node.js and npm
				Installing Brew
				Installing Ethereum
				Installing the solc Compiler
			3.1.2 Building an Ethereum Private Chain
				Create Accounts (Public Key)
				Write the Original Block File
				Initialize the Original Block
				Configure the Script to Unlock the Accounts Automatically
				Write the Ethereum Startup Script
				Initiating Mining
		3.2 Ethereum Remix IDE
			3.2.1 Compiling Smart Contracts
			3.2.2 Obtaining Bytecode and ABI Files
			3.2.3 Testing Contract Methods
		3.3 Ethereum Programming Interface
			3.3.1 jSON-RPC
				Smart Contracts
				Compiling the Contract
				Bytecode
				abiDefinition
				Obtaining the Calling Account
				View the Ethers in the Current Account
				Deploying the Contract
				Calling the Contract Method
				Find Transaction Details by Transaction Hash
			3.3.2 JavaScript API
				Compiling the Contract
				Deploying the Contract
				Calling Contract Methods
		3.4 DApp Development Framework and Process
			3.4.1 Meteor
				Install Meteor
				Loading the Ethereum web3 Module
				Calling the Ethereum web3.js Interface
				Deploying DApp Applications
			3.4.2 Truffle
				Truffle Installation
				Truffle Project Creation
				Smart Contract Compilation and Deployment
				Client Application Running
			3.4.3 Layered Extensible Development Process
				Underlying Storage
				Back-End Systems
				Upper Layer Client
		3.5 The First Ethereum Application
			3.5.1 Optimizing the MetaCoin Application
				Verify the Validity of the Account Address
				Feedback Prompt When MetaCoin Is Insufficient
			3.5.2 MetaCoin Code in Detail
				Implementation of index.html
				Implementation of Contract Code
				Implementation of index.js
		3.6 Deploying to the Ethereum Public Chain (Mainnet)
			3.6.1 Infura
			3.6.2 Project Configuration
			3.6.3 Deploying MetaCoin
		3.7 Summary
	Chapter 4: In-Depth Interpretation of Hyperledger Fabric
		4.1 Project Introduction
			4.1.1 Project Background
			4.1.2 Project Introduction
				Fabric
				Iroha
				Sawtooth Lake
				Blockchain Explorer
				Cello
		4.2 Introduction to Fabric
		4.3 Core Concepts
			4.3.1 Anchor Nodes
			4.3.2 Access Control List
			4.3.3 Blocks
			4.3.4 Blockchain
			4.3.5 Smart Contracts
			4.3.6 Channels
			4.3.7 Submit
			4.3.8 Concurrent Control Version Checking
			4.3.9 Configuration Blocks
			4.3.10 Consensus
			4.3.11 Consent Setting
			4.3.12 Consortium
			4.3.13 World State
			4.3.14 Dynamic Membership Management
			4.3.15 Genesis Blocks
			4.3.16 Gossip Protocol
			4.3.17 The Ledger
			4.3.18 Followers
			4.3.19 Leaders
			4.3.20 Principal Peer Node
			4.3.21 Logging
			4.3.22 Membership Service Provider
			4.3.23 Membership Management Service
			4.3.24 Sorting Service or Ordering Service
			4.3.25 Organization
			4.3.26 Node
			4.3.27 Policy
			4.3.28 Private Data
			4.3.29 Private Data Set
			4.3.30 Raft
		4.4 Architecture Details
			4.4.1 Architecture Interpretation
			4.4.2 Membership Services
				PKI System
				User/Client Registration Process
					Out-of-Band Process
					Online Process
			4.4.3 Blockchain Services
				The P2P Network
				Ordering Service
				Distributed Ledger
			4.4.4 Chaincode Services
		4.5 Chaincode Analysis
			4.5.1 Chaincode Overview
			4.5.2 Chaincode Structure
				Chaincode Interface
				API Methods
				Chaincode Return Information
			4.5.3 CLI Command Line Calls
			4.5.4 Chaincode Execution Swimlane Diagram
		4.6 Transaction Flow
			4.6.1 General Process
			4.6.2 Process Details
				The Client Sends the Transaction Proposal to the Specified Endorsement Node
					PROPOSE Message Format
					Message Mode
				Endorsement Node Simulates Transaction Execution and Generates Endorsement Signature
				The Client Collects the Transaction Endorsement and Broadcasts It Through the Ordering Service
				The Ordering Service Transmits the Block to the Peer Node
			4.6.3 Endorsement Strategies
			4.6.4 Verifying the Ledger and PeerLedger Checkpoints
		4.7 Summary
	Chapter 5: Application Development: Fundamentals of Hyperledger Fabric
		5.1 Environment Deployment
			5.1.1 Software Download and Installation
				Oracle VM VirtualBox
				Vagrant
				Git
			5.1.2 Setting Up Development Environment
			5.1.3 Go and Docker
				Go Language Environment
				Docker Environment
		5.2 Chaincode Development Guide
			5.2.1 Interface Introduction
			5.2.2 Case Study
				initMarble Initialize Data
				readMarble Query Marbles Data
				transferMarble
				transferMarblesBasedOnColor
			5.2.3 Introduction to Private Data
				Writing Private Data
				Read Private Data
		5.3 CLI Application Examples
			5.3.1 Preparation
			5.3.2 Writing the Code
			5.3.3 Initiate Network and Chaincode Calls
			5.3.4 Switching on the Network Manually
		5.4 SDK Application Examples
			5.4.1 Introduction to the SDK
			5.4.2 SDK Application Development
				Write the Code
				Application Operation
		5.5 Summary
Part III: The Enterprise-Level Blockchain Platform Hyperchain
	Chapter 6: Anatomy of the Core: Principles of Enterprise-Level Blockchain Platform
		6.1 Hyperchain Overall Architecture
		6.2 Basic Components
			6.2.1 Consensual Algorithm
				RBFT Overview
				RBFT Routine Process
				RBFT View Replacement
				RBFT Auto-Recovery
				RBFT Node Addition and Deletion
			6.2.2 Network Communication
				Communication Principles
				Node Type
				Flow Control Mechanism
			6.2.3 Smart Contracts
				Smart Contract Execution Engine
					HyperEVM
					HyperJVM
					HVM
				HyperVM Design Principles
				HyperVM Execution Flow
			6.2.4 Ledger Data Storage Mechanism
				Blockchain
				Contract Status
				Merkle Tree
		6.3 Expand Components
			6.3.1 Privacy Protection
				Partitioned Consensus
				Privacy Transaction
				Encrypted On-Chain/Hashed On-Chain
				Contract Access Control
			6.3.2 Encryption Mechanism
				Hash Algorithm
				ECDSA-Based Transaction Signatures
				ECDH-Based Key Negotiation
				Ciphertext Transmission Based on Symmetric Encryption
				Transport Layer Security
				State-Secret Support
			6.3.3 Member Management
				CA System
				Certificate Management
					Certification Issuance
					Node Access
					Certificate Checking
					Certificate Revocation
				Key Management
			6.3.4 Blockchain Governance
				Hyperchain Implements Blockchain Governance Through Confederation Autonomy and Node Permission Management
				Permissions Management
			6.3.5 Message Subscription
				System Design
				Concrete Implementation
			6.3.6 Data Management
				Data Visualization
				Data Archiving
			6.3.7 Verification Based on Hardware Acceleration
		6.4 Summary
	Chapter 7: Hyperchain Application Development Fundamentals
		7.1 Platform Functionality
			7.1.1 Platform Interaction
			7.1.2 Transaction Calls
			7.1.3 Contract Management
			7.1.4 Block Queries
		7.2 Platform Deployment
			7.2.1 Hyperchain Configuration
				peerconfig.json: Configure Node IP and Port Number
				pbft.yaml: Configure the Consensus Algorithm
				global.yaml: Global Configuration
				LICENSE: Hyperchain Certificate of Authority
			7.2.2 Hyperchain Deployment
				LICENSE Document
				Network Configuration File host.toml
				Network Configuration File addr.toml
				Logical Network Configuration File peerconfig.toml
				Global Configuration File global.toml
			7.2.3 Hyperchain Operation
				Communication Anomalies
				ViewChange Exception
				Ignore Duplicate Exception
		7.3 The First Hyperchain Application
			7.3.1 Writing Smart Contracts
			7.3.2 Deployment and Contract Invocation
		7.4 Summary
Part IV: Blockchain Applications and Use Cases
	Chapter 8: Ethereum Application and Case Studies
		8.1 Case Study of Ethereum-Based Generic Points System
			8.1.1 Project Introduction
			8.1.2 System Function Analysis
			8.1.3 General System Design
				Solution Selection
					Ethereum Client
					Development Framework
					Ethereum Interface
				Overall Architecture
			8.1.4 Smart Contract Design
				Tool Contract
				Contract State Design
				Contract Method Design
					Constructors
					Customer/Merchant Registration
					Judge Whether the Customer/Merchant Is Registered
					Customer/Merchant Login
					Issue Scores
					Transfer Scores
					Post Goods
					Purchase Goods
			8.1.5 System Implementation
				Establish Projects
				Detailed Implementation
					Connecting to Ethereum
					Customer/Merchant Registration
					Customer/Merchant Login
					Issue Scores
					Transfer Scores
					Post Goods
					Purchase Items
			8.1.6 System Deployment
				Project Configuration
					Contract Configuration
					Overall Configuration
				Project Deployment
		8.2 Case Study of an Ethereum-Based E-Coupon System
			8.2.1 Project Introduction
			8.2.2 System Functional Analysis
			8.2.3 General System Design
				Scheme Design
				System Architecture Design
				System Data Storage Division
			8.2.4 Smart Contract Design
				Outline Design
				Contract Status Design
					Bank Contract
					Merchant Contract
					Consumer Contract
					Coupon Contract
				Contract Method Design
					Construct Method
						Bank Contract
						Merchant Contract
						Consumer Contract
						Coupon Contract
					Functional Methods
						Settlement Coupon Correlation
						Coupon Correlation
							Coupon Issuance
							Coupon Termination
							Coupon Distribution
							Coupon Payment
						Consumer Transfer
					Reading Blockchain Stored Data
			8.2.5 System Implementation and Deployment
				System Deployment Diagram
				Hardware and Software Environment Deployed
					Software Environment
					Hardware Environment
				Blockchain Environment Construction
					Install Curl Command
					Install the Go Environment (Go Version 1.5.1 Is Installed Here)
					Configure Go´s Environment Variables
					Install Node.js.npm
					Verify Node.js.npm
					Install Ethereum
					Install solc
					Create Accounts (Public Key)
					Write the Founding Block File
					Initialize the Founding Block
					Configure the Script to Unlock the Accounts Automatically
					Write Ethereum Startup Script
					Deploy the Bank Contract and Get the abi File
		8.3 Summary
	Chapter 9: Hyperledger Fabric Application Case Studies in Detail
		9.1 Case Study of a Fabric-Based Social Culture Heritage Management Platform
			9.1.1 Project´s Background Analysis
			9.1.2 System Functional Analysis
			9.1.3 General System Design
				Overall Thought
				Application Architecture
			9.1.4 General Design of Smart Contracts
			9.1.5 Core Functional Contract Design
				Objects in Smart Contracts
				Initialization Methods for Smart Contracts
				New Transactions
				Read Transaction Log Information
				Search for Relics Transaction Records
			9.1.6 Tool Contract Design
			9.1.7 Deployment Implementation
				Pre-Installation Preparation
				Chaincode Operations
		9.2 Case Study of a High-End Fabric-Based Food Safety System
			9.2.1 Background Analysis
			9.2.2 Solution Proposal
			9.2.3 System Functional Analysis
				Overall Functional Diagram
				System Function Description
			9.2.4 General System Design
				Overall System Architecture
				System Flow Chart
			9.2.5 API Design
			9.2.6 Smart Contract Design
				Core Functional Contract Design
					Contract Objects in Smart Contracts
					Initialization Methods for Smart Contracts
					Smart Contract Invoke Method
					User Registration
					Delete User
					Registration of Foodstuffs
					Food Establishment
					Distribution of Foodstuffs
					Food Distribution
					User Inquiry, Food Ingredient Inquiry, and Food Delivery Inquiry
					Foodstuffs Circulation Records Search and Food Circulation Records Search
			9.2.7 Leveraging the Node.js SDK
			9.2.8 Deployment Implementation
				Network Configuration
					Encryption Configuration
					Channel Configuration
					Start All Containers
					Backup Configuration File to Host 2
					Operating Mainframe 2
					Return to Host 1 to Instantiate the Chaincode
					Test with the Console
		9.3 Summary
	Chapter 10: Use Cases and Detailed Explanation of Enterprise-Level Blockchain
		10.1 Case Study of Hyperchain-Based Accounts Receivable Management System
			10.1.1 Project Introduction
			10.1.2 System Functional Analysis
				Electronic Voucher Issuance for Accounts Receivable
				Accounts Receivable Transfer for Payment
				Accounts Receivable Financing
			10.1.3 General System Design
				General Idea
				Application Architecture
					Display Module
					Core Business Module
					Data Storage Module
					Associated System Modules
				Main Function Design
				Deployment Architecture
			10.1.4 Smart Contract Design
				Outline Design
				Contract Design
				Contract Method Design
					Functional Methods
			10.1.5 System Security Design
		10.2 Case Study of Hyperchain-Based Ride-Hailing Platform
			10.2.1 Project Introduction
			10.2.2 System Functional Analysis
				Passenger Function Analysis
					Identity System
					Positioning System
					Order System
					Payment System
					Evaluation System
				Driver Function Analysis
					Identity System
					Positioning System
					Order System
					Payment System
					Evaluation System
				Function Analysis of Third-Party Payment Platform
			10.2.3 General System Design
				Business Logic Design
					Itinerary Business Logic
					Payment Business Logic
				System Architecture Design
					Business Layer
					Payment Layer
					Interface Layer
					Blockchain Layer
			10.2.4 Smart Contract Design
				Conceptual Design
				Payment Contract Design
					Constructors
					Permission Controllers
					Registration Function
					Record Function
					Transfer Function
					Query Function
				Taxi Contract Design
					Constructor
					Private Functions
					Passenger Submits an Order
					Driver Order-Grabbing
					Prepayment from Passengers
					Driver Picks Up Passenger
					Real-Time Billing
					Complete the Order
					Cancellation Function
					Passenger Evaluation
					Driver Registration
					Query Function
			10.2.5 System Implementation and Deployment
				System Deployment Diagram
				System Deployment Environment
					Hardware Environment
					Software Environment
				Blockchain Environment Construction
					Install Git
					Install Curl
					Install and Configure Go Language Environment
					Get the Blockchain Executable Binary
					Start the Blockchain
		10.3 Summary