Adoption (Contemporary World Issues)

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 7
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 14
1. Background and History......Page 18
Who Adopts Children?......Page 19
How Agencies Screen Prospective Parents: The Home Study Process......Page 20
Domestic (In-Country) Adoption......Page 21
Intercountry (International) Adoption......Page 24
Agency Adoption......Page 28
Designated Adoption......Page 29
Foster-Adoption......Page 30
Kinship Care......Page 31
Possible Emotional and Health Problems......Page 32
Reactive Attachment Disorder......Page 33
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)......Page 36
HIV/AIDS......Page 37
Methamphetamine......Page 38
Health Problems That May Occur in Children Adopted Internationally......Page 39
For Birth Parents......Page 40
For Adoptive Parents......Page 41
Disruption and Dissolution......Page 43
Funding, Financial Assistance, and Other Aid for Adoptive Parents......Page 45
Available Resources......Page 46
Assisted Reproductive Technologies......Page 47
Positive Adoption Language......Page 48
Adopt-A-What?......Page 49
Summary......Page 50
References and Further Reading......Page 51
2. Issues and Controversies......Page 54
Closed Adoption......Page 55
Open Adoption......Page 57
Cooperative Adoption......Page 59
Open versus Closed Records......Page 61
Do Transcultural and/or Transracial Adoptions Work?......Page 66
Should Single People Be Allowed to Adopt?......Page 76
What about Same-Sex Couples?......Page 79
Should the Government Provide More or Less Regulation of Adoption?......Page 89
What about Infant Abandonment Laws? Are They “Safe Havens,” or “Baby Dumps?”......Page 93
What about Adoption Itself? Is It Valuable, or Not?......Page 96
Summary......Page 98
References and Further Reading......Page 99
3. Adoption around the World......Page 106
Canada......Page 108
The United Kingdom......Page 110
Russia......Page 113
China......Page 115
Romania......Page 122
South Korea......Page 125
Finland......Page 126
Sweden......Page 130
The Philippines......Page 131
India......Page 134
Mexico......Page 135
References and Further Reading......Page 137
4. Chronology......Page 140
Viola Wertheim Bernard (1907–1998)......Page 162
John Bowlby (1907–1990)......Page 163
Charles Loring Brace (1826–1890)......Page 164
Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973)......Page 165
Reverend George Clements (1932–)......Page 166
Michael Dorris (1945–1997)......Page 167
Vera Fahlberg (1934–)......Page 168
Anna Freud (1895–1982)......Page 169
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)......Page 170
Arnold Gesell (1880–1961)......Page 171
Clara McBride Hale (1905–1992)......Page 172
Joan Heifetz Hollinger (1940–)......Page 173
Harry Holt (1905–1964) and Bertha Holt (1904–2000)......Page 174
C. Henry Kempe (1922–1984)......Page 175
H. David Kirk (1918–)......Page 176
Janusz Korczak (1878–1942)......Page 177
Betty Jean Lifton (1926–)......Page 178
Lois Ruskai Melina (1952–)......Page 179
Jean Paton (1908–2002)......Page 180
Justine Wise Polier (1903–1987)......Page 181
Sophie van Senden Theis (1885–1957)......Page 182
Dave Thomas (1932–2002)......Page 183
Barbara Tremetiere (1939–)......Page 184
The Child Welfare Information Gateway......Page 186
How Many Children Were Adopted in 2000 and 2001?......Page 187
How Many People Are Seeking to Adopt?......Page 188
How Many Women Place Their Children for Adoption, and Who Are the Women Who Place Their Children?......Page 190
Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting Systems (AFCARS)......Page 192
What Is the Difference between AFCARS and SACWIS?......Page 193
AFCARS Data......Page 194
Federal Laws and Policy......Page 210
The Child Abuse Amendments of 1984 (P.L. 98–457)......Page 211
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Amendments of 1996 (P.L. 104–235)......Page 212
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (P.L. 95–608)......Page 213
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–272)......Page 214
The Family Preservation and Family Support Services Program Provision of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act (P.L. 103–66)......Page 215
The Interethnic Adoption Provisions of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (P.L. 104–188)......Page 216
The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (P.L. 105–89)......Page 217
The Intercountry Adoption Act of 2000 (P.L. 106–279)......Page 218
Testimony and Statements......Page 219
U.S. Senate Hearing on the “Barriers to Adoption,” 1993......Page 220
Excerpt from Testimony by the Reverend Jesse Jackson, Rainbow Coalition, Washington, D.C.......Page 230
U.S. Senate Hearings on Clarifying the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act, 1996......Page 231
Litigation in Adoption......Page 239
Birth Fathers’ Rights......Page 240
Birth Parents’ Rights......Page 242
Protection of Individual Rights......Page 243
Racial Considerations......Page 244
Supporting Adoptive Families......Page 245
Federal Agencies Concerned with Adoption......Page 246
The Children’s Bureau (CB)......Page 247
National Resource, Educational, Support, Advocacy, and/or Policymaking Organizations Concerned with Adoption......Page 249
National Legally Oriented Organizations with Adoption Connections......Page 270
State Offices......Page 275
Books......Page 286
Adopted Persons......Page 287
Attachment/Bonding......Page 288
Birth Parents......Page 289
Communication/Understanding......Page 291
Controversy......Page 292
Infant Adoption......Page 294
General......Page 295
Intercountry/International......Page 301
Open Adoption......Page 303
Special Adoptive Parent Categories......Page 305
Special Needs Children/Older/From Foster Care......Page 306
Transracial/Transcultural......Page 312
Journals and Other Periodicals......Page 313
Websites......Page 316
Videos and DVDs......Page 319
CD-ROMs......Page 325
Databases......Page 327
Glossary......Page 332
Index......Page 340
About the Author......Page 360