Adhesion in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and dental fields

Content: Preface xv Part 1 General Topics 1 Theories and Mechanisms of Adhesion in the Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Dental Fields 3Douglas J. Gardner 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Mechanisms of Adhesion 7 1.3 Summary 17 References 18 2 Wettability of Powders 23Emil Chibowski, Lucyna Holysz and Aleksandra Szczes 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Different Forms of Wetting 24 2.3 Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces 27 2.4 Contact Angle Measurement in Wettability Studies of  Powdered Materials 27 2.5 Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy 35 2.6 Surface Free Energy Determination of Powdered Solids by Thin Layer Wicking Method 38 2.7 Surface Free Energy Determination of Powdered Solids by Imbibition Drainage Method 42 2.8 Summary 44 Acknowledgement 44 References 44 Part 2 Adhesion in the Pharmaceutical Field 3 Tablet Tensile Strength: Role of Surface Free Energy 53Frank M. Etzler and Sorana Pisano 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Applicability of the Proposed Model to Pharmaceutical Materials 60 3.3 Discussion 70 3.4 Summary 72 3.5 Acknowledgements 72 References 72 4 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Behavior and Tablet Strength 75Changquan Calvin Sun 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Surface Free Energy 76 4.3 Role of Surface Free Energy in Solid Wetting 77 4.4 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Flow 80 4.5 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Tableting 82 4.6 Concluding Remarks 84 References 84 5 Mucoadhesive Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems 89Inderbir Singh, Pravin Pawar, Ebunoluwa A. Sanusi and Oluwatoyin A. Odeku 5.1 Introduction 90 5.2 Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems 93 5.3 Mucoadhesive Polymers 95 5.4 Summary 107 References 108 6 Transdermal Patches: An Overview 115Subham Banerjee 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Factors Affecting Skin Absorption 117 6.3 Passive Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 120 6.4 Types, Structural Components and Materials Used to Design Passive TDDS 121 6.5 Active Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 126 6.6 Production of Transdermal Patches 127 6.7 Biopharmaceutical Concerns 128 6.8 Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Absorption 130 6.9 Manufacture, Design and Quality Control 131 6.10 Commercialized Patches 133 6.11 Regulatory Aspects 133 6.12 Summary and Future Prospects 136 Acknowledgment 137 References 138 7 Film-Forming Technology and Skin Adhesion in Long-Wear Cosmetics 141Hy Si Bui and Debra Coleman-Nally 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Long-Wear Foundation: An overview 142 7.3 Effect of Skin Substrate on Adhesion 142 7.4 Long-Wear Technologies in Cosmetic Applications 150 7.5 Summary and Prospects 160 Acknowledgements 161 References 161 Part 3 Adhesion in the Biomedical Fields 8 Factors Affecting Microbial Adhesion 169Klemen Bohinc, Martina Oder, Rok Fink, Karmen Godie Torkar, Goran Dra  iae and Peter Raspor 8.1 Introduction 169 8.2 Surface Characterization 174 8.3 Bacterial Adhesion to Material Surfaces 175 8.5 Summary 179 Acknowledgments 179 References 180 9 Factors Influencing Biofouling and Use of Polymeric Materials to Mitigate It 185Elena Ozzello, Chiara Mollea, Francesca Bosco and Roberta Bongiovanni 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Origin of Biofouling 188 9.3 Prevention of Microorganisms Adhesion 189 9.4 Influence of Mechanical Properties 198 9.5 Influence of Surface Topography 200 9.6 Concluding Remarks 201 References 202 10 Coatings on Surgical Tools and How to Promote Adhesion of Bio-Friendly Coatings on Their Surfaces 207Sanjay Kumar, Pulak Bhushan and Shantanu Bhattacharya 10.1 Introduction 207 10.2 Coatings on Various Surgical Tools and Implants in Different Fields of Operative Care to Patients 209 10.3 Promotion of Adhesion of Bio-Friendly Coatings on Surfaces of Tools and Implants 224 10.4 Summary 227 References 227 11 Techniques for Deposition of Coatings with Enhanced Adhesion to Bio-Implants 235Proma Bhattacharya and Sudarsan Neogi 11.1 Bio-Implants: An Introduction 235 11.2 Deposition Methods for Enhanced Adhesion of Coatings on Implants 240 11.3 Summary 249 References 250 12 Relevance of Adhesion in Fabrication of Microarrays in Clinical Diagnostics 257Rishi Kant, Geeta Bhatt, Poonam Sundriyal and Shantanu Bhattacharya 12.1 Introduction 258 12.2 Protein Microarrays 259 12.3 Fabrication Techniques 262 12.4 Adhesion of Probes in Protein Microarray Fabrication 264 12.6 Antibody Microarrays 285 12.7 Summary 291 References 291 Part 4 Adhesion in the Dental Fields 13 Antibacterial Polymers for Dental Adhesives and Composites 301Mary Anne S. Melo, Michael D. Weir, Fazel Fakhari, Lei Cheng, Ke Zhang, Fang Li, Xuedong Zhou, Yuxing Bai and Hockin H. K. Xu 13.1 Introduction 302 13.2 Major Damage from Oral Biofilm Formed: The Acid Production 304 13.3 The Chemistry of Current Dental Adhesives and Composites 306 13.4 The Need for Treatments Targeting Oral Cariogenic Biofilms 308 13.5 Classification of Antibacterial Polymers for Dental Materials 310 13.6 Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Monomers 312 13.7 Antibacterial Properties of Dental Adhesives and Composites Containing Antibacterial Monomers 313 13.8 Considerations of Mechanical Properties 320 13.9 Summary and Prospects 322 Acknowledgments 323 References 323 14 Dental Adhesives: From Earlier Products to Bioactive and Smart Materials 331Eliseu A. Munchow and Marco C. Bottino 14.1 Introduction 331 14.2 Adhesion to Dental Substrates 334 14.3 Adhesive Strategies 339 14.4 Limitations in Bonding to Dental Substrates 345 14.5 Strategies to Reduce Bond Strength Degradation     Current Advances 346 14.6 Summary and Prospects 355 Acknowledgment 356 References 356 15 Testing of Dental Adhesive Joints  369Karl-Johan M. Soederholm 15.1 Introduction 370 15.2 Various Bond Strength Tests 372 15.3 Summary 394 References