Acidic Precipitation: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Acidic Precipitation Muskoka, Ontario, September 15–20, 1985

Front Matter....Pages i-xvii
Introduction....Pages 1-3
Atmospheric Deposition in Fenno-Scandia: Characteristics and Trends....Pages 5-16
Acidic Deposition and Its Effects on the Forests of Nordic Europe....Pages 17-29
Gårdsjön Project: lake acidification, chemistry in catchment runoff, lake liming and microcatchment manipulations....Pages 31-46
Project Rain: Changing Acid Deposition to Whole Catchments. The First Year of Treatment....Pages 47-63
Acid Deposition and Effects in Nordic Europe. Damage to Fish Populations in Scandinavia Continue to Apace....Pages 65-74
Measuring Dry Deposition: A Re-Assessment of the State of the Art....Pages 75-90
Pollutant Wet Deposition Mechanisms in Precipitation and Fog Water....Pages 91-104
Atmospheric Measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide with a Sensitive Luminol Instrument....Pages 105-114
Rain, Snow and Lake Water Chemistry on and Near the Precambrian Shield of Western Canada....Pages 115-123
Acidic Precipitation in Western North America: Trends, Sources, and Altitude Effects in New Mexico 1979–1985....Pages 125-133
Patterns of Acid Deposition to a Danish Spruce Forest....Pages 135-141
Chemical Composition of Precipitation at Long Island, NY....Pages 143-152
A Comparison of Summer and Winter Measurements of Atmospheric Nitrogen and Sulphur Compounds....Pages 153-160
Lichen Sulphur and Lead Levels in Relation to Deposition Patterns in Eastern Canada....Pages 161-169
The Distribution of Pollutants Near a Frontal Surface: A Comparison between Field Experiment and Modeling....Pages 171-177
Monthly Mean Spatial Variations of Dry Deposition Velocities of Oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen....Pages 179-186
Eddy Correlation Measurements of Dry Deposition Fluxes Using a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Gas Monitor....Pages 187-194
Effect of a Stratus Cloud on the Redistribution and Transformation of Pollutants....Pages 195-203
Measurement of Dry Deposition to Vegetative Surfaces....Pages 205-210
Modeling of Throughfall Chemistry and Indirect Measurement of Dry Deposition....Pages 211-216
The Composition of Precipitation at Snoqualmie Pass and Stevens Pass in the Central Cascades of Washington State....Pages 217-229
Precipitation Chemistry Measurement in Alberta....Pages 231-237
Rainfall Acidity in Northern Britain — Exploring the Data....Pages 239-244
The Role of Alkaline Materials in Precipitation Chemistry: A Brief Review of the Issues....Pages 245-251
Snow Chemistry in the Flin Flon Area of Manitoba, 1981–1984....Pages 253-261
Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Sulfate and Nitrate Wet Deposition in Ontario....Pages 263-273
The Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Sulphate to Nitrate Ratio in Precipitation in Eastern North America....Pages 275-283
Alkaline Materials Flux from Unpaved Roads: Source Strength, Chemistry and Potential for Acid Rain Neutralization....Pages 285-293
Uncertainties in Estimating Areal Means: With Applications to NADP/NTN Data....Pages 295-302
Wet and Dry Deposition of Sulphates and Nitrates in Eastern Canada: 1979–1982....Pages 303-310
Overview of Historical and Paleoecological Studies of Acidic Air Pollution and its Effects....Pages 311-318
Recent and Historic Red Spruce Mortality: Evidence of Climatic Influence....Pages 319-330
A Review of the Chemical Record in Lake Sediment of Energy Related Air Pollution and its Effects on Lakes....Pages 331-345
Diatom-Based pH Reconstruction Studies of Acid Lakes in Europe and North America: A Synthesis....Pages 347-354
The PIRLA Project (Paleoecological Investigation of Recent Lake Acidification): Preliminary Results for the Adirondacks, New England, N. Great Lakes States, and N. Florida....Pages 355-365
Comparison of Paleolimnological with Magic Model Reconstructions of Water Acidification....Pages 367-380
Changes in Fish Populations in Southernmost Norway during the Last Decade....Pages 381-386
Evidence for Recent Acidification of Lentic Soft Waters in the Netherlands....Pages 387-392
New Data from Peat Bogs May Give a Historical Perspective on Acid Deposition....Pages 393-409
Polluted Precipitation and the Geochronology of Mercury Deposition in Lake Sediment of Northern Minnesota....Pages 411-419
Ecological Effects of Acidification on Primary Producers in Aquatic Systems....Pages 421-438
The Influence of Acidic Pond Water on Amphibians: A Review....Pages 439-450
Ecological Effects of Acidification on Tertiary Consumers. Fish Population Responses....Pages 451-460
Fish Responses to Acidity in Québec Lakes: A Review....Pages 461-475
Fish Species Distribution in Relation to Water Chemistry in Selected Maine Lakes....Pages 477-488
Fish Species Distribution and Water Chemistry in Nova Scotia Lakes....Pages 489-496
Avoidance of Low pH and Elevated Al Concentrations by Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) Alevins in Laboratory Tests....Pages 497-503
Biology and Chemistry of Three Pennsylvania Lakes: Responses to Acid Precipitation....Pages 505-513
Bone Concentration of Manganese in White Sucker ( Catostomus Commersoni ) from Acid, Circumneutral and Metal-Stressed Lakes....Pages 515-521
Announcements....Pages 523-528
Composition of the Benthos in Relation to pH in the LaCloche Lakes....Pages 529-536
Responses of Perch, Perca Fluviatilis L., from an Acidic and a Neutral Lake to Acidic Water....Pages 537-543
Effects of Acidic Meltwater on Chemical Conditions at Nearshore Spawning Sites....Pages 545-552
Association of Wetland Acidity with Reproductive Parameters and Insect Prey of the Eastern Kingbird ( Tyrannus tyrannus ) Near Sudbury, Ontario....Pages 553-567
The Effects of Low pH, Low Calcium Concentrations and Elevated Aluminium Concentrations on Sodium Fluxes in Brown Trout, Salmo Trutta L.....Pages 569-577
On the prediction of acid precipitation events and their effects on fishes....Pages 579-586
Base Additions to Flowing Acidic Water: Effects on Smolts of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)....Pages 587-592
Field and Laboratory Studies of Exposures of Brown Trout to Acid Waters....Pages 593-599
Fish Species Distribution in Relation to Lake Acidity in Ontario....Pages 601-609
Population Dynamics of Yellow Perch ( Perca Flavescens ) and Pumpkinseed ( Lepomis Gibbosus ) in Two Acid-Stressed Lakes....Pages 611-617
Fish Kills of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo Salar ) and Brown Trout ( Salmo Trutta ) in an Acidified River of SW Norway....Pages 619-628
Increase in the Abundance of Cladocera at pH 5.1 in Experimentally-Acidified Lake 223, Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario....Pages 629-637
Linking Laboratory and Field Responses of Fish Populations to Acidification....Pages 639-648
Localization of Aluminum in Tissues of Fish....Pages 649-655
Metal Concentration and Calcification of Bone of White Sucker ( Catostomus Commersoni ) in Relation to Lake pH....Pages 657-664
Occurrence of Salmonid Parr and Eel in Relation to Water Quality in Small Streams on the West Coast of Sweden....Pages 665-671
Influence of Acidification and Aluminum on the Density and Biomass of Lotic Benthic Invertebrates....Pages 673-679
Reaction of Lotic Periphyton to Experimental Acidification....Pages 681-686
Physiological Responses of Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri Exposed to Plastic Lake Inlet and Outlet Stream Waters....Pages 687-694
Phytoplankton Productivity Responses to Direct Addition of Sulfuric and Nitric Acids to the Waters of a Double-Basin Lake....Pages 695-702
Aluminium Impact on Respiration of Lotic Mayflies at Low pH....Pages 703-709
Response of Lake Trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) and Brook Trout ( S. fontinalis ) to Surface Water Acidification in Ontario....Pages 711-717
Phytoplankton Community Responses to Acidification of Lake 223, Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario....Pages 719-726
Distributions of Anuran Populations in Central Ontario Relative to Habitat Acidity....Pages 727-734
A Hematoxylin Staining Technique to Locate Sites of Aluminum Binding in Aquatic Plants and Animals....Pages 735-741
Influence of Acidity and Competition with Fish on the Development of Ducklings in Quebec....Pages 743-750
Mortality and physiological stress of year-classes of landlocked and migratory Atlantic salmon, brown trout and brook trout in acidic aluminium-rich soft water....Pages 751-756
Effects of Dietary Aluminum in Combination with Reduced Calcium and Phosphorous on the Ring Dove ( Streptopelia risoria )....Pages 757-764
Background Pollution in the Arctic Air Mass and its Relevance to North American Acid Rain Studies....Pages 765-777
Biological Indicators of Lake Acidification....Pages 779-789
The Acid-Base Balance of Peatlands: a short-term perspective....Pages 791-800
On the Variability of Simulated Source-Receptor Relationships for Sulfur Deposition....Pages 801-813
Estimation of Source-Receptor Matrices for Deposition of NO x -N....Pages 815-824
Source-Receptor Relationships for Trace Elements in Northern Europe....Pages 825-835
Ambient Acid Aerosols in Rural Nova Scotia....Pages 837-843
Analysis and Assessment of Precipitation Chemistry at Caribou, Maine....Pages 845-855
A Comparison of a Multilayer Regional-Scale Acid Rain Assessment Model (MLRAPT) with a Single-Layer Assessment Model, RAPT....Pages 857-866
Local Patterns of Sulphur Deposition Around Halifax/Dartmouth, Nova Scotia: 1979–83....Pages 867-872
Meteorological Analyses of Acidic Precipitation in Ontario....Pages 873-878
Optimization of Emission Reductions to Reduce Atmospheric Sulphur Deposition in Europe: An Examination of a Methodology....Pages 879-884
Application of Trajectory Analysis to the Assessment of Local and Long-Range Contributions to Acidic Deposition....Pages 885-896
Sudbury Smelter Impact on Atmospheric Deposition of Acidic Substances in Ontario....Pages 897-908
A Critique of Models for Freshwater and Soil Acidification....Pages 909-930
The Significance of In-Lake Production of Alkalinity....Pages 931-944
Effects of nitrogen deposition on the acidification of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems....Pages 945-963
Sulfur Cycling in Five Forest Ecosystems....Pages 965-979
A Quality Assurance Program and Quality Assessment of the Acidic Precipitation in Ontario Study (APIOS) Deposition Monitoring Networks....Pages 981-990
Contemporary Chemistry of Nova Scotian Lakes....Pages 991-999
Examination of the Oligotrophication Hypothesis: Phosporus Cycling in an Acidic Florida Lake....Pages 1001-1006
Metal Speciation in Acidified Mountain Streams in Central Sweden....Pages 1007-1014
Snow Chemistry in the Central Sierra Nevada, California....Pages 1015-1021
Aluminum Speciation in Running Waters on the Canadian Pre-Cambrian Shield: Kinetic Aspects....Pages 1023-1032
Influence of Atmospheric Deposition on Lake Mass Balances in the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Central Ontario....Pages 1033-1044
Acid Neutralizing Capacity of Lakes in the North Cascades Area of Washington State....Pages 1045-1053
Ionic Composition of Acid Lakes in Relation to Airborne Inputs and Watershed Characteristics....Pages 1055-1069
The Cation Denudation Rate Model — Its Continued Validity....Pages 1071-1080
A Premilinary Assessment of the Chemical and Hydrological Interaction of Acidic Snowmelt Water with the Terrestrial Portion of a Canadian Shield Catchment....Pages 1081-1088
Temporal Chemical Variability in Acid Sensitive High Elevation Lakes....Pages 1089-1098
Modelling Hydrology and Sulphate Concentration in Small Catchments in Central Ontario....Pages 1099-1111
Changes in the Chemistry of Lakes Near Subury, Ontario Following Reductions of SO 2 Emissions....Pages 1113-1119
Role of Precipitation Chemistry Versus Other Watershed Properties in Wisconsin Lake Acidification....Pages 1121-1131
Adirondack Headwater Lake Chemistry Relationships with Watershed Characteristics....Pages 1133-1142
Model of Internal Alkalinity Generation: Sulfate Retention Component....Pages 1143-1148
Empirical Models for Lake Acidification in the Upper Great Lakes Region....Pages 1149-1154
Retention and Release of S from A Freshwater Wetland....Pages 1155-1168
Experimental Acidification of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin....Pages 1169-1175
Temporal Variability of Lake Waters in the North Cascades Mountains (Washington, U.S.A.)....Pages 1177-1183
Snowmelt Acidic Shock Study in South Central Ontario....Pages 1185-1192
Patterns and Importance of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Four Acidic Brownwater Streams in Nova Scotia, Canada....Pages 1193-1201
Interfacing Hydrological and Hydrogeochemical Models for Simulating Streamwater Chemistry in the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Canada....Pages 1203-1208
Modelling the Hydrological Regimes in Acidified Watersheds....Pages 1209-1217
Organic Versus Anthropogenic Acidity in Tributaries of the Kejimkujik Watersheds in Western Nova Scotia....Pages 1219-1227
Oxygen-18 Study of the Atmospheric-Aquatic Linkage in Adirondack Watersheds....Pages 1229-1240
Water Acidification in the Federal Republic of Germany Proved by Simple Chemical Models:....Pages 1241-1249
Relations Between Lake Acidification and Sulfate Deposition in Northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan....Pages 1251-1260
Sources of Sulphate and Acidity in Wetlands and Lakes in Nova Scotia....Pages 1261-1268
Storage and Release of Major Ionic Contaminants from the Snowpack in the Turkey Lakes Watershed....Pages 1269-1275
Systematic Study of Lake Water Acidity in Québec....Pages 1277-1284
Temporal Variation in Aluminum Speciation and Concentration During Snowmelt....Pages 1285-1291
Predicted Changes in Streamwater Chemistry Following Reduced/Increased Sulphur Deposition Using the “Birkenes Model”....Pages 1293-1299
Water Acidification by Air Pollutants in the Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 1301-1310
Factors Affecting Snowmelt Streamwater Chemistry in the Black Forest (West Germany)....Pages 1311-1319
Effects of Sulphuric Acid and Acidifying Ammonium Deposition on Water Quality and Vegetation of Simulated Soft Water Ecosystems....Pages 1321-1326
Soil acidity and its relationship to root growth in declining forest stands in Germany....Pages 1327-1336
Responses of Five Species of Conifer Seedlings to Aluminum Stress....Pages 1337-1348
Activities and Results of the Terrestrial Effects Program: Acid Precipitation in Ontario Study (APIOS)....Pages 1349-1359
A Mobile Rain Exclusion Canopy System to Determine Dose-Response Relationships for Crops and Forest Species....Pages 1361-1369
Acidification Phenomena in Beech (Fagus Sylvatica) Forests of Europe....Pages 1371-1377
Assessment of Relative Sensitivities During Early Growth Stages of Selected Crop Species Subjected to Simulated Acidic Rain....Pages 1379-1389
Changes in Soil pH over a 50-year Period Under Different Forest Canopies in SW Sweden....Pages 1391-1395
Diurnal Variations of Aerosol Concentrations Inside and Above a Young Spruce Stand: Modelling and Measurements....Pages 1397-1402
The Effect of Nickel and Copper Deposition from a Mining and Smelting Complex on Coniferous Regeneration in the Boreal Forest of Northern Manitoba....Pages 1403-1412
Aluminum Speciation in Soil Solutions: Equilibrium Calculations....Pages 1413-1420
Uptake of Al, Ca, and P in Black Spruce Seedlings: Effect of Organic Versus Inorganic Al in Nutrient Solutions....Pages 1421-1429
Potential Leaching of Elements in Three Danish Spruce Forest Soils....Pages 1431-1437
Determination of a Chemical Basis of Air-Pollution Stress in Wood of Mature White Pine Trees in the Susceptive Forest Ecosystems....Pages 1439-1446
Effects of Air Pollution on the Chemistry of Surface Waxes of Scots Pine....Pages 1447-1453
 In Vivo Buffering and Concentration of Simulated Acid Rain Drops on Leaves of Selected Crops....Pages 1455-1461
The Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Feather Mosses and Lichens of the Boreal Forest....Pages 1463-1470
Erosion Effects of Air Pollution on Needle Surfaces....Pages 1471-1477
Growth Decline in Red Spruce and Balsam Fir Relative to Natural Processes....Pages 1479-1484
Snowmelt in A Boreal Forest Site: An Integrated Model of Meltwater Quality (SNOQUAL1)....Pages 1485-1493
The Influence of Mycorrhizal Associations on Paper Birch and Jack Pine Seedlings When Exposed to Elevated Copper, Nickel or Aluminum....Pages 1495-1502
Nutrient Supply and Forest Decline in Southwest-Germany....Pages 1503-1516
Regional Pattern of Acid Deposition and Forest Decline Along a Cross Section Through Europe....Pages 1517-1528
Neutralization of Acidic Raindrops on Leaves of Agricultural Crop and Boreal Forest Species....Pages 1529-1538
Simultaneous Exposure of Forest Trees to Pollutants and Climatic Stress....Pages 1539-1545
Trace Element Distribution within the Tree Phytomass and Forest Floor of a Tolerant Hardwood Stand, Algoma, Ontario....Pages 1547-1554
Trace Elements in the Hydrologic Cycle of a Tolerant Hardwood Forest Ecosystem....Pages 1555-1562
The Uptake and Toxicity of Mercury and Lead to Spruce (Picea Abies Karst.) Seedlings....Pages 1563-1569
Effects of NH 4 + on the Growth and K + ( 86 Rb) Uptake of Various Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Pure Culture....Pages 1571-1576
The Geographical Distribution and Temporal Variations of Acidic Deposition in Eastern North America....Pages 1577-1589
Effects of Gaseous Pollutants on Forests in Eastern North America....Pages 1591-1604
Regional Chemical Characteristics of Lakes in North America: Part I — Eastern Canada....Pages 1605-1621
Metals and Acidification: An Overview....Pages 1623-1630
Regional Chemical Characteristics of Lakes in North America Part II: Eastern United States....Pages 1631-1645
The Impact of Acidification on Aquatic Biota in North America: A Comparison of Field and Laboratory Results....Pages 1647-1658
Evidence of Fish Population Responses to Acidification in the Eastern United States....Pages 1659-1683
Sensitive Surface Waters — A UK Perspective....Pages 1685-1699
Forest Decline in Europe: Development and Possible Causes....Pages 1701-1722
Effects of Liming on Crayfish and Fish in Sweden....Pages 1723-1741
A Scandinavian Model Used to Predict the Reacidification of Limed Lakes in Nova Scotia and Ontario, Canada....Pages 1743-1761
Liming in Ontario: Short-Term Biological and Chemical Changes....Pages 1763-1774
Liming the Acid Lake Hovvatn, Norway: A Whole-Ecosystem Study....Pages 1775-1817
Water Quality Improvements in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Area Related to Reduced Smelter Emissions....Pages 1819-1828
The Case for Liming Some Nova Scotia Salmon Rivers....Pages 1829-1843
Natural Changes in the Planktonic Rotifera of a Small Acid Lake Near Sudbury, Ontario Following Water Quality Improvements....Pages 1845-1851
Laboratory and Field Testing of a Dose Calculation Model for Neutralization of Adirondack Acidic Lakes....Pages 1853-1861
Liming in Sweden....Pages 1863-1869
Loch Fleet: Techniques for Acidity Mitigation....Pages 1871-1879
The Dissolution Efficiency for Different Stream Liming Methods....Pages 1881-1891
Characterization and Neutralization Requirements of two Acidic Lake Sediments....Pages 1893-1900
Sulfate Content and Adsorption in Soils of two Forest Watersheds in Southern Norway....Pages 1901-1910
Development of Methodology for Predicting Reacidification of Calcium Carbonate Treated Lakes....Pages 1911-1918
Lysimeter Study of Effects of Acid Deposition on Properties and Leaching of Gleyed Dystric Brunisolic Soil in Norway....Pages 1919-1932
Acid Deposition and Ion Leaching From a Podzolic Soil under Hardwood Forest....Pages 1933-1943
The Effect of Five Years Acid Treatment on Leaching, Soil Chemistry and Weathering of a Humo-Ferric Podzol....Pages 1945-1954
Leaching of Metals from a Spruce Forest Soil as Influenced by Experimental Acidification....Pages 1955-1970
Soluble Organic Acids and Their Chelating Influence on Al and Other Metal Dissolution from Forest Soils....Pages 1971-1981
Effects of Forest Vegetation on Spatial Variability of Surface Mineral Soil pH, Soluble Aluminum and Carbon....Pages 1983-1994
Alkalinity Production in Epilimnetic Sediments: Acidic and Non-Acidic Lakes....Pages 1995-2002
Effect of Lake Acidification on the Adsorption of Phosphorus by Sediments....Pages 2003-2012
Simulated Acid Rain Effects on Acidification of a Lexington Silt Loam....Pages 2013-2018
Effects of Acid Rain on Ion Leaching in a Danish Forest Soil....Pages 2019-2024
Geochemistry of Aquatic and Terrestrial Sediments, Precambrian Shield of Southeastern Ontario....Pages 2025-2035
Kinetics and Mechanism of Mineral Dissolution in a Soil at pH Values Below 4....Pages 2037-2046
Simulated Mobilization of Metals From Sediments in Response to Lake Acidification....Pages 2047-2054
What Fraction of the Total Metal Flux Into Lakes is Retained in the Sediments?....Pages 2055-2062
Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Decline....Pages 2063-2073
Economic Valuation of Acidic Deposition Damages: Preliminary Results From the 1985 NAPAP Assessment....Pages 2075-2090
Cost Effective Management of Wet Sulfate Deposition....Pages 2091-2101
Trends in Public Opinion on Acid Rain: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Data....Pages 2103-2115
A Comparative Regional Analysis of the Status of Aquatic Resources with Respect to Acid Deposition....Pages 2117-2124
Aquatic Characterization for Resources at Risk in Eastern Canada....Pages 2125-2134
Estimates of existing and potential impact of acidification on the freshwater fishery resources and their use in eastern Canada....Pages 2135-2146
Lake Resources at Risk to Acidic Deposition in the Eastern United States....Pages 2147-2157
Back Matter....Pages 2159-2174